Developing Reporting Guidelines for Studies of HIV Drug Resistance Prevalence: Protocol of a Mixed-methods Study (Preprint)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cristian Garcia ◽  
Nadia Rehman ◽  
Daeria O. Lawson ◽  
Pascal Djiadeu ◽  
Lawrence Mbuagbaw
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Reporting Guidelines ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Electronic Survey

BACKGROUND HIV drug resistance is a global health problem which limits the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Adequate surveillance of HIV drug resistance is challenged by heterogenous and inadequate data reporting, which compromises the accuracy, interpretation, and usability of prevalence estimates. Previous research has found that the quality of reporting in studies of HIV drug resistance prevalence is low, and thus better guidance is needed to ensure complete and uniform reporting. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to develop reporting guidelines for studies of HIV drug resistance by achieving consensus among experts on what items should be reported in these studies. METHODS We will conduct a sequential explanatory mixed methods study among authors and users of studies of HIV drug resistance. The two-phase design will include a cross-sectional electronic survey (quantitative phase) followed by a focus group discussion (qualitative phase). Survey participants will rate the essentiality of various reporting items, which will be analyzed in a validity ratio to determine the items that will be retained for further evaluation. Retained items will form a list of potential reporting items that will be reviewed in a focus group discussion informed by grounded theory to produce a finalized set of reporting items. RESULTS This study received ethics approval from the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (project number #11558) on November 11, 2020. As of March 2021, 46 participants provided informed consent and completed the electronic survey. In October 2021 nine of these participants participated in virtual focus group discussions. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide a reporting checklist for studies of HIV drug resistance by achieving consensus among experts on what items should be reported in these studies. The results of this work will be refined and elaborated on by a writing committee of HIV drug resistance experts and external reviewers to develop finalized reporting guidelines.

scholarly journals Analisis Penerapan Kurikulum Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi Berbasis Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 248-257
Author(s):  
Ami Kamila ◽  
Fatiah Handayani ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Quasi Experiment

Kurangnya pengetahuan remaja terkait kesehatan reproduksi masih menjadi permasalahan saat ini. Kelompok remaja seharusnya bisa disiapkan agar mampu menghadapi tantangan saat ini dan masa mendatang. Pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi yang terintegrasi dengan sistem pembelajaran di sekolah akan mampu menjangkau remaja yang diharapkan mampu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi dan menghindari perilaku berisiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rancangan dan efektivitas penerapan kurikulum kesehatan reproduksi berbasis program pada siswa SMP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed methods dengan sequential explolatory designs untuk kualitatif dan Quasi experiment dengan one group pretest-posttest design untuk kuantitatif. Rancangan kurikulum disusun berdasarkan hasil analisis kebutuhan melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil FGD menunjukkan bahwa sekolah tidak memiliki rancangan pembelajaran khusus untuk pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi sebelumnya. Adapun yang sudah dilaksanakan merupakan program kesiswaan yang dikhususkan untuk siswi saja. Pendidik yang terlibat dalam program tersebut merupakan guru matematika dan biologi serta belum pernah mendapatkan pelatihan khusus terkait pembelajaran kesehatan reproduksi. Selama ini  pembelajaran dilakukan dengan diskusi tanpa media gambar, sedangkan referensi yang dipakai adalah modul kesehatan reproduksi. Hasil analisa kuantitatif menunjukkan penerapan kurikulum pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi efektif dan memiliki pengaruh yang positif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa (Pv=0,000).

scholarly journals PENGARUH IKLAN DI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM TERHADAP MINAT BELI MASYARAKAT PADA E-COMMERCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Hartawan ◽  
Delfin Liu ◽  
Marc Richardo Handoko ◽  
Geraldo Evan ◽  
Handyanto Widjojo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Image Information ◽  
Research Findings

 Abstract: In line with the development of Instagram usage as social media, many companies advertise their offerings through Instagram to build consumers’ purchase intention through e-commerce. This research aims to explore and identify the factors on Instagram ads that significantly influence purchase intention on e-commerce. Mixed-methods are conducted through interviews, focus group discussion, literature review, and survey. The findings show that promotion, image, and information on Instagram significantly influence purchase intention through e-commerce. The e-commerce companies could benefit from the research findings to optimize their marketing communicationand increase the e-commerce transaction.    Abstrak: Dengan semakin berkembangnya penggunaan Instagram sebagai media sosial, maka banyak perusahaan yang memasang iklan pada Instagram untuk membangun keinginan membeli konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali faktor-faktor pada iklan di Instagram yang mempengaruhi minat membeli melalui e-commerce. Pendekatan mixed-methods dilakukan melalui wawancara, focus group discussion, tinjauan pustaka, dan survey. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh faktor promosi, gambar dan informasi pada iklan di Instagram terhadap intensi pembelian melalui e-commerce. Perusahaan e-commerce dapat meningkatkan transaksi e-commerce dengan mengoptimalkan faktor-faktor tersebut dalam strategi komunikasi pemasarannyaKeywords: Instagram, e-commerce, promotion, image, information   Kata Kunci: Instagram, e-commerce, promosi, gambar, informasi

