scholarly journals Effects of a Smartphone-Based Approach-Avoidance Intervention on Chocolate Craving and Consumption: Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/12298 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e12298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Meule ◽  
Anna Richard ◽  
Radomir Dinic ◽  
Jens Blechert
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
High Calorie

Background Repeatedly pushing high-calorie food stimuli away based on joystick movements has been found to reduce approach biases toward these stimuli. Some studies also found that such avoidance training reduced consumption of high-calorie foods. Objective This study aimed to test effects of a smartphone-based approach-avoidance intervention on chocolate craving and consumption, to make such interventions suitable for daily use. Methods Within a 10-day period, regular chocolate eaters (n=105, 86% female) performed five sessions during which they continuously avoided (ie, swiped upward) chocolate stimuli (experimental group, n=35), performed five sessions during which they approached and avoided chocolate stimuli equally often (placebo control group, n=35), or did not perform any training sessions (inactive control group, n=35). Training effects were measured during laboratory sessions before and after the intervention period and further continuously through daily ecological momentary assessment. Results Self-reported chocolate craving and consumption as well as body fat mass significantly decreased from pre- to postmeasurement across all groups. Ecological momentary assessment reports evidenced no differences in chocolate craving and consumption between intervention days and rest days as a function of the group. Conclusions A smartphone-based approach-avoidance training did not affect eating-related and anthropometric measures over and above measurement-based changes in this study. Future controlled studies need to examine whether other techniques of modifying food approach tendencies show an add-on benefit over conventional, monitoring-based intervention effects. Trial Registration AsPredicted 8203; https://aspredicted.org/pt9df.pdf.

scholarly journals Effects of a Smartphone-Based Approach-Avoidance Intervention on Chocolate Craving and Consumption: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Meule ◽  
Anna Richard ◽  
Radomir Dinic ◽  
Jens Blechert
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
High Calorie

BACKGROUND Repeatedly pushing high-calorie food stimuli away based on joystick movements has been found to reduce approach biases toward these stimuli. Some studies also found that such avoidance training reduced consumption of high-calorie foods. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test effects of a smartphone-based approach-avoidance intervention on chocolate craving and consumption, to make such interventions suitable for daily use. METHODS Within a 10-day period, regular chocolate eaters (n=105, 86% female) performed five sessions during which they continuously avoided (ie, swiped upward) chocolate stimuli (experimental group, n=35), performed five sessions during which they approached and avoided chocolate stimuli equally often (placebo control group, n=35), or did not perform any training sessions (inactive control group, n=35). Training effects were measured during laboratory sessions before and after the intervention period and further continuously through daily ecological momentary assessment. RESULTS Self-reported chocolate craving and consumption as well as body fat mass significantly decreased from pre- to postmeasurement across all groups. Ecological momentary assessment reports evidenced no differences in chocolate craving and consumption between intervention days and rest days as a function of the group. CONCLUSIONS A smartphone-based approach-avoidance training did not affect eating-related and anthropometric measures over and above measurement-based changes in this study. Future controlled studies need to examine whether other techniques of modifying food approach tendencies show an add-on benefit over conventional, monitoring-based intervention effects. CLINICALTRIAL AsPredicted 8203; https://aspredicted.org/pt9df.pdf.

scholarly journals Use of ecological momentary assessment to detect variability in mood, sleep and stress in bipolar disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Dahlia Mukherjee ◽  
Venkatesh Basappa Krishnamurthy ◽  
Caitlin Millett ◽  
Kelly A. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Objective Our aim was to study within-person variability in mood, cognition, energy, and impulsivity measured in an Ecological Momentary Assessment paradigm in bipolar disorder by using modern statistical techniques. Exploratory analyses tested the relationship between bipolar disorder symptoms and hours of sleep, and levels of pain, social and task-based stress. We report an analysis of data from a two-arm, parallel group study (bipolar disorder group N = 10 and healthy control group N = 10, with 70% completion rate of 14-day surveys). Surveys of bipolar disorder symptoms, social stressors and sleep hours were completed on a smartphone at unexpected times in an Ecological Momentary Assessment paradigm twice a day. Multi-level models adjusted for potential subject heterogeneity were adopted to test the difference between the bipolar disorder and health control groups. Results Within-person variability of mood, energy, speed of thoughts, impulsivity, pain and perception of skill of tasks was significantly higher in the bipolar disorder group compared to health controls. Elevated bipolar disorder symptom domains in the evening were associated with reduced sleep time that night. Stressors were associated with worsening of bipolar disorder symptoms. Detection of symptoms when an individual is experiencing difficulty allows personalized, focused interventions.

