scholarly journals Rhetorical Appeals and Tactics in New York Times Comments About Vaccines: Qualitative Analysis

10.2196/19504 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e19504
Author(s):  
John Gallagher ◽  
Heidi Y Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Rhetorical Appeals ◽  
Insight Into

Background Improving persuasion in response to vaccine skepticism is a long-standing problem. Elective nonvaccination emerging from skepticism about vaccine safety and efficacy jeopardizes herd immunity, exposing those who are most vulnerable to the risk of serious diseases. Objective This article analyzes vaccine sentiments in the New York Times as a way of improving understanding of why existing persuasive approaches may be ineffective and offers insight into how existing methods might be improved. We categorize pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine arguments, offering an in-depth analysis of pro-vaccine appeals and tactics in particular to enhance current understanding of arguments that support vaccines. Methods Qualitative thematic analyses were used to analyze themes in rhetorical appeals across 808 vaccine-specific comments. Pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine comments were categorized to provide a broad analysis of the overall context of vaccine comments across viewpoints, with in-depth rhetorical analysis of pro-vaccine comments to address current gaps in understanding of pro-vaccine arguments in particular. Results Appeals across 808 anti-vaccine and pro-vaccine comments were similar, though these appeals diverged in tactics and conclusions. Anti-vaccine arguments were more heterogeneous, deploying a wide range of arguments against vaccines. Additional analysis of pro-vaccine comments reveals that these comments use rhetorical strategies that could be counterproductive to producing persuasion. Pro-vaccine comments more frequently used tactics such as ad hominem arguments levied at those who refuse vaccines or used appeals to science to correct beliefs in vaccine skepticism, both of which can be ineffective when attempting to persuade a skeptical audience. Conclusions Further study of pro-vaccine argumentation appeals and tactics could illuminate how persuasiveness could be improved in online forums.

scholarly journals Rhetorical Appeals and Tactics in New York Times Comments About Vaccines: Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gallagher ◽  
Heidi Y Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Rhetorical Appeals ◽  
Insight Into

BACKGROUND Improving persuasion in response to vaccine skepticism is a long-standing problem. Elective nonvaccination emerging from skepticism about vaccine safety and efficacy jeopardizes herd immunity, exposing those who are most vulnerable to the risk of serious diseases. OBJECTIVE This article analyzes vaccine sentiments in the New York Times as a way of improving understanding of why existing persuasive approaches may be ineffective and offers insight into how existing methods might be improved. We categorize pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine arguments, offering an in-depth analysis of pro-vaccine appeals and tactics in particular to enhance current understanding of arguments that support vaccines. METHODS Qualitative thematic analyses were used to analyze themes in rhetorical appeals across 808 vaccine-specific comments. Pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine comments were categorized to provide a broad analysis of the overall context of vaccine comments across viewpoints, with in-depth rhetorical analysis of pro-vaccine comments to address current gaps in understanding of pro-vaccine arguments in particular. RESULTS Appeals across 808 anti-vaccine and pro-vaccine comments were similar, though these appeals diverged in tactics and conclusions. Anti-vaccine arguments were more heterogeneous, deploying a wide range of arguments against vaccines. Additional analysis of pro-vaccine comments reveals that these comments use rhetorical strategies that could be counterproductive to producing persuasion. Pro-vaccine comments more frequently used tactics such as ad hominem arguments levied at those who refuse vaccines or used appeals to science to correct beliefs in vaccine skepticism, both of which can be ineffective when attempting to persuade a skeptical audience. CONCLUSIONS Further study of pro-vaccine argumentation appeals and tactics could illuminate how persuasiveness could be improved in online forums.

Media Coverage and Solidarity after Tragedies: The Reporting of School Shootings in Two Nations

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hawdon ◽  
James Hawdon ◽  
Atte Oksanen ◽  
James Hawdon ◽  
Atte Oksanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Virginia Tech ◽  
School Shootings ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
The Media ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Although considerable research analyzes the media coverage of school shootings, there is a lack of cross-national comparative studies. Yet, a cross-national comparison of the media coverage of school shootings can provide insight into how this coverage can affect communities. Our research focuses on the reporting of the school shootings at Virginia Tech in the U.S. and Jokela and Kauhajoki in Finland. Using 491 articles from the New York Times and Helsingin Sanomat published within a month of each shooting we investigate how reports vary between the nations and among the tragedies. We investigate if one style of framing a tragedy, the use of a “tragic frame,” may contribute to differences in the communities’ response to the events.

