scholarly journals Determination of the flood volume by the aspects of peak flow and flood hydrograph at the level of the city of Biskra, Wadi Biskra watershed, Algeria.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
amel Boumessenegh ◽  
hadda dridi
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Flood Volume ◽  
Flood Hydrograph ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
The City

Abstract The peak flow of a flood can be determined by several empirical methods. Among these methods, the Gradex method is used in this work to estimate the project flood and the volumes corresponding to the flows. This approach has made it possible to recognize the flow of different frequencies by aspects of the peak flow and the flood hydrograph. The study was based on the maximum annual daily rainfall for a long series of observations (47 years), and on the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves of the four rainfall stations Biskra, T'kout, Djemoura, and El kantara; located in the watershed of Oued Biskra. The application of the Gradex method has allowed to approach the maximum flow of floods at the level of the outlet which is located at the entrance of the city of Biskra; for the rare frequency of occurrence (return periods ranging from 10 to 1000 years).

scholarly journals Bivariate Hydrologic Risk Assessment of Flood Episodes using the Notation of Failure Probability

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2002-2023
Author(s):  
Shahid Latif ◽  
Firuza Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Failure Probability ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Gaussian Copula ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Flood Volume

Floods are becoming the most severe and challenging hydrologic issue at the Kelantan River basin in Malaysia. Flood episodes are usually thoroughly characterized by flood peak discharge flow, volume and duration series. This study incorporated the copula-based methodology in deriving the joint distribution analysis of the annual flood characteristics and the failure probability for assessing the bivariate hydrologic risk. Both the Archimedean and Gaussian copula family were introduced and tested as possible candidate functions. The copula dependence parameters are estimated using the method-of-moment estimation procedure. The Gaussian copula was recognized as the best-fitted distribution for capturing the dependence structure of the flood peak-volume and peak-duration pairs based on goodness-of-fit test statistics and was further employed to derive the joint return periods. The bivariate hydrologic risks of flood peak flow and volume pair, and flood peak flow and duration pair in different return periods (i.e., 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years) were estimated and revealed that the risk statistics incrementally increase in the service lifetime and, at the same instant, incrementally decrease in return periods. In addition, we found that ignoring the mutual dependency can underestimate the failure probabilities where the univariate events produced a lower failure probability than the bivariate events. Similarly, the variations in bivariate hydrologic risk with the changes of flood peak in the different synthetic flood volume and duration series (i.e., 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years return periods) under different service lifetimes are demonstrated. Investigation revealed that the value of bivariate hydrologic risk statistics incrementally increases over the project lifetime (i.e., 30, 50, and 100 years) service time, and at the same time, it incrementally decreases in the return period of flood volume and duration. Overall, this study could provide a basis for making an appropriate flood defence plan and long-lasting infrastructure designs. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091599 Full Text: PDF

Determination of Drainage Coefficient and Bund Height of Rice Fields at Gaya and Bhagalpur Districts in Bihar

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHUTOSH UPADHYAYA ◽  
S. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Two Parameter

Rainfall plays an important role in agricultural production, particularly in rainfed areas. Less occurrence of rainfall causes drought like situation and crops suffer due to deficit of water, whereas heavy rainfall occurring for longer duration lead to flood like situation resulting in more runoff, soil erosion and crop damage. Rice can sustain water for little longer period compared to other crops, but this crop also needs drainage. 30 years daily rainfall data was collected at Gaya and Bhagalpur districts and analyzed. Two parameter Gamma distribution model was found fitting well in 1 to 7 consecutive days maximum rainfall corresponding to return periods varying from 2 to 20 years. In order to determine drainage coefficient at Gaya and Bhagalpur districts, depthduration- return period curves were developed. Tangents were drawn on the curves from 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm points and slope of these tangents gave the drainage coefficients corresponding to these rain water storage levels. Since 10 years return period is generally considered in design of agricultural structures, so the poin ton Y axis, where tangent drawn on the curves of 10 years return period crosses, gives the bund height. For both Gaya and Bhagalpur bund heights were found as 24 cm and corresponding drainage coefficients as 12.5 and 25 mm/day.

scholarly journals Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Relationship. Case Study: Depth-Duration Ratio in a Semi-Arid Zone in Mexico

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ena Gámez-Balmaceda ◽  
Alvaro López-Ramos ◽  
Luisa Martínez-Acosta ◽  
Juan Pablo Medrano-Barboza ◽  
John Freddy Remolina López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Idf Curves ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
The City ◽  
Semi Arid

Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves describe the relationship between rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and return period. They are commonly used in the design, planning and operation of hydrologic, hydraulic, and water resource systems. Considering the intense rainfall presence with flooding occurrences, limited data used to develop IDF curves, and importance to improve the IDF design for the Ensenada City in Baja California, this research study aims to investigate the use and combinations of pluviograph and daily records, to assess rain behavior around the city, and select a suitable method that provides the best results of IDF relationship, consequently updating the IDF relationship for the city for return periods of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. The IDF relationship is determined through frequency analysis of rainfall observations. Also, annual maximum rainfall intensity for several duration and return periods has been analyzed according to the statistical distribution of Gumbel Extreme Value (GEV). Thus, Chen’s method was evaluated based on the depth-duration ratio (R) from the zone, and the development of the IDF relationship for the rain gauges stations was focused on estimating the most suitable (R) ratio; chosen from testing several methods and analyzing the rain in the region from California and Baja California. The determined values of the rain for one hour and return period of 2 years (P12) obtained were compared to the values of some cities in California and Baja California, with a range between 10 and 16.61 mm, and the values of the (R) ratio are in a range between 0.35 and 0.44; this range is close to the (R) ratio of 0.44 for one station in Tijuana, a city 100 km far from Ensenada. The values found here correspond to the rainfall characteristics of the zone; therefore, the method used in this study can be replicated to other semi-arid zones with the same rain characteristics. Finally, it is suggested that these results of the IDF relationship should be incorporated on the Norm of the State of Baja California as the recurrence update requires it upon recommendation. This study is the starting point to other studies that imply the calculation of a peak flow and evaluation of hydraulic structures as an input to help improve flood resilience in the city of Ensenada.

scholarly journals Impact of Extreme Rainfall on Flood Hydrographs

2021 ◽  
Vol 884 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
I G Tunas ◽  
H Azikin ◽  
G M Oka
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Daily Rainfall Data ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
Flood Hydrograph ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall

Abstract Extreme rainfall is the main factor triggering flooding in various regions of the world including Indonesia. The increase in intensity and duration of current extreme rainfall is predicted as a result of global climate change. This paper aims to analyze the impact of extreme rainfall to the peak discharge of flood hydrographs at a watershed outlet in Palu, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Maximum daily rainfall data for the period 1990-1999 recorded at the Palu Meteorological Station, Central Sulawesi were selected using the Annual Maximum Series Method, and grouped into two types. Type I is the maximum daily rainfall data with extreme events and Type II is the maximum daily rainfall data without extreme events. Frequency analysis was applied to the two data groups using the best distribution method of: Normal, Normal Log, Pearson III Log, and Gumbel to obtain the design rainfall of each data group. In the next stage, the design rainfall transformation into a flood hydrograph is performed using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph based on a number of return periods in one of the rivers flowing into Palu Bay, namely the Poboya River. The analysis results show that the design rainfall graphs with both extreme rainfall and without extreme rainfall are identical at the low return period and divergent at the high return period with a difference of up to 21.6% at the 1000-year return period. Correspondingly, extreme rainfall has a greater impact at the peak of the flood hydrograph with increasing return periods ranging from -1.28% to 26.81% over the entire return period.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variability of Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) Curves in Arid Areas: Wadi AL-Lith, Saudi Arabia as a Case Study

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ibrahim H. Elsebaie ◽  
Mohamed El Alfy ◽  
Atef Qasem Kawara
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Idf Curves ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency

In arid areas, flashflood water management is a major concern due to arid climate ambiguity. The examining and derivation of intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves in an urban arid area under a variety of terrain patterns and climatic changes is anticipated. Several flood events have been reported in the Al-Lith region of western Saudi Arabia that took away many lives and caused disruption in services and trade. To find and examine the extremities and IDF curves, daily rainfall data from 1966 to 2018 is used. The IDF curves are created for a variety of return periods and climate scenarios in three terrain variabilities. This research examines various distributions to estimate the maximum rainfall for several metrological stations with varying return periods and terrain conditions. Three main zones are identified based on ground elevation variability and IDF distributions from upstream in the eastern mountainous area to downstream in the western coastal area. These IDF curves can be used to identify vulnerable hotspot areas in arid areas such as the Wadi AL-Lith, and flood mitigation steps can be suggested to minimize flood risk.

Perencanaan Sistem Pengurangan Sampah Permukiman Bantaran Sungai Cidurian Kota Bandung

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raka Maulana ◽  
Yulianti Pratama ◽  
Lina Apriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Waste Bank ◽  
The City

<p>Some areas in the city of Bandung is an area that dilitasi by the flow of the river, to prevent the introduction of garbage into the river basin is necessary to note the waste management systems in residential areas along the river. Cidurian river has a length of 24.86 Km along the river flow. Consists of the city of Bandung and Bandung regency. Administrative regions Cidurian River past eight (8) districts, from the region in the District Kiaracondong precisely Village Babakan Babakan Sari and Surabaya populous and the most densely populated. Thus, there should be community-based waste management in the form of a reduction in resources to prevent potential entry of waste into the river basin. Planning waste reduction will be divided into two, namely the reduction of inorganic waste with waste bank then the reduction of organic waste with absorption holes biopori, and bio reactor mini determination of the reduction is determined by the results of the analysis of the sampling covers the composition and garbage, then the result of the measurement characteristics test and analysis results questionnaire.</p>

RHEUMATOLOGIC PATIENTS HOSPITALIZATION FEATURES

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
A. S. Povzun ◽  
V. I. Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Care ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Current Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Institute

The purpose of the work was to study the nosological structure of rheumatologic patients hospitalized  in emergency hospitals. The analysis of the obtained distribution and its comparison with the structure  of patients at the Scientific Research Institute of emergency care named after I. I. Djanelidze and the City  Rheumatology Center were done. Determination of the current structure of hospitalization of rheumatologic  patients can serve as a basis of its forecasting for the subsequent periods.

