Estimation of temporal and spatial changes in micronutrients in the soil using geostatistical analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GARIMA SHUKLA ◽  
G. C. MISHRA ◽  
S. K. SINGH

Investigation of temporal and spatial changes is essential in soil because of its heterogeneous, diverse and dynamic system. In present paper, content of some important major micronutrients namely zinc, boron and iron were estimated at different unsampled locations in Sevapuri block of Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh by using some Geostatistical analysis. After normalizing the data, geo-statistical analyses were used to illustrate spatial variation and then spatial distribution maps of micronutrients were prepared. On the basis of these maps amount of micronutrients at unsampled location were estimated by using data of sampled locations.

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Khadija Baba ◽  
Lahcen Bahi ◽  
Latifa Ouadif

<p>The anomalies detected in phosphatic series of Sidi Chennane, one of phosphatic basins in Morocco, hinder the proper exploitation of phosphate levels and the assessing phosphate reserves seems incorrect. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of geostatistical methods for delimitation of these disturbances. To cover all the zones being able to be disturbed, we carried out, during the geophysical prospection in a parcel of 50 ha, 5151 resistivity measurements as horizontal profiling using the well-known Schlumberger array, in order to map the spatial distribution of  the sterile hardpan inclusions.</p><p>Geostatistical tools were used to quantify the spatial correlation between apparent resistivity data. Semivariograms were obtained using a classical Matheron semivariogram estimator and fit to the experimental semivariograms obtained. We have selected those with the best fit in terms of sum of squared residuals (SSR).</p><p>Geostatistical analysis was performed using the software VESPER 1.63. Spatial distribution maps were made by ordinary kriging, the qualitative interpretation of these maps reflects that the exponential model is found to be the best model representing the spatial variability of our geoelectric data. The qualitative interpretation of the kriged resistivity maps allows defining resistivity contrast, consequently we have delimited the crossing dominate area from a “normal” into a “disturbed” area. Models of the geology were successfully obtained from geostatical method, which help mapping the phosphate deposit inclusions and the estimations of phosphate reserves were improved and better constrained.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Las anomalías detectadas en las series fosfóricas de Sidi Chennane, una de las cuencas fosfóricas de Marruecos, dificultan la explotación apropiada de los niveles de fosfato y hacen parecer incorrectos los cálculos de las reservas. El propósito de este estudio es la evaluación de los métodos geoestadísticos para la delimitación de estas anomalías. Para cubrir todas las zonas donde se pueden presentar estas alteraciones se llevaron a cabo,durante la exploración geofísica en una parcela de 50 hectáreas, 5151 medidas de resistividad con perfileshorizontales a través del conocido sondeo Schlumberger, con el fin de mapear la distribución espacial de las inclusiones estériles de la capa sólida.</p><p>Se utilizaron herramientas geoestadísticas para cuantificar la correlación espacial entre los datos de resistividad. Se obtuvieron semivariogramas a través del tradicional estimador de semivariogramas Matheron y se adecuaron a los semivariogramas experimentales obtenidos. La selección se basó en aquellos que mejor se acoplaban en términos de la suma de cuadrados residuales (SCE). Los análisis geoestadísticos se realizaron con el programa VESPER 1.63. Los mapas de distribución espacial se hicieron por Kriging regular, y la interpretación cualitativa de estos mapas refleja que el modelo exponencial es el que mejor representa la variablilidad espacial de estos datos geoeléctricos. La interpretación cualitativa de los mapas de resistividad obtenidos por la técnica del Kriging permite definir el contraste de resistencia, lo que fija el área entre los estándares de “normal” y “Con Alteraciones”. Los modelos geológicos fueron obtenidos del método geoestadístico, lo que ayudó a mapear los depósitos de inclusiones de fosfato y mejoró las estimaciones de las reservas a través de una mejor definición de estas.</p><p> </p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2127-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfay G. Gebremicael ◽  
Yasir A. Mohamed ◽  
Pieter v. Zaag ◽  
Eyasu Y. Hagos

Abstract. The Upper Tekezē–Atbara river sub-basin, part of the Nile Basin, is characterized by high temporal and spatial variability of rainfall and streamflow. In spite of its importance for sustainable water use and food security, the changing patterns of streamflow and its association with climate change is not well understood. This study aims to improve the understanding of the linkages between rainfall and streamflow trends and identify possible drivers of streamflow variabilities in the basin. Trend analyses and change-point detections of rainfall and streamflow were analysed using Mann–Kendall and Pettitt tests, respectively, using data records for 21 rainfall and 9 streamflow stations. The nature of changes and linkages between rainfall and streamflow were carefully examined for monthly, seasonal and annual flows, as well as indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA). The trend and change-point analyses found that 19 of the tested 21 rainfall stations did not show statistically significant changes. In contrast, trend analyses on the streamflow showed both significant increasing and decreasing patterns. A decreasing trend in the dry season (October to February), short season (March to May), main rainy season (June to September) and annual totals is dominant in six out of the nine stations. Only one out of nine gauging stations experienced significant increasing flow in the dry and short rainy seasons, attributed to the construction of Tekezē hydropower dam upstream this station in 2009. Overall, streamflow trends and change-point timings were found to be inconsistent among the stations. Changes in streamflow without significant change in rainfall suggests factors other than rainfall drive the change. Most likely the observed changes in streamflow regimes could be due to changes in catchment characteristics of the basin. Further studies are needed to verify and quantify the hydrological changes shown in statistical tests by identifying the physical mechanisms behind those changes. The findings from this study are useful as a prerequisite for studying the effects of catchment management dynamics on the hydrological variabilities in the basin.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xiao ◽  
Chaoyang Fang ◽  
Hui Lin ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Ya Tian ◽  
...  

