Determination of Drainage Coefficient and Bund Height of Rice Fields at Gaya and Bhagalpur Districts in Bihar

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHUTOSH UPADHYAYA ◽  
S. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Two Parameter

Rainfall plays an important role in agricultural production, particularly in rainfed areas. Less occurrence of rainfall causes drought like situation and crops suffer due to deficit of water, whereas heavy rainfall occurring for longer duration lead to flood like situation resulting in more runoff, soil erosion and crop damage. Rice can sustain water for little longer period compared to other crops, but this crop also needs drainage. 30 years daily rainfall data was collected at Gaya and Bhagalpur districts and analyzed. Two parameter Gamma distribution model was found fitting well in 1 to 7 consecutive days maximum rainfall corresponding to return periods varying from 2 to 20 years. In order to determine drainage coefficient at Gaya and Bhagalpur districts, depthduration- return period curves were developed. Tangents were drawn on the curves from 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm points and slope of these tangents gave the drainage coefficients corresponding to these rain water storage levels. Since 10 years return period is generally considered in design of agricultural structures, so the poin ton Y axis, where tangent drawn on the curves of 10 years return period crosses, gives the bund height. For both Gaya and Bhagalpur bund heights were found as 24 cm and corresponding drainage coefficients as 12.5 and 25 mm/day.

Determination of Maximum Storage and Drainage Coefficient from Consecutive Days Maximum Rainfall at Different Locations in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHUTOSH UPADHYAYA ◽  
ARTI Saran KUMARI ◽  
AKRAM AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Safe Disposal

Knowledge about the maximum possible storage of rainwater in the field and its safe disposal is very important to save crops from the adverse impact of excess rainfall. Keeping this in view, daily rainfall data of 30 to 35 years as per availability was analyzed at four centres of All India Coordinated Research Project on Water Management i.e. (i) Samastipur (ii) Ludhiana, (iii) Hisar, and (iv) Almora. In the design of agricultural structures, generally, 10 years return period is considered, so the point, where tangent drawn on the curves of 10 years return period crosses the Y-axis, gives maximum possible storage (recommended bund height) in rice fields. Maximum possible storage (bund height) corresponding to 10 years return period was found as 25 cm, 15 cm, 13 cm, and 27.5 cm and corresponding drainage coefficient as 26.3 mm/day, 6.8 mm/day, 8.4 mm/day and 24.8 mm/day for Samastipur, Ludhiana, Hisar and Almora, respectively.

scholarly journals Duration-frequency relationships of heavy rainfall in Santa Catarina, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro José Back ◽  
José Luiz Rocha Oliveira ◽  
Alan Henn
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smirnov Test

The purpose of this study was to adjust equations that establish relationships between rainfall events with different duration and data from weather stations in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. In this study, the relationships between different duration heavy rainfalls from 13 weather stations of Santa Catarina were analyzed. From series of maximum annual rainfalls, and using the Gumbel-Chow distribution, the maximum rainfall for durations between 5 min and 24 h were estimated considering return periods from 2 to 100 years. The data fit to the Gumbel-Chow model was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at 5 % significance. The coefficients of Bell's equation were adjusted to estimate the relationship between rainfall duration t (min) and the return period T (y) in relation to the maximum rainfall with a duration of 1 hour and a 10 year return period. Likewise, the coefficients of Bell's equation were adjusted based on the maximum rainfall with a duration of 1 day and a 10 year return period. The results showed that these relationships are viable to estimate short-duration rainfall events at locations where there are no rainfall records.

scholarly journals Size and Return Periods of Extreme Disasters

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (30) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Miroslav Rusko ◽  
Dana Procházková
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Systematic Methodology

