Age Identification: A Comparison between Finnish and North-American Cultures

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virpi Uotinen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
North American ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Age Identity ◽  
American Sample ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
North American Sample

This study examined perceptions of age among Finnish males and females in three age groups; twenty-five to thirty-nine-year-olds ( n = 446), forty to fifty-four-year-olds ( n = 482) and fifty-five to sixty-four-year-olds ( n = 427). The age perceptions of the Finnish sample were further compared with those of a North-American sample with corresponding age groups ( n = 169, n = 187, n = 222) reported by Barak, Stern, and Gould (1988). Four age concepts used were chronological age, subjective age, ideal age, and disparity age. As expected on the basis of previous studies in age identification, no difference was found between Finnish males and females in terms of subjective age. Ideal age, however, differentiated Finnish males and females; the age ideal of females was significantly higher when compared with males with respective chronological ages. The comparison between Finnish and North-Eastern U.S. sample indicated that the latter group had more youthful age identity while the Finns expressed a greater acceptance of their present age status. This was seen in higher subjective and ideal ages of Finns when compared with their North-American counterparts. Socio-cultural differences in terms of meanings associated with chronological age and aging are discussed.

Diagnoses of Chronic Health Conditions and Change in Subjective Age: The Moderating Role of Chronological Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyah Prasad ◽  
Edward Alan Miller ◽  
Jeffrey A Burr ◽  
Kathrin Boerner
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Chronic Health

Abstract Background and Objectives Health is a predictor of subjective age, and although inconclusive, the strength of this association is not uniform across different age groups. This study investigates if new diagnoses of chronic health conditions are associated with a change in subjective age and if chronological age moderates this relationship. Research Design and Methods Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, residualized change regression analysis was performed for a sample of 5,158 respondents older than 50 years to examine their subjective age in 2014 relative to that reported in 2010. The main predictor was the number of chronic health conditions newly diagnosed between 2010 and 2014. Chronological age in 2010 was the moderator. Results Results showed that each new diagnosis of a chronic health condition was significantly associated with a 0.68-year increase in subjective age reported in 2014, compared to subjective age reported in 2010. However, this increase in subjective age was attenuated by 0.05 years for each additional year in 2010 chronological age. Discussion and Implications According to Social and Temporal Comparison theories, people compare themselves to their age peers and earlier selves. Given expectations for better health at younger chronological ages, being diagnosed with chronic health conditions may have a stronger association with subjective age among middle-aged persons as compared to older persons. The findings suggest that subjective age may be used as a screening tool to predict how chronic disease diagnosis may influence peoples' sense of self, which in turn shapes future health.

Distinction of Cladonia rei and C. subulata based on molecular, chemical and morphological characteristics

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian DOLNIK ◽  
Andreas BECK ◽  
Daria ZARABSKA
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Chemical Feature ◽  
Dry Grasslands ◽  
American Sample ◽  
North American Sample

AbstractCladonia rei and Cladonia subulata are morphologically similar, but chemically different cup lichens of dry grasslands and nutrient-poor ruderal habitats. Recently, C. rei has been synonymized with C. subulata on the basis of combined morphological and chemical investigations. However, doubts remained due to a molecular divergent North American sample of C. rei compared to European C. subulata. To clarify the situation, using molecular methods, we analysed chemically different European samples of C. rei and C. subulata, as well as other morphologically or chemically similar Cladonia species. Molecular data show that European and North American samples of C. rei belong to the same clade, which is closely related to C. fimbriata and followed by a subclade with C. coniocraea and C. ochrochlora. The subclade of C. subulata appears to be distinct from C. rei. In concordance with molecular data, the presence of homosekikaic acid is the determining chemical feature for C. rei. In addition, C. humilis and C. innominata proved to be molecularly distinct species.

Variations in Admission Practices for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: A North American Sample

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth I. Schwartz ◽  
Jonathan M. Mansbach ◽  
Jenna G. Marion ◽  
Debra K. Katzman ◽  
Sara F. Forman
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
North American ◽  
American Sample ◽  
North American Sample

scholarly journals Understanding self-reported importance of religion/spirituality in a North American sample of individuals at risk for familial depression: A principal component analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0224141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Svob ◽  
Lidia Y. X. Wong ◽  
Marc J. Gameroff ◽  
Priya J. Wickramaratne ◽  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
American Sample ◽  
North American Sample

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE FOURTH VENTRICLES OF ADULTS IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIANS USING COMPUTERIZE TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Amaza DS ◽  
◽  
Zirahei JV ◽  
Sambo N ◽  
Oyewale AA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Knowledge of anatomy of the fourth ventricle and the structures around it, is significant in sex determination, surgical operations and brain disorders. Accurate measurements of the fourth ventricle are needful in evaluating brain disorders and in decision making before any neurosurgical procedures. Objective: To determine the dimensions of the apparently normal fourth ventricles and compare the parameters among males and females with a view to providing baseline data. Method: Retrospective study was carried out on brain CT images. Six hundred (600) brain CT images of adult North-eastern Nigerians (350 males and 250 females) were measured. The age range for the individuals was 18-75years. The brain CT images for males and females were classified separately into six (6) age groups spanned eight (8) years interval. Measurements were done using Dicomworks software. The software provides a meter rule with which measurements were done, based on a standard method. Greatest height of fourth ventricle was measured from the roof and floor of the fourth ventricle while the width measured at the midpoint of the ventricle. Results: The height of the fourth ventricle was larger in males (9.95 mm ± 1.04) as compared to females (8.38 mm ± 1.69). The width of the fourth ventricle was also observed to be greater in males (12.95 mm ±1.29) than in females (11.67 mm ±1.45). Thus, the difference between the lengths and widths of the fourth ventricles were higher and statistically significant (p<0.05) among males and females. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the parameters of the 4th ventricle measured were sexually dimorphic and can be used in sex determination in the sample population. This study also has provided reference point for the normal values of the length and width of the fourth ventricle in male and female Nigerians.

Variation and taxonomy of Asiamerican eutherian mammal Paranyctoides

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 895-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Averianov ◽  
J. David Archibald
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Eutherian Mammal ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
American Sample ◽  
The North ◽  
Terminal Taxon ◽  
North American Sample

A parsimony analysis of the distribution of 408 characters in 73 taxa of Cretaceous eutherians and related taxa places three species of Paranyctoides, the Asiatic P. quadrans and the North American P. sternbergi and P. maleficus, into a monophyletic taxon supported by three unambiguous synapomorphies. In this analysis P. quadrans has three autapomorphies, but in the analysis using combined terminal taxon for the entire sample of North American Paranyctoides two of these autapomorphies (development of stylar cusps C and D on upper molars) disappeared because these characters are also variably present in the North American sample. The remaining autapomorphy of P. quadrans, m3 shorter than m2, is known from a single specimen and also may be affected by individual variation. The North American sample of Paranyctoides cannot be clearly separated into distinct species on morphological or morphometric grounds and is considered as representing a single species, P. sternbergi Fox, 1979 (= P. maleficus Fox, 1984, syn. nov.). It differs from the Asiatic P. quadrans (Nesov, 1993) only in having a sharp lingual ridge on p5 and m3 longer than m2. Paranyctoides is the sister taxon to Zhelestidae; this clade is supported by four unambiguous synapomorphies.

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