AbstractIn the Internet age, emotions exist in cyberspace and geospatial space, and social media is the mapping from geospatial space to cyberspace. However, most previous studies pay less attention to the multidimensional and spatiotemporal characteristics of emotion. We obtained 211,526 Sina Weibo data with geographic locations and trained an emotion classification model by combining the Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) model and a convolutional neural network to calculate the emotional tendency of each Weibo. Then, the topic of the hot spots in Nanchang City was detected through a word shift graph, and the temporal and spatial change characteristics of the Weibo emotions were analyzed at the grid-scale. The results of our research show that Weibo’s overall emotion tendencies are mainly positive. The spatial distribution of the urban emotions is extremely uneven, and the hot spots of a single emotion are mainly distributed around the city. In general, the intensity of the temporal and spatial changes in emotions in the cities is relatively high. Specifically, from day to night, the city exhibits a pattern of high in the east and low in the west. From working days to weekends, the model exhibits a low center and a four-week high. These results reveal the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the Weibo emotions in the city and provide auxiliary support for analyzing the happiness of residents in the city and guiding urban management and planning.


2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
Jing Wen Xu ◽  
Jun Fang Zhao ◽  
Yu Peng Wang ◽  
Qiong Lian Chen ◽  
Li Wei Zeng

Drought monitoring is one of important researching areas. The soil moisture data retrieved from AMSR-E and SPI both can be employed as the indexes for drought monitoring. In this paper, they are compared in temporal and spatial variation in the hilly area of central Sichuan basin for 2006-2008. The results show that in general they agree well in temporal and spatial distribution. They both indicate that the hilly area of central Sichuan basin was wetter in the spring and summer and drier in winter. Besides, they become greater from the northwest to southeast of the study area.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupesh Upadhyay

Temporal and spatial changes in weather that are expected to occur under different climate change scenarios will affect the biology and ecology of vectors and the risk of disease transmission. It is estimated that average global temperature will have risen by 1.0-3.5 degree Celsius by 2100, increasing the likelihood of many vector borne diseases. This study aims at reviewing temporal and spatial changes in the climate and vector-borne diseases in India. The weather data is collected from IBM weather API for Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Changing temperature (including Himalayas hills regions), rain intensity, prolonged monsoon creates a favourable breeding condition for vector. One of the vectors borne disease Japanese encephalitis is still a major health problem in five districts in Eastern UP (Gorakhpur, Kushinagar, Maharajganj, Sant Kabir Nagar and Siddarth Nagar), these regions are the most affected by floods from rivers originating in the Nepali hills. Himalayan hills region of Nepal also affected by global warming. In that way, Climate change is a big factor in the transmission of vector-borne diseases.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfay Gebretsadkan Gebremicael ◽  
Yasir Abbas Mohamed ◽  
Pieter van der Zaag ◽  
Eyasu Yazew Hagos

Abstract. The Upper Tekeze–Atbara river basin–part of the Nile basin, is characterized by high temporal and spatial variability of rainfall and streamflow. In spite of its importance for sustainable water use and food security, the changing patterns of streamflow and its association with climate change is not well understood in the basin. This study aims at improving the understanding of the linkages between rainfall and streamflow trends and identifying the drivers of streamflow variabilities in the basin. Trend and change point detections of rainfall and streamflow were analysed using Mann–Kendall and Pettitt tests, respectively, using data records for 21 rainfall and 9 streamflow stations. The nature of changes and linkages between rainfall and streamflow were carefully examined for monthly, seasonal, annual flows as well as Indicators of Hydrological Alterations (IHA). The trend and change point analyses found that 20 of the tested 21 rainfall stations did not show statistically significant changes. In contrast, trend analyses on the streamflow showed a significant increasing/decreasing patterns. A decreasing trend in the dry (October to February), short (March to May), main rainy seasons (June to September) and annual totals is dominant in 6 out of the 9 stations. Only one out of nine gauging stations experienced increasing flow significantly in the dry and short rainy seasons. This increasing trend is attributed to the construction of Tekeze hydropower dam above the station in 2009. Overall, streamflow trends and change point timings were found to be inconsistent among the stations. Changes in streamflow without significant change in rainfall suggests other factors than rainfall to drive the change. Weak linkages between rainfall and streamflow trends indicate that the observed changes in streamflow regimes could be due to changes in catchment characteristics of the basin. Further studies are needed to verify and quantify the hydrological changes shown in statistical tests by identifying the physical mechanisms behind those changes. The findings from this study are useful as a pre-requisite for studying the effects of catchment management dynamics on the hydrological variabilities in the basin.


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