scholarly journals Employment recovery in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Handwerker ◽  
Peter Meyer ◽  
Joseph Piacentini ◽  
Michael Schultz ◽  
Leo Sveikauskas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
The U.S

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic’s impact on the U.S. labor market is unprecedented. This article reviews economic research on recent pandemic-related job losses in the United States in order to understand the prospects for employment recovery. The research examines telework use, the incidence of job loss, disruptions in labor supply, and progress toward recovery. Massive temporary layoffs drove a spike in unemployment, and subsequent recalls of unemployed workers drove a rapid but partial recovery. The prospects for full recovery are murkier, both because the fraction of the remaining unemployed expecting to be recalled is decreasing and because the pandemic’s future course remains uncertain.

Are You Ready for Some Football? Estimating the Effect of American Football Season on Labor Supply in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 152700252110246
Author(s):  
Luke Petach ◽  
Dustin Rumbaugh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Football ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Market Models ◽  
Supply Effect ◽  
The Business Cycle

American football season reduces the Monday labor hours of employed men by two-thirds of an hour. A similar effect is found for Friday labor hours. We term these effects the “hangover effect” and “happy hour effect.” Consistent with a wide class of labor market models, the labor supply effect varies over the business cycle, increasing in expansions. The hangover effect implies an intertemporal elasticity of labor supply on the order of 0.014. Evaluated at the median hourly wage, our estimates imply an annual economic cost of foregone earnings associated with football season in the neighborhood of $5.06 billion.

The Labor Supply of Male Hispanic Immigrants in the United States

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Borjas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hispanic Immigrants ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Labor Market Characteristic

Several recent studies have begun the systematic analysis of the labor market characteristics of Hispanics in the United States. This research has focused on two related issues: a) how the immigration and assimilation experience affects Hispanic earnings;2 and b) the measurement of wage differentials between Hispanics and non-Hispanics.3 The main findings of this research are that the earnings of (some) Hispanic immigrants rise rapidly after immigration; and that the wage differential between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites is generally due to differences in observable skill characteristics. This article extends previous research by focusing on another labor market characteristic: the labor supply of Hispanic immigrants.4

Labor Supply Decisions, Occupational Segregation, and Intergenerational Income Mobility – Germany and the United States Compared

2009 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Veronika Eberharter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Intergenerational Income Mobility ◽  
The Impact

The article directs attention to the structuring effects of humancapital variables and family-background characteristics on labor supply decisions, occupational segregation, and intergenerational income mobility in the United States and Germany - two countries with different institutional labor market settings and family role patterns. The article tests the hypothesis that the impact of family-background characteristics on labor supply decisions, sex or gender segregation, and intergenerational transmission of social and economic status is more expressed in societies with traditional role patterns. Using data from the international version of the Cross-National Equivalent File (PSIDGSOEP), the results of the static labor supply model show that gender and education significantly determine the individual labor market participation in both the countries. Occupational gender segregation is more pronounced in Germany than in the United States. The contribution of the occupational groups to total gender segregation differs by country but not by marital status. We find stronger evidence for the impact of individual- and family-background characteristics on the intergenerational heritage of social status in the United States than in Germany.

The Earnings of Male Hispanic Immigrants in the United States

ILR Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Borjas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hispanic Immigrants ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Political Refugees ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
Cuban Immigrants ◽  
The U.S

This paper presents an empirical analysis of earnings differentials among male Hispanic immigrants in the United States. The principal finding of the study is that there are major differences in the rate of economic mobility of the various Hispanic groups. In particular, the rate of economic progress by Cuban immigrants exceeds that of other Hispanic groups, the result in part of the fact that Cuban immigrants have invested more heavily in U.S. schooling than other Hispanic immigrants arriving in this country at the same time. The author concludes that these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that political refugees are likely to face higher costs of return immigration than do “economic” immigrants, and therefore the former have greater incentives to adapt rapidly to the U.S. labor market.

The Precarious Position of Latino Immigrants in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 666 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Massey ◽  
Jorge Durand ◽  
Karen A. Pren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Immigrants ◽  
Mexican Migrants ◽  
Mexican Migrant ◽  
Wage Penalties ◽  
The U.S

A majority of Mexican and Central Americans living in the United States today are undocumented or living in a marginal, temporary legal status. This article is a comparative analysis of how Mexican and non-Mexican Latino immigrants fare in the U.S. labor market. We show that despite higher levels of human capital and a higher class background among non-Mexican migrants, neither they nor Mexican migrants have fared very well in the United States. Over the past four decades, the real value of their wages has fallen across the board, and both Mexican and non-Mexican migrant workers experience wage penalties because they are in liminal legal categories. With Latinos now composing 17 percent of the U.S. population and 25 percent of births, the precariousness of their labor market position should be a great concern among those attending to the nation’s future.

Trade, Development, and Migrant Garment Workers in Jordan

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 195-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kolben
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Apparel Manufacturing ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Tariff Reductions ◽  
The U.S

This article examines the consequences of the international community’s and, more specifically, the United States’ efforts to help Jordan develop through the use of Preferential Trade Arrangements (PTAs). Specifically, it looks at how an effort to encourage garment and apparel manufacturing in Jordan, through special tariff reductions that are not generally available to other trading partners of the U.S., led to some unintended and undesirable results from the perspective of labor rights compliance and development. The article concludes that PTAs that intend to promote development and labor rights need to examine the specific labor market and economic context of trading partner countries to determine how to best design trade policy.

scholarly journals Post-Pandemic Fertility: Lessons from the Great Recession

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The U.S

In “Beyond the Great Recession: Labor Market Polarization and Ongoing Fertility Decline in the United States,” I investigated the economic reasons for why fertility rates in the United States continued to decrease after the Great Recession. The findings of this research might be informative of how the COVID-19 induced recession that began in March 2020 might influence fertility rates in the U.S. and perhaps other high-income countries. The scenarios presented here are based on (a) different forecasts of the pace and character of economic recovery, and (b) potential government interventions that are put into place to stabilize the economy.

Dimensions of Inequality: Black Immigrants’ Occupational Segregation in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Rebbeca Tesfai ◽  
Kevin J. A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Immigrants ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Caribbean Immigrants ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. labor market is increasingly made up of immigrant workers, and considerable research has focused on occupational segregation as an indicator of their labor market incorporation. However, most studies focus on Hispanic populations, excluding one of the fastest growing immigrant groups: foreign-born blacks. Because of their shared race, African and Caribbean immigrants may experience the same structural barriers as U.S.-born blacks. However, researchers hypothesize that black immigrants are advantaged in the labor market relative to U.S.-born blacks because of social network hiring and less discrimination by employers. Using 2011–2015 pooled American Community Survey data, this study is among the first quantitative studies to examine black immigrants’ occupational segregation in the United States. The authors use the Duncan and Duncan Dissimilarity Index to estimate black immigrants’ segregation from U.S.-born whites and blacks and regression analyses to identify predictors of occupational segregation. Consistent with previous work focusing on Hispanic immigrants, foreign-born blacks are highly overrepresented in a few occupations. African and Caribbean immigrants experience more occupational segregation from whites than the U.S.-born, with African immigrants most segregated. Africans are also more segregated from U.S.-born blacks than Caribbean immigrants. Results of the regression analyses suggest that African immigrants are penalized rather than rewarded for educational attainment. The authors find that the size of the coethnic population and the share of coethnics who are self-employed are associated with a decline in occupational segregation. Future research is needed to determine the impact of lower occupational segregation on the income of self-employed black immigrants.

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