The anti-Green Pass rhetoric in Italy is shaped by anti-vaccine views and focuses on limitations of personal freedom: A social listening analysis on Telegram chats (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The recent introduction of COVID-19 certificates in several countries, including the introduction of a European Green Pass, has been met with protests and concerns by a fraction of the population. In Italy, the Green Pass has been used as a nudging measure to incentivize vaccinations, since unvaccinated people are not allowed to enter restaurants and bars, museums, or stadiums. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand and describe the concerns of anti-green pass individuals in Italy, the main arguments of discussion, and their characterization. METHODS We collected data from Telegram chats and analyzed with a mixed-methods approach the arguments and the concerns that were raised by the users. RESULTS Most individuals opposing the green pass share anti-vaccine views, but that doubts and concerns about vaccines are not often among the arguments raised to oppose the green pass. Instead, the discussion revolves around legal aspects and the definition of personal freedom. Further, we explain the nature of the dichotomy and similarity between anti-vaccine and anti-green pass discourse, and we discuss the ethical ramifications of our research, focusing on the use of Telegram chats as a social listening tool for public health. CONCLUSIONS A large fraction of anti-green pass individuals share anti-vaccine views. We suggest public health and political institutions to provide a legal explanation and a context for the use of the green pass, as well as to continue focusing on vaccine communication to inform hesitant individuals. Further work is needed to define a consensual ethical framework for social listening for public health.

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Generalizing about Public Health Interventions: A Mixed-Methods Approach to External Validity

Annual Review of Public Health ◽

10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044509 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 371-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Laura C. Leviton

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mixed Method ◽

External Validity ◽

Health Interventions ◽

Program Theory ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Mixed Methods Approach ◽

Population Impact ◽

Definition Of ◽

Context Features

Public health researchers and practitioners are calling for greater focus on external validity, the ability to generalize findings of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) beyond the limited number of studies testing effectiveness. For public health, the goal is applicability: to translate, disseminate, and implement EBIs for an impact on population health. This article is a review of methods and how they might be combined to better assess external validity. The methods include (a) better description of EBIs and their contexts; (b) combining of statistical tools and logic to draw inferences about study samples; (c) sharper definition of the theory behind the intervention and core intervention components; and (d) more systematic consultation of practitioners. For population impact, studies should focus on context features that are likely to be both important (based on program theory) and frequently encountered by practitioners. Mixed-method programs of research will allow public health to expand causal generalizations.

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Project on Elite Athlete Commitment (PEAK): IV. Identification of New Candidate Commitment Sources in the Sport Commitment Model

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.35.5.525 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 525-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tara K. Scanlan ◽

David G. Russell ◽

Larry A. Scanlan ◽

Tatiana J. Klunchoo ◽

Graig M. Chow

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

New Zealand ◽

Elite Athlete ◽

Mixed Methods Approach ◽

Sport Commitment ◽

Interview Method ◽

Definition Of ◽

Rugby Players

Following a thorough review of the current updated Sport Commitment Model, new candidate commitment sources for possible future inclusion in the model are presented. They were derived from data obtained using the Scanlan Collaborative Interview Method. Three elite New Zealand teams participated: amateur All Black rugby players, amateur Silver Fern netball players, and professional All Black rugby players. An inductive content analysis of these players’ open-ended descriptions of their sources of commitment identified four unique new candidate commitment sources: Desire to Excel, Team Tradition, Elite Team Membership, and Worthy of Team Membership. A detailed definition of each candidate source is included along with example quotes from participants. Using a mixed-methods approach, these candidate sources provide a basis for future investigations to test their viability and generalizability for possible expansion of the Sport Commitment Model.

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