Myth and Terror on the Editorial Page: The New York Times Responds to September 11, 2001

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Lule
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
New York Times ◽  
September 11 ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Editorial Page

This article studies New York Times editorials in the aftermath of September 11 from the perspective of myth. After defining myth and reviewing a wide range of scholarship that approaches news as myth, this article considers the ways in which editorials can be understood as myth. Textual analysis shows that over the course of four weeks, the New York Times drew from four central myths to portray events: the End of Innocence, the Victims, the Heroes, and the Foreboding Future. More than editorial “themes” or political “issues,” these were myths that invoked archetypal figures and forms at the heart of human storytelling.

Presidential Voting Across the American States

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT A. JACKSON ◽  
THOMAS M. CARSEY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
National Survey ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
American States ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
Insight Into

In this article, we examine the variation in the importance of partisanship and ideology in structuring citizens' presidential vote choice across the United States. We use CBS/ New York Times Exit Polls from 18 states in 1984 and 24 states in 1988, along with the national polls from each year. Underlying national survey-based examinations of presidential voting (e.g., those based on the American National Election Studies) is the assumption that presidential voting “looks and works the same” across the United States. However, our results indicate marked variation in the influence of both partisanship and ideology on presidential vote choice across state electorates. Political characteristics of state electorates (e.g., mass polarization and mass liberalism) provide some insight into these differences. Furthermore, we discover some continuity from 1984 to 1988 within states in the nature of influences on their electorates' presidential voting.

scholarly journals Research on the Coverage of the Belt and Road Initiative and a Community with Shared Future for Mankind by Mainstream Media in the United States——Taking the three major mainstream media in the United States as an example

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Congjuan Yu ◽  
Jing Yan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Wall Street Journal ◽  
The Belt And Road

Since China put forward the Belt and Road Initiative and a community with shared future for mankind, mainstream media in the United States such as The Washington Post, The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal have given continuous reports. As the world’s superpower, the United States has a developed media system and a wide range of influence. The study extracted 173 valid texts from May 2015 to March 2020, among which only 5 reports were on a community with shared future for mankind. American media mainly reported from five aspects including economy, politics, cultural, security and environment, although there is no lack of certain sounds, there was more negative reports. It can provide a reference basis for our accurate response and creating a positive international public opinion environment that grasping the reporting trends on the Belt and Road Initiative and a community with shared future for mankind accurately.

scholarly journals Building the Great Recession News Corpus (GRNC): A contemporary diachronic corpus of economy news in English

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-Cruz ◽  
Antonio Moreno-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Financial Domain ◽  
Business Section ◽  
News Corpus

The paper describes the process involved in developing the Great Recession News Corpus (GRNC); a specialized web corpus, which contains a wide range of written texts obtained from the Business section of The Guardian and The New York Times between 2007 and 2015. The corpus was compiled as the main resource in a sentiment analysis project on the economic/financial domain. In this paper we describe its design, compilation criteria and methodological approach, as well as the description of the overall creation process. Although the corpus can be used for a variety of purposes, we include a sentiment analysis study on the evolution of the sentiment conveyed by the word credit during the years of the Great Recession which we think provides validation of the corpus.

Paging Paul Krugman: Toward a Topoi of an Exemplar Public Intellectual in the Natural and Physical Sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-104
Author(s):  
Michael J. Zerbe
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
New York ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
The Social

American economist Paul Krugman has become a highly influential public intellectual in the social sciences. The natural and physical sciences need a public intellectual like Krugman to make more effective arguments for the existence and urgency of climate change, the benefits of vaccine use, and other pressing issues. To demonstrate how such a goal can be achieved, this article presents a rhetorical analysis of Krugman’s public intellectual writing in The New York Times from 2013 to 2016. The substantial public impact of this body of work stems from Krugman’s use of rhetorical strategies that are both similar to and—more importantly—a departure from strategies used by other well-known public intellectuals in the sciences.