scholarly journals Edukasi komunikasi politik dalam menciptakan kesadaran dan minat pemilih perempuan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Nia Sarinastiti ◽  
Petty S. Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perempuan melihat dan berpartisipasi dalam dinamika politik di Indonesia saat ini. Konsep yang mendasari penelitian adalah sosialisasi politik, partisipasi publik, preferensi dan kesetaraan gender karena di dalam menentukan preferensi seharusnya mendapatkan edukasi publik sehingga akhirnya menentukan tingkat partisipasi individu, dalam hal ini perempuan. Metode penelitian dilaksanakan secara mixed methods melalui survei, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan wawancara. Penentuan kategori adalah untuk melihat apakah terdapat perbedaan juga terhadap pengalaman dan preferensi pada kedua kelompok pemilih ini yang terkait pula pada perbedaan kelompok usia. Penyebaran survei dilakukan sebelum PILKADA 28 Juni secara online dengan menyertakan link pada website dan media sosial tertentu. Hasil sampling melalui penyebaran tersebut menghasilkan sejumlah 1,580 responden. Sedangkan untuk FGD dilaksanakan setelah berlangsungnya PILKADA, dengan tujuan untuk mengkonfirmasi temuan bagaimana para perempuan memahami program para kandidat, bagaimana minat muncul pada waktu PILKADA dan mengapa akhirnya memilih. Hasil analisis matriks menunjukkan bahwa banyak pemilih yang kurang terinformasi, padahal memiliki minat. Selain itu, minat perempuan memilih didasarkan pada keinginan menjalankan hak pilihnya dan minat pemilih didasarkan pada pemahaman terhadap rekam jejak calon melalui media online, televisi dan media sosial. Walau demikian masih ada kelompok pemilih perempuan lebih mengenal calon dari lingkungan keluarga, spanduk/baliho, koran, dan dari materi Komisi Pemilihan Umum. Sedangkan preferensi yang muncul untuk sifat pemimpin adalah jujur dan berintegritas, mempunyai pengalaman memimpin dan tegas, dan kedekatan dengan masyarakat.

Stakeholder Perspectives on an Inpatient Hypoglycemia Informatics Alert: A Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestoras Mathioudakis ◽  
Moeen Aboabdo ◽  
Mohammed Abusamaan ◽  
Christina Yuan ◽  
LaPricia Lewis Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Decision Support ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Group Sessions

BACKGROUND Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is a common occurrence among hospitalized patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Clinical decision support systems could be utilized to reduce the incidence of this potentially avoidable adverse event. OBJECTIVE To determine the desired features and functionality of a real-time informatics alert to prevent iatrogenic hypoglycemia in the hospital setting. METHODS Using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Five Rights of Effective Clinical Decision Support Framework, we conducted a mixed methods study using an electronic survey and focus group sessions of hospital-based providers. The goal was to elicit stakeholder input to inform future development of a real-time informatics alert to target iatrogenic hypoglycemia. In addition to perceptions about the importance of the problem and existing barriers, we sought input regarding the content, format, channel, timing, and recipient for the alert (i.e. the “Five Rights”). Thematic analysis of focus group sessions was conducted using deductive and inductive approaches. RESULTS A 21-item electronic survey was completed by 102 inpatient-based providers, followed by two focus group sessions (6 providers per session). Respondents universally agreed/strongly agreed that inpatient iatrogenic hypoglycemia is an important problem that could be addressed with an informatics alert. Stakeholders expressed preference for an alert that is non-intrusive, accurate, communicated in near real-time to the ordering provider and provides actionable treatment recommendations. Several electronic medical record tools, including alert indicators in the patient header, glucose management report, and laboratory results section were deemed acceptable formats for consideration. Concerns regarding alert fatigue were prevalent among both survey respondents and focus group participants. CONCLUSIONS The design preferences we identified from this study will provide the framework needed for an informatics team to develop a prototype alert for pilot testing and evaluation. This alert will help meet the needs of hospital-based clinicians caring for patients with diabetes who are at high risk of treatment-related hypoglycemia.