Size and Return Periods of Extreme Disasters Extreme disasters occur rarely and altogether occasionally, and therefore, the determination of maximum possible size or maximum expected size of natural and other disasters is important for the safety management and for the insurance domain, and considerable attention is paid to it. Systematic methodology development has been supported by professional papers since 70s of the last century or so. At present, the extreme value methods based on the great numbers of law, fuzzy sets etc. are used. The example shows the high differences in the extreme values existing in the application of old concepts and new methods. By use of the extreme value methods, it is also possible to calculate the return period of extreme disasters. The example showing return periods for different disaster sizes is given.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO PADRÃO DAS CHUVAS OCORRENTES EM LAVRAS, MG

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-333
Author(s):  
Adão Wagner Pêgo Evangelista ◽  
Luiz Gonzaga de Carvalho ◽  
Daniel Teixeira Bernardinho
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Erosive Rainfall ◽  
Frequency Curves

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO PADRÃO DAS CHUVAS OCORRENTES EM LAVRAS, MG  Adão Wagner Pêgo Evangelista; Luiz Gonsaga de Carvalho; Daniel Teixeira BernardinoDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Em razão da variação da intensidade da precipitação pluvial durante a sua ocorrência, desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de estudar os padrões de chuvas erosivas naturais verificadas em Lavras, MG, e estimar o período de retorno das chuvas em três padrões propostos. Para isto utilizou-se uma série histórica de dados pluviográficos para o período de 1987 a 1989 e 1992 a 2003, correspondente à Estação Climatológica Principal 83687 (INMET). As chuvas foram classificadas em padrão avançado, intermediário e atrasado, de acordo com a posição do pico de máxima intensidade e, posteriormente, foram calculadas as intensidades máximas de chuva para várias durações e períodos de retorno. Também foram construídas curvas de intensidade, duração e freqüência para os padrões de chuva supracitados. Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que o padrão de chuvas avançado se destacou em todos os parâmetros analisados, seguido em ordem decrescente pelo padrão de chuvas intermediário e atrasado. O padrão avançado correspondeu a 68% do total de chuvas analisadas, o intermediário com 22% e o atrasado com 10%. UNITERMOS: período de retorno, intensidade de chuva, perfil de precipitação.  EVANGELISTA, A.W.P.; CARVALHO, L.G. de; BERNARDINO, D.T. RAINFALL PATTERN CHARACTERIZATION IN LAVRAS, MG  2 ABSTRACT Due to rainfall intensity variation during its occurrence, this experiment was carried out in order to study the natural erosive rainfall patterns, in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and estimate the rainfall return period for the three proposed patterns. Climatic historic pluviograph data from 1987 to 1989 and from 1992 to 2003 were used. Rainfall events were classified as advanced, intermediate and delayed, according to their maximum intensity peak position and afterwards, the maximum rainfall intensity was calculated for several durations and return periods. Intensity, duration and frequency curves for the three above mentioned patterns were also calculated. It was concluded that the advanced pattern of rainfall was more significant than all the analyzed parameters, followed by the intermediate one and the delayed pattern. The advanced pattern corresponded to 68% of the total analyzed rainfall, the intermediate one to 22% and the delayed pattern to 10% KEYWORDS: return period, rainfall intensity, precipitation profile.  

scholarly journals ESTIMATE OF THE INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQUENCY PARAMETERS OF INTENSE RAINFALL FOR THE STATE OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 314-325
Author(s):  
João Batista Lopes da Silva ◽  
Nicole Lopes Bento ◽  
Gabriel Soares Lopes Gomes ◽  
Alcinei Ribeiro Campos ◽  
Danilo Paulúcio da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Using Data

The study of the rainfall characteristics is of fundamental importance since the frequency of floods has increased in several parts of Brazil due to anthropic impacts of climatic changes. Thus, this study aimed to determine the parameters of the intense rainfall equation (K, a, b, c) for 52 municipalities in the State of Alagoas using data from 164 rain gauges ta available from the National Water Agency (ANA). The data series were subjected to consistency analysis and further desegregation of maximum daily rainfall to durations of the 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 60; 360; 480; 600; 720 and 1,440 minutes and return period of 5; 10; 25; 50 and 100 years according to different probabilistic models. The adjustment of the parameters was carried out by means of non-linear regression, with R² greater than 0.949 for all the stations, considering for this purpose one station per municipality, totaling 51 municipalities of study. It was obtained that the maximum rainfall intensity predicted increases with the increase in the return period and decreases with the increase of the duration of the rain. The greater intensities were detected in the mesoregion of Eastern Alagoano and the lowest intensities in the mesoregion of Sertão Alagoano.