Epizootological features of demodicosis in homeless animals in the city of Tyumen ЭПИЗООТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕМОДЕКОЗА У БЕЗДОМНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ В ГОРОДЕ ТЮМЕНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
The City

Широкое распространение безнадзорных животных на территории городов несет за собой потенциальную угрозу распространения зооантропонозных заболеваний, одним из которых является демодекоз. Невозможно разработать мероприятия, направленные на борьбу с заболеванием и его профилактику, без анализа данных особенностей возникновения и распространения инвазии среди всей популяции восприимчивых животных. Поэтому целью нашей работы явилось изучение распространения демодекоза среди безнадзорных собак и кошек в городе Тюмени. В задачи исследования входило изучение распространения демодекоза и его клинического проявления среди бездомных собак и кошек в условиях города Тюмени и определение сезонной динамики заболевания. Работу выполняли в 2016-2018 гг. на базе кафедры анатомии и физиологии ФГБОУ ВО ГАУ Северного Зауралья, в лаборатории акарологии ВНИИВЭА – филиала ТюмНЦ СО РАН, а также в производственных условиях на базе пункта временного содержания безнадзорных домашних животных МКУ «ЛесПаркХоз». Демодекозная инвазия распространена среди бездомных кошек и собак. Наиболее часто демодекоз встречается у собак, экстенсивность инвазии от 0,65 до 0,72%. Заболевание демодекозом у бездомных собак регистрировали на протяжении всего года, но 54,6% больных собак поступали в апреле и мае. Большинство больных демодекозом – это молодые собаки в возрасте от 1,5 месяцев до 2-х лет – 75,76%, животные старше двух лет гораздо реже страдали от демодекоза – 24,24%. Генерализацию демодекоза регистрировали у 21 собаки (63,64%), а локализованные очаги – у 12 собак (36,36%). Наиболее распространенной формой проявления демодекоза у бездомных собак является пустулезная, или пиодемодекоз. Данная форма заболевания была отмечена у 16 собак (48,49%), чешуйчатая форма отмечалась у 10 собак (30,30%), а смешанная – у 7 собак (21,21%). The widespread use of stray animals in urban areas carries with it the potential threat of the spread of zooanthroponotic diseases, one of which is demodicosis. It is impossible to develop measures aimed at combating the disease and its prevention without analyzing the data on the characteristics of the occurrence and spread of invasion among the entire population of susceptible animals. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the distribution of demodicosis among street dogs and cats in the city of Tyumen. The objectives of the study included the study of the spread of demodicosis and its clinical manifestation among stray dogs and cats in the conditions of the city of Tyumen and the determination of the seasonal dynamics of the disease. Demodectic invasion is common among stray cats and dogs. Most often, demodicosis occurs in dogs, with extensive invasion from 0.65 to 0.72%. Demodecosis in stray dogs was recorded throughout the year, but 54.6% of sick dogs were reported in April and May. The majority of patients with demodicosis are young dogs between the ages of 1.5 months and 2 years old - 75.76%, animals older than two years suffer less from demodicosis, only 24.24%. Generalization of demodicosis was recorded in 21 dogs (63.64%), and localized foci in 12 dogs (36.36%). The most common form of demodicosis in stray dogs is pustular or pyodemodecosis. This form of the disease was observed in 16 dogs (48.49%), scaly form, was observed in 10 dogs (30.30%), and mixed in 7 dogs (21.21%).

Forecasting the fl ood situation using space images in the city of Tavda Sverdlovsk region

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
A.S. Bruskova ◽  
T.I. Levitskaya ◽  
D.M. Haydukova
Keyword(s):  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Geoinformation System ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Geoinformation Systems ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The City

Flooding is a dangerous phenomenon, causing emergency situations and causing material damage, capable of damaging health, and even death of people. To reduce the risk and economic damage from flooding, it is necessary to forecast flooding areas. An effective method of forecasting emergency situations due to flooding is the method of remote sensing of the Earth with integration into geoinformation systems. With the help of satellite imagery, a model of flooding was determined based on the example of Tavda, the Sverdlovsk Region. Space images are loaded into the geoinformation system and on their basis a series of thematic layers is created, which contains information about the zones of possible flooding at given water level marks. The determination of the area of flooding is based on the calculation of the availability of maximum water levels at hydrological stations. According to the calculated security data, for each hydrological post, flood zones are constructed by interpolation between pre-calculated flood zones of standard security. The results of the work can be used by the Main Directorate of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Russia for the Sverdlovsk Region.

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