scholarly journals Hemp! Thread, cloth and a calendar

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Boertien
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Plant Fiber ◽  
Central Jordan ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hemp cultivation and hempen cloth is the main theme of this paper. Iron Age textile fragments from the Southern Levant indicate that most textiles were made of some kind of plant fiber. Traditionally this region was regarded as linen territory, and indeed most textile finds were registered as such. The difference between linen and hemp is difficult to tell even with a regular microscope. But when using a scanning electron microscope, the difference becomes visible. This technique sheds new light on the use of bast fibers in the region. A piece of fabric from Tell Deir Alla in the Jordan Valley was the first item that could be registered as hempen cloth from the Southern Levant. The textile fragment was found amidst the loom weights of the loom on which it was woven, which raises new questions. Was the textile made of local hemp grown in the Jordan Valley? To answer this question, the cultivation of hemp will be discussed in relation to soil and climatic conditions of the central Jordan Valley. To investigate if growing hemp would fit into the farmers year course a ‘Deir Alla Agricultural Calendar’ was designed, based on the Gezer Calendar, a Hebrew inscription on limestone dated to ca. 925 BCE. Finally stalks of fiber hemp and examples of hempen thread and fabric will reveal how the material looks and… feels.

The different influence of magnesite emissions on the surface waxes of Norway spruce and silver fir

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bermadinger ◽  
D. Grill ◽  
P. Golob
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Surface Waxes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dust Load ◽  
Scanning Electron

The difference in vigour between Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Abies alba Mill, in an area exposed to fine dust containing MgO is reflected in scanning electron microscope studies of the needle surfaces. The greater vitality of the silver fir is correlated with intact wax structures and a somewhat lower dust load. In contrast, the spruce reveals a marked effect on the epicuticular wax by a heavy fine-dust load. Possible causes and physiological consequences are discussed.

A Scanning Electron Microscope With Two Secondary Electron Detectors and Its Application to the Surface Topography Measurements of Magnetic Media

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tanaka ◽  
K. Nishimori ◽  
K. Maeda ◽  
J. Matsuda ◽  
M. Hotta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Surface Gradient ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) with two secondary electron detectors is applied for the surface topography measurement of magnetic media. The principle of gradient determination of the SEM is based on a relation that the difference in the square signals between the two detectors is linearly proportional to surface gradient. The great advantage of the instrument is the capability of relocation for profiling. It is extremely useful for the examination of wear process at a fixed position in a sequential manner during wear testing. This is demonstrated by two sample data of measurement on thin film rigid disks.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation of Platelets in Hemostasis

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 168-182
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Shimamoto ◽  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Shed Blood ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Solution ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryTo observe the very early changes in platelets during hemostasis, exposed carotid arteries of 3 rabbits were punctured with a needle, immediately fixed by 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution and their inner surface examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Many platelets adhered in each case to the inner surface of the artery around the wound and all of them, whether solitary or aggregated, showed a spheroidal form with several pseudopodia.Platelets in shed blood from the incised ear vein of 3 control and 3 heparinized rabbits were fixed by glutaraldehyde and observed by SEM. The percentage of aggregated platelets was 60.9% in the control and 84.1 % in the heparinized rabbits immediately after the incision. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Sixty seconds after the incision, the percentages of aggregated platelets in the samples from the control and heparinized rabbits were 78.8% and 62.2% respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.01). In accordance with this phenomenon, the percentage of the number of flat platelets decreased and that of altered platelets increased in the control rabbits. In the heparinized rabbits, far fewer flat platelets and larger numbers of altered platelets were observed in the samples than in those of the control rabbits immediately after the bleeding. However, 15 or 30 seconds later, the platelets of the heparinized rabbits showed fewer changes than those of the control.