scholarly journals Two Rainfall-Characteristic Indices Proposed as Suitable for Agricultural Planning in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Modesto Capiel ◽  
Mariano Antoni
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Deficiency Index ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Agricultural Regions

A statistical evaluation was made of the daily rainfall at Caguas and Fajardo, covering 70- and 60-year periods. The purposes of this evaluation were: 1, To investigate the character, if any, of the rainfall distribution and of its deficiency (drought) characteristics; and 2, in the event that any character was found in rainfall in the sense of distribution and deficiency, to develop a Rainfall Deficiency Index which would be useful to agricultural and other programs and inventories. The study first consisted of determining the least rainfall in 60, 120, and 180 consecutive days, and the maximum rainfall in 30 and 90-day periods of each year. This analysis suggested the occurrence of most deficient and least deficient rainfall in 120 (or 180) day cycles during the drier part of the year within 10- to 11-year periods; the Caguas data beginning in 1899 and in 1909 at Fajardo. The suggested cycles appear to be more defined at Caguas than Fajardo. It appears that years ending in 6 or 7 almost invariably seemed to be among the driest in their respective decades; 1899 to 1968. Years ending in 1 or 2 seemed identified with least deficient and better distributed rainfall. This preliminary analysis was based mainly on the least rainfall in 120 days parameter. It was found that the ratio of the mean least rainfall in 120 days of the dry years (ending in 6 or 7) to the "wet" years (ending in 1 or 2) is 0.364 for Caguas and 0.603 for Fajardo. Also, the coefficient of variation of the data for dry and "wet" years was lower than when calculated for all years. Contrast between dry and wet years is apparent even for the least rainfall in 180 days (6 months of the year). In this respect the ratios of dry to "wet" years are 0.494 and 0.595 for Caguas and Fajardo, respectively. There is no apparent contrast, however, when the annual, or even maximum, rainfall in 90 days at the two locations is compared for "wet" and dry years. A Rainfall Deficiency Index (DEF) is proposed. Such deficiency is normally distributed for Caguas and Fajardo. This index integrates the deficiency and distribution characteristics of the annual rainfall. It can be used, therefore, as a guide for evaluating the rainfall characteristics in the agricultural regions of Puerto Rico and for the determination of priorities for supplemental irrigation. A Rainfall Distribution Coefficient (DIS) was developed as a direct means of describing the distribution characteristics of annual rainfall, and it accounts indirectly for the rainfall deficiency within a given area or areas of similar annual rainfall. DEF accounted for 74.0 and 64.4 percent of the variations in DIS at both Caguas and Fajardo.

RAINFALL ANALYSIS OF THE KELANTAN BIG YELLOW FLOOD 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Eliza Alias ◽  
Hazim Mohamad ◽  
Wan Yoke Chin ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Analysis

In December 2014, Kelantan was hit by the worst flood ever recorded. Did the rainfall exceed historical records, how rare are they and what causes them? This paper answers these questions. Estimation of the return periods uses the GEV distribution model and stations with more than 25 years records. Spatial distribution plots of the cumulated rainfall depths were constructed using IDW interpolation method. Four major outcomes are: 1) Spatial rainfall patterns show high amounts of rainfall accumulated by phases (Phase 1- daily rainfall up to 300 mm; Phase 2- daily rainfall up to 500 mm); 2) record breaking rainfall events occurred at 9 stations significantly at Gunung Gagau (1598.9 mm compared to 976.5 mm 7-day cumulated rainfall). Many stations upstream of the river basin experienced ARIs near and over 100 years and several experienced more than 200 years; and 4) Enhanced rainfall were experienced due to the combined effect of the monsoon season, Madden Julian Oscillation and temperature below anomalies at the Siberian High

scholarly journals Isohyetal Maps of Daily Maximum Rainfall for Different Return Periods for the Colombian Caribbean Region