scholarly journals Refining an algorithm-powered just-in-time adaptive weight control intervention: A randomized controlled trial evaluating model performance and behavioral outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2315-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie P Goldstein ◽  
J Graham Thomas ◽  
Gary D Foster ◽  
Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy ◽  
Meghan L Butryn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Algorithm Performance ◽  
Assessment Survey ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Suboptimal weight losses are partially attributable to lapses from a prescribed diet. We developed an app (OnTrack) that uses ecological momentary assessment to measure dietary lapses and relevant lapse triggers and provides personalized intervention using machine learning. Initially, tension between user burden and complete data was resolved by presenting a subset of lapse trigger questions per ecological momentary assessment survey. However, this produced substantial missing data, which could reduce algorithm performance. We examined the effect of more questions per ecological momentary assessment survey on algorithm performance, app utilization, and behavioral outcomes. Participants with overweight/obesity ( n = 121) used a 10-week mobile weight loss program and were randomized to OnTrack-short (i.e. 8 questions/survey) or OnTrack-long (i.e. 17 questions/survey). Additional questions reduced ecological momentary assessment adherence; however, increased data completeness improved algorithm performance. There were no differences in perceived effectiveness, app utilization, or behavioral outcomes. Minimal differences in utilization and perceived effectiveness likely contributed to similar behavioral outcomes across various conditions.

scholarly journals Can we use Ecological Momentary Assessment for real-world patients with schizophrenia? A study of acceptability of the passive smartphone-based app Evidence-Based Behavior (eB2). (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier-David Lopez-Morinigo ◽  
María Luisa Barrigón ◽  
Alejandro Porras-Segovia ◽  
Verónica González Ruiz-Ruano ◽  
Adela Sánchez Escribano Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Premorbid Adjustment ◽  
Cognitive Insight ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) tools collect real-time data on patients’ behaviour and functioning and may be useful interventions. However, concerns have been voiced regarding acceptability of EMA among patients with schizophrenia and what may underlie this remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate acceptability of a passive smartphone-based EMA app, the Evidence-Based Behavior (eB2), among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and putative variables underlying this. METHODS Participants came from an ongoing randomised controlled trial (RCT) of metacognitive training - outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) (F20-29-ICD10 codes), age 18-64 - none of whom received any financial compensation. Those who consented to installation of the eB2 app (users) were compared with those who did not (non-users) in sociodemographic, clinical, premorbid adjustment (Premorbid Adjustment Scale -PAS-), neurocognitive, psychopathological, insight and metacognitive variables. A multivariable binary logistic regression tested the influence of the above (independent) variables on ‘being user vs. non-user’ (acceptability), which was the main outcome measure. RESULTS Out of N=77 RCT participants, n=24 subjects (31%) consented to eB2, which remained installed at the end of the study (median follow-up=14.50 weeks) in n=14 subjects (70%). Users were younger and had a high education level, better premorbid adjustment, better executive function (according to the Trail Making Test) and higher cognitive insight levels (measured with the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale) than non-users (univariate analyses), although only age (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-0.99; P=.048) and early adolescence PAS (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61-0.93; P=.010) survived the multivariable regression model, thus predicting eB2 acceptability. CONCLUSIONS Acceptability of a passive smartphone-based EMA app among SSD participants in this RCT where no participant received financial compensation was, as expected, relatively low, and linked with being young and good premorbid adjustment. Further research should examine how to increase EMA acceptability to SSD patients, particularly older participants and those with poor premorbid adjustment. CLINICALTRIAL This stusy is part of a randmised controlled trial which has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04104347) since the 26/09/2019. URL of registry https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04104347

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