Developing A Mindfulness Based Smoking Cessation Smartphone Application For People Living With HIV: Results From a Mixed Methods Study of the Content Development. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghrid Asfar ◽  
Adam Carrico ◽  
Maria Luisa Alcaide ◽  
Deborah L. Jones ◽  
Amanda Perez Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Reducing Stress

BACKGROUND Half of people living with HIV (PLWH) are cigarette smokers. Stress and craving to smoke are two major predictors of smoking relapse in PLWH. Mindfulness is effective in reducing stress and controlling craving to smoke. Contingency Management (CM) improves cessation in hard-to-treat smokers. Smartphone applications (app) improve access to treatment. OBJECTIVE Guided by the Spiral Technology Action Research Model (Listen, Plan, Do, Act, Study), we sought to adapt an existing evidence-based mindfulness smoking cessation app “Craving to Quit” to PLWH. Appling user-centered participatory mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative design, this study involves “Listen” to PLWH smokers to adapt the content of the app, and “Plan” for the creation of the new app. METHODS We conducted 8 focus groups combined with a brief survey among PLWH smokers (n=59; 47.5% females; >18 years) receiving treatment at an academic clinic. Participants completed a brief survey, then were instructed to download the “Craving to Quit” app and received a demonstration explaining the app content. Focus group discussion explored previous quit attempts, thoughts concerning the app, and perception about adding CM and strategies to track adherence to HIV treatment in the app. Participants were also asked to practice 3 mindfulness exercises and watch 3 videos from the app presented on a big screen in the conference room to discuss their experience, reaction, and concerns. Sessions were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using NVivo. RESULTS Participants were mostly non-Hispanic black (67.8%), heterosexual (79.7%), on Medicaid (61.0%), heavy alcohol users (30.5%), and depressed (44.1%). In focus group discussion, participants reported multiple drug use (alcohol, marijuana) and being surrounded by smokers as tremendous challenges to quitting, and that nicotine replacement treatment was not helpful. Participants considered mindfulness (RAIN, body scan, loving kindness) helpful in reducing stress, and videos (habit loop, costs benefits, tripping on thoughts) as effective in motivating quit attempts. Participants felt it is necessary to make the app available for free, add information about smoking medications and the effects of smoking on HIV treatment. Participants were supportive of adding CM and considered receiving $20-$50 weekly cash incentives helpful in supporting quit attempts. Participants thought that adding strategies to track adherence to ART helpful, but a few were concerned about confidentiality in case they lost their phone. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this formative qualitative research underscore the need for comprehensive approaches to smoking cessation in PLWH that integrate mindfulness, short-term CM, and strategies to improve adherence to HIV treatment. Further clinical research is needed to test the feasibility and acceptability of comprehensive interventions to address smoking as a key driver of morbidity and mortality in PLWH. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

Positive impact of a telemedicine education program on practicing health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: A mixed methods study of an Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2110596
Author(s):  
Q. Jane Zhao ◽  
Dmitry Rozenberg ◽  
Sahar Nourouzpour ◽  
Ani Orchanian-Cheff ◽  
John Flannery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Care Workers

Introduction In addition to shifting and expanding clinical responsibilities, rapidly evolving information and guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult for health care workers (HCW) to synthesise and translate COVID-19 information into practice. This study evaluated whether a COVID-19-specific telemedicine education program (ECHO COVID) would impact health care workers’ self-efficacy and satisfaction in the management of patients with COVID-19. Methods A prospective mixed methods parallel-design study was conducted among ECHO COVID participants using pre-post questionnaires and a focus group discussion. Questionnaire results were examined for changes in health care workers’ self-efficacy and satisfaction. Focus group discussion data were analysed to explore health care workers’ experience in ECHO COVID and the context of their practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results 239 health care workers registered in ECHO COVID and 114 (47.7%) completed questionnaires and attended at least one ECHO COVID session. Median self-efficacy scores increased from 5 (IQR 4–6) to 6 (IQR 6–6) ( p < 0.0001), independent of profession, years in practice, age group, or practice environment. Participants were highly satisfied with ECHO COVID sessions with a median score of 4 (IQR 4–5). Focus group discussion data indicated that health care workers gained knowledge through ECHO COVID and revealed facilitators for ECHO COVID program success, including the transition to virtual care, the practicability of knowledge provided, and a ‘perspective from the trenches.’ Discussion This study demonstrated that a telemedicine education program aimed to support health care workers in managing patients with COVID-19 had a positive impact on health care workers’ self-efficacy and satisfaction. This impact was specifically mediated by the ECHO COVID program.

scholarly journals Health economic evidence in clinical guidelines in South Africa: a mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryke Wilkinson ◽  
Karen J. Hofman ◽  
Taryn Young ◽  
Bey-Marrié Schmidt ◽  
Tamara Kredo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Economic Evidence ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Mean Values