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro González-Álvarez ◽  
Orlando Viloria-Marimón ◽  
Óscar Coronado-Hernández ◽  
Andrés Vélez-Pereira ◽  
Kibrewossen Tesfagiorgis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Rainfall Frequency ◽  
Data Points

In Colombia, daily maximum multiannual series are one of the main inputs for design streamflow calculation, which requires performing a rainfall frequency analysis that involves several prior steps: (a) requesting the datasets, (b) waiting for the information, (c) reviewing the datasets received for missing or data different from the requested variable, and (d) requesting the information once again if it is not correct. To tackle these setbacks, 318 rain gauges located in the Colombian Caribbean region were used to first evaluate whether or not the Gumbel distribution was indeed the most suitable by performing frequency analyses using three different distributions (Gumbel, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), and Log-Pearson 3 (LP3)); secondly, to generate daily maximum isohyetal maps for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, and 100 years; and, lastly, to evaluate which interpolation method (IDW, spline, and ordinary kriging) works best in areas with a varying density of data points. GEV was most suitable in 47.2% of the rain gauges, while Gumbel, in spite of being widely used in Colombia, was only suitable in 34.3% of the cases. Regarding the interpolation method, better isohyetals were obtained with the IDW method. In general, the areal maximum daily rainfall estimated showed good agreement when compared to the true values.

scholarly journals Determination of the flood volume by the aspects of peak flow and flood hydrograph at the level of the city of Biskra, Wadi Biskra watershed, Algeria.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
amel Boumessenegh ◽  
hadda dridi
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Flood Volume ◽  
Flood Hydrograph ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
The City

Abstract The peak flow of a flood can be determined by several empirical methods. Among these methods, the Gradex method is used in this work to estimate the project flood and the volumes corresponding to the flows. This approach has made it possible to recognize the flow of different frequencies by aspects of the peak flow and the flood hydrograph. The study was based on the maximum annual daily rainfall for a long series of observations (47 years), and on the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves of the four rainfall stations Biskra, T'kout, Djemoura, and El kantara; located in the watershed of Oued Biskra. The application of the Gradex method has allowed to approach the maximum flow of floods at the level of the outlet which is located at the entrance of the city of Biskra; for the rare frequency of occurrence (return periods ranging from 10 to 1000 years).

scholarly journals Impact of Extreme Rainfall on Flood Hydrographs

2021 ◽  
Vol 884 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
I G Tunas ◽  
H Azikin ◽  
G M Oka
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Daily Rainfall Data ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
Flood Hydrograph ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall

Abstract Extreme rainfall is the main factor triggering flooding in various regions of the world including Indonesia. The increase in intensity and duration of current extreme rainfall is predicted as a result of global climate change. This paper aims to analyze the impact of extreme rainfall to the peak discharge of flood hydrographs at a watershed outlet in Palu, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Maximum daily rainfall data for the period 1990-1999 recorded at the Palu Meteorological Station, Central Sulawesi were selected using the Annual Maximum Series Method, and grouped into two types. Type I is the maximum daily rainfall data with extreme events and Type II is the maximum daily rainfall data without extreme events. Frequency analysis was applied to the two data groups using the best distribution method of: Normal, Normal Log, Pearson III Log, and Gumbel to obtain the design rainfall of each data group. In the next stage, the design rainfall transformation into a flood hydrograph is performed using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph based on a number of return periods in one of the rivers flowing into Palu Bay, namely the Poboya River. The analysis results show that the design rainfall graphs with both extreme rainfall and without extreme rainfall are identical at the low return period and divergent at the high return period with a difference of up to 21.6% at the 1000-year return period. Correspondingly, extreme rainfall has a greater impact at the peak of the flood hydrograph with increasing return periods ranging from -1.28% to 26.81% over the entire return period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document