scholarly journals Under what circumstances could vaccination offset the harm from a more transmissible variant of SARS-COV-2 in NYC? Trade-offs regarding prioritization and speed of vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae-Young Kim ◽  
Anna Bershteyn ◽  
Jessica B. McGillen ◽  
R. Scott Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIntroductionNew York City (NYC) was a global epicenter of COVID-19. Vaccines against COVID-19 became available in December 2020 with limited supply, resulting in the need for policies regarding prioritization. The next month, SARS-CoV-2 variants were detected that were more transmissible but still vaccine-susceptible, raising scrutiny of these policies. In particular, prioritization of higher-risk people could prevent more deaths per dose of vaccine administered but could also delay herd immunity if the prioritization introduced bottlenecks that lowered vaccination speed (the number of doses that could be delivered per day). We used mathematical modeling to examine the trade-off between prioritization and the vaccination speed.MethodsA stochastic, discrete-time susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model with age- and comorbidity-adjusted COVID-19 outcomes (infections, hospitalizations, and deaths by July 1, 2021) was used to examine the trade-off between vaccination speed and whether or not vaccination was prioritized to individuals age 65+ and “essential workers,” defined as including first responders and healthcare, transit, education, and public safety workers. The model was calibrated to COVID-19 hospital admissions, hospital census, ICU census, and deaths in NYC. Vaccination speed was assumed to be 10,000 doses per day starting December 15th, 2020 targeting healthcare workers and nursing home populations, and to subsequently expand at alternative starting times and speeds. We compared COVID-outcomes across alternative expansion starting times (January 15th, January 21st, or February 1st) and speeds (20,000, 30,000, 50,000, 100,000, 150,000, or 200,000 doses per day for the first dose), as well as alternative prioritization options (“yes” versus “no” prioritization of essential workers and people age 65+). Model projections were produced with and without considering the emergence of a SARS-COV-2 variant with 56% greater transmissibility over January and February, 2021.ResultsIn the absence of a COVID-19 vaccine, the emergence of the more transmissible variant would triple the peak in infections, hospitalizations, and deaths and more than double cumulative infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. To offset the harm from the more transmissible variant would require reaching a vaccination speed of at least 100,000 doses per day by January 15th or 150,000 per day by January 21st. Prioritizing people ages 65+ and essential workers increased the number of lives saved per vaccine dose delivered: with the emergence of a more transmissible variant, 8,000 deaths could be averted by delivering 115,000 doses per day without prioritization or 71,000 doses per day with prioritization. If prioritization were to cause a bottleneck in vaccination speed, more lives would be saved with prioritization only if the bottleneck reduced vaccination speed by less than one-third of the maximum vaccine delivery capacity. These trade-offs between vaccination speed and prioritization were robust over a wide range of delivery capacity.ConclusionsThe emergence of a more transmissible variant of SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to triple the 2021 epidemic peak and more than double the 2021 COVID-19 burden in NYC. Vaccination could only offset the harm of the more transmissible variant if high speed were achieved in mid-to late January. Prioritization of COVID-19 vaccines to higher-risk populations saves more lives only if it does not create an excessive vaccine delivery bottleneck.

The Formulation of the “Platt” Amendment

1967 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejeune Cummins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Latin American ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Policy ◽  
Significant Measure

Some years ago during one of the periodic crises which characterize Inter-American relations, a New York Times analyst concluded that it was almost impossible to obtain unanimity in this country on Latin American policy. With some reluctance the writer added that it was also impossible to make any policy of the United States liked “ down there.” Certainly the “ Platt ” Amendment of 1901 was one of the most controversial hemispheric policies ever formulated by the United States. Later embodied in the so-called Permanent Treaty with Cuba (1903–1934), it has evoked a wide range of praise and vilification. Yet even a cursory analysis of the extensive literature relating to this significant measure reveals serious misunderstanding concerning it.

The Peasant Ghost

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 124-145
Author(s):  
Kameron McBride ◽  
Jordan Meyer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Collective Good ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Western View ◽  
Insight Into

This edition provides critical insight into the classic Japanese folktale comonly referred to as “The Ghost of Sakura.” Themes include the narrative of the feudal peasant, the cultural importance of the collective good, and the Western view of Japanese culture. We have also included two original essays by Mitford and an article from the New York Times in order to contextualize the cultural importance of this narrative on a global scale.

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