Considerations in Making Stereo Micrographs with the Scanning Electron Microscope - Positioning the Stereo Window

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Earl R. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

A variety of factors must be controlled in order to obtain stereo micrograph pairs with the SEM which provide maximum effectiveness along with ease of viewing. These include the following:1. Where possible, micrographs should be sharp from edge to edge. This may require the use of an Autofocus attachment although somewhat the same effect can be obtained by maintaining the point of sharpest focus near opposite edges of the two micrographs forming the stereo pair.2. The difference in tilt angle between the two micrographs of the pair should be kept in the 4to 6° range to provide a normal perspective.3. Micrographs forming a stereo pair should be made at relatively low tilt angles to prevent large differences in the field of view of the two micrographs and to minimize the left to right magnification variations.

Interdiffusion Studies in the Co-Sb System

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Amudha Armugam ◽  
Ravi Raju ◽  
Varun Baheti
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Bulk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
Homologous Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Homologous Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

CoSb based compounds have gained much importance in the fields of thermoelectric devices. In this work, we have conducted the solid–state conventional bulk diffusion couple experiments. To study the phase evolutions, Co/Sb diffusion couples are annealed at 450–550 °C. The interdiffusion zone is analysed using field emission gun equipped scanning electron microscope and the composition measurements are done in electron probe micro−analyser to confirm the growth of various product phases. The marker experiment indicates that the CoSb3 phase grows mainly by diffusion of Sb in the binary Co–Sb system. Growth of the CoSb3 phase is discussed based on assessment correlating the difference in mobilities of species with the high homologous temperature, crystal structure of the phase, and the concept of sublattice diffusion mechanism in line compounds.

Etching Techniques and the Surface Morphology of the Gunflint Chert

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
A. H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Energy Dispersive Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Etch Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Samples of the Gunflint Chert (2.0 billion years old), collected near Kakabeca Falls, Ontario by Dr. L. P. Knauth, have yielded several distinct and recurring morphologies when in hydrofluoric acid of varying concentrations for varying lengths of time, and viewed with a scanning electron microscope.The chert is entirely siliceous, with the exception of minor calcareous lenses identified by energy dispersive analysis. Previous studies of the Gunflint Chert have been made using TEM however SEM offers a three dimensional view which greatly aids interpretation.The samples were prepared by fracturing followed by etching in HF for 30 seconds to 48 hours with concentrations varying from .5% to 30%. It appears that the optimum concentration and etch time varies according to the particular morphology one wishes to develop. This is due to the difference in response to HF by the different textures in the rocks.

Mechanisms of Superplasticity in Titanium Alloys: Measurement, In Situ Observations and Rationalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Alabort ◽  
Daniel Barba ◽  
Roger Reed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Surface Observations ◽  
Scanning Electron

Surface observations are used to elucidate the deformation mechanisms responsible forsuperplasticity in the Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-4Al-2.5V-1.5Fe titanium alloys. First, stress relaxation testsare used to quantify the difference in superplastic behaviour of each alloy. Then, high-temperature insitutensile tests are performed in the scanning electron microscope at 700, 800, and 900°C to relatedifferences in formability to micro-mechanisms. These are found highly dependent on: (i) the grainsize; (ii) the alpha-to-beta volume fraction; (iii) the crystallographic texture; and (iv) the nature and angle ofthe dominant grain boundaries.

X-Ray Analysis of Forensic Samples, Using a Scanning Electron Microscope

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1206-1222
Author(s):  
Yel S Vasan ◽  
William D Stewart ◽  
J Bruce Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Layer Analysis ◽  
Forensic Samples ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract A scanning electron microscope equipped with a wavelength dispersive spectrometer and an energy dispersive analyzer was used to examine paint chips and glasses. Line profiles of the elements in the paint show the non-uniform distribution of the pigments and extenders and, in order to obtain reproducible intensity ratios, a large area of the sample must be scanned. Layer analysis of the paint chip is possible with the energy dispersive analyzer and the resulting elemental profiles can be used to identify the chips. The difference in sodium concentration among the glasses studied provides a means of identifying the glass, but care must be taken to avoid migration of the sodium ions in the glass during electron beam bombardment.

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