Abstract Background Evidence-informed clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are useful tools to inform transparent healthcare decision-making. Consideration of health economic evidence (HEE) during CPG development in a structured manner remains a challenge globally and locally. This study explored the views, current practice, training needs and challenges faced by CPG developers in the production and use of HEE for CPGs in South Africa. Methods This mixed-methods study comprised an online survey and a focus group discussion. The survey was piloted and subsequently sent to CPG role players - evidence reviewers, CPG panellists, academics involved with training in relevant disciplines like health economics and public health, implementers and funders. The focus group participants hold strategic roles in CPG development and health economic activities nationally. The survey evaluated mean values, measures of variability, and percentages for Likert scales, while narrative components were thematically analysed. Focus group data were manually coded, thematically analysed and verified. Results The survey (n = 55 respondents to 245 surveys distributed) and one focus group (n = 5 participants from 10 people invited) occurred between October 2018 and February 2019. We found the most consistent reason why HEE should inform CPG decisions was ‘making more efficient use of limited financial resources’. This was explained by numerous context and methodological barriers. Focus groups participants noted that consideration of complex HEE are not achievable without bolstering skills in applying evidence-based medicine principles. Further concerns include lack of clarity of standard methods; inequitable and opaque topic selection across private and public sectors; inadequate skills of CPG panel members to use HEE; and the ability of health economists to communicate results in accessible ways. Overall, in the absence of clarity about process and methods, politics and interests may drive CPG decisions about which interventions to implement. Conclusions HEE should ideally be considered in CPG decisions in South Africa. However, this will remain hampered until the CPG community agree on methods and processes for using HEE in CPGs. Focused investment by national government to address the challenges identified by the study is imperative for a better return on investment as National Health Insurance moves forward.

KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN MITIGASI KONFLIK MANUSIA-GAJAH DI RESORT BESITANG, TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER (SOCIAL-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND POLICY FOR MITIGATION HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT AT BESITANG RESORT OF GUNUNG LEUSER NATIONAL P

Inovasi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Kuswanda
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Response Unit

Salah satu habitat gajah yang masih tersisa adalah Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL), terutama di wilayah Besitang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik sosial ekonomi, kepemilikan lahan, pemetaan wilayah dan mitigasi konflik manusia dengan gajah di Resort Besitang, TNGL. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner, wawancara dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Analisis data menggunakan tabel frekuensi dan analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wilayah yang memiliki potensi konflik gajah di Resort Besitang adalah Daerah Halaban, Aras Senapal, Sekundur, Bukit Selamat dan Bukit Mas dengan intensitas konflik rendah sampai tinggi. Penyebab utama konflik manusia dengan gajah adalah fragmentasi kawasan hutan,  ketidakpastian status lahan di daerah penyangga, pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi dan meningkatnya pendatang di wilayah Besitang, perambahan dan ilegal logging yang terus terjadi, minimnya kesadaran masyarakat dan peranan lembaga desa dalam mendukung konservasi gajah. Rekomendasi resolusi mitigasi konflik gajah diantaranya: 1) memperbaiki habitat gajah yang sudah terfragmentasi di dalam kawasan TNGL; 2) meningkatkan peran Tim CRU (Conservation Response Unit); 3) membentuk unit reaksi cepat penanganan konflik gajah dengan melibatkan para pihak; 4) menanam jenis tanaman yang tidak disukai dan dijauhi oleh gajah; 5) mereduksi ketergantungan masyarakat akan sistem pertanian yang membutuhkan lahan yang luas; 6) mengembangkan program untuk membantu peningkatan hasil panen; dan,  7) penyuluhan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman bahwa gajah merupakan bagian dari ekosistem yang harus lestari.   Kata kunci: gajah, konflik, habitat, Besitang, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser

Komunikasi Pembangunan di Era Digital melalui e-Government dalam Pelayanan Publik dan Pemberdayaan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Rili Windiasih
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion

Perkembangan Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi di era globalisasi, demokratisasi dan desentralisasi sudah menjadi kebutuhan sekaligus tantangan khususnya bagi pemerintah daerah dalam komunikasi pembangunan untuk pelayanan publik dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus, dengan pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi, wawancara, pengamatan dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Subjek penelitian dipilih secara purposif yaitu pemerintah daerah di Eks-KaresidenanBanyumas Jawa Tengah, akademisi dan civil society. Penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis interaktif melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpuan dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Pentingnya komunikasi pembangunan dengan media teknologi informasi dan komunikasi melalui e-Government untuk meningkatkan pelayanan publik yang baik, cepat dan responsif, adanya partisipasi aktif dari publik dan transparansi baik anggaran serta program pembangunan. (2) Perlunya mengantisipasi adanya kesenjangan teknologi informasisehingga membutuhkan peningkatan kompetensi sumber daya manusia di pemerintahan daerah dan publik, serta memperluas fasilitas akses jaringan informasi.Kata kunci: komunikasi pembangunan, pelayanan publik, partisipasi, teknologi informasi, transparansi 

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