scholarly journals The Paradox of Incumbency: Patronage, Clientelism, and Incumbent Defeat in Village Chief Elections

PCD Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Norin Mustika Rahadiri Abheseka
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Club Goods ◽  
Village Elections ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Territorial Representation

This article examines the practices of  patronage and clientelism during village elections. Examining Mekarsari Village, Yogyakarta, this study finds that patronage strategies such as programmatic politics, vote buying, club goods, and individual gifts were used by all candidates during village elections owing to the lack of  strong social bonds between candidates and voters. The incumbent with all advantages and access to material resources also used patronise and clientelism as strategy, but in fact, it cannot guarantee they win the election. This suggests that the societal relationships and practices of  patronage and clientelism continue to affect voter’s preference. Applying sociological, psychological, and rational approaches to understanding voter behaviour especially in Java, the study found that, apart from the instrumental and social distance considerations, territorial representation also influenced voter’s preference at Village.

Democracy learning, election quality and voter turnout

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonglong Zhang ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Linke Hou
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Individual Rationality ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Village Elections ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose – After two decades of village elections, the quality of village elections, rather than the utility of village elections, becomes the focus of current research. Based on nationally representative data at the village level, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of voting participation, focussing on the effect of election quality. The findings show that competitiveness, vote buying and manipulation are the key determinants significantly affecting village turnouts. The results are robust to alternative specifications. Design/methodology/approach – As discussed, the authors take three measures for villagers’ willingness to vote, e.g. raw turnout (RT), voluntary turnout (VT) and direct turnout (DT). The authors include four types of elements which affect the willingness to participate, the electoral quality, procedure and implementation, individual rationality, village social structure and villages’ level of modernization. The causal mechanism of elements and turnout can be written as: Turnout=f (election quality and procedure, individual rationality, mobilization structure, modernization). Findings – Competitiveness, vote buying and manipulation affect village turnout at significance level. More competitive elections tend to attract high participation of voting, and the effects on VT are the largest ones in magnitude, comparing with RT and DT, as well as manipulation. Village voters do not like to be fooled by nominal voting. If they recognize that elections are likely to be manipulated by township government, the turnout rates drop drastically. The effect associated with manipulation is larger than those associated with competitiveness and vote buying, indicating intervention from up-level government might block the improving process of election massively. Originality/value – It is the first paper that address the effect of election quality on vote participation.

scholarly journals Alternative financial instruments in the context of human-centered business development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Mykhailo DYBA ◽  
◽  
Iuliia GERNEGO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
National Level ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Alternative Investments ◽  
Material Resources

The essential characteristics of alternative financial instruments that can be involved in the development of human-centered business are substantiated as the theoretical background within our article. The peculiarities and classification of alternative investments in the context of strengthening human-centric business are substantiated. The key parameters of attracting financial resources through different types of alternative investments are identified. The article provides the analysis of social bonds’ issuing process for human development and the structural components of the mechanism of social bonds’ implementation. Different forms of social bonds’ manifestation depending on the specifics of their use at the national level are considered. The process of implementing the mechanism of social bonds is considered as the complex of the following components, namely: material resources of investors who are interested in solving social problems; approved at the state or regional level program of coordination of efforts aimed at solving social problems; the obligation of public authorities or specialized funds to make payments to investors for social goals’ achieving. A matrix of mezzanine financing characteristics is constructed, where a comparative characteristic of mezzanine financing, direct investments and debt financing is given. Examples of the use of Islamic finance instruments that have a human-centric spectrum of action are given. Conclusions on the specifics of the use of alternative financial instruments at the global level are provided. The potential of alternative investment development in Ukraine is defined.

scholarly journals BENTUK POLITIK UANG PADA PILKADA PROVINSI BENGKULU TAHUN 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dede Suprianto ◽  
Titin Purwaningsih ◽  
zaldi rusnaedy
Keyword(s):  
Vote Buying ◽  
Club Goods ◽  
Vote Trading

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang politik uang yang terjadi pada Pilkada di Provinsi Bengkulu tahun 2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan yang menjadi sasaran penelitian ini adalah Bawaslu, KPUD dan Tim Sukses. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentuk politik uang terdiri dari vote buying sebanyak 33 kasus, vote trading sebanyak 2 kasus dan club goods sebanyak 1 kasus. Semua laporan tersebut tidak ditindaklanjuti karena tidak memenuhi syarat formal dan materil serta kedaluwarsa, kecuai kasus PPK Singaran Pati yang digugat pasangan Sultan-Mujiono ke Mahkamah Konstitsi. Meskipun MK akhirnya menolak gugatan tersebut berdasarkan pertimbangan ambang batas suara antara pemohon dan peraih suara terbanyak dengan selisih diantara keduanya sebesar 14%.

The Myth of Vote Buying in India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep K. Chhibber ◽  
Rahul Verma
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
National Election ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Club Goods ◽  
Common View ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
Buying In

A common view is that in Indian elections parties, politicians, and voters are engaged in a quid-pro-quo in which citizens vote for a politician who offers them individual benefits. We find no evidence that voters exchange votes for benefits. In fact, ideology is a better predictor of the vote than the receipt of private or club goods. The use of cash is indeed widespread in India during election time but money is needed to build the campaign, to mobilize votes and for candidates, and to establish candidates’ credibility as leaders of import. We show this using the survey data from national election studies, a case study, and the results of a small experiment in Tamil Nadu.

scholarly journals Vote Buying, Village Elections, and Authoritarian Rule in Rural China: A Game-Theoretic Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Rural China ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Democratic Institution ◽  
Village Elections ◽  
Game Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Game Theoretic

Village elections are a democratic institution in one of the most resilient authoritarian regimes in the world. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has promoted village elections over the past twenty years, but not elections at higher levels. I present a game-theoretic model in which candidates would engage in vote buying when competing in a small electorate but not when competing in a larger electorate. The model's equilibrium outcome implies that the logic of China's introduction of village elections inherently limits this democratic reform to the grassroots level. Elections for higher levels of government would be dangerous to the regime because they would lead candidates to create substantive policy platforms and political organizations. Thus, rather than being an experiment that has failed to lead to further reforms, village democracy is self-limiting by design.

scholarly journals BENTUK DAN JARINGAN PATRON-KLIEN POLITIK UANG PADA PEMILU LEGISLATIF TAHUN 2019 DI KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Perhat Alfaz ◽  
Suswanta Suswanta
Keyword(s):  
Vote Buying ◽  
Club Goods ◽  
Pork Barrel

Politik uang dalam perhelatan pemilu legislatif tahun 2019 di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya adalah keniscayaan yang sulit dihindarkan. Jauh sebelum pemilu berlangsung, Bawaslu merilis Indeks Kerawanan Pemilu (IKP) 2019 sebagai upaya preventif terjadinya pelanggaran dalam pemilu. Berdasarkan hasil IKP 2019 Kabupaten Tasikmalaya memiliki tingkat kerawanan tinggi menempati urutan pertama dalam subdimensi kampanye dengan skor 77,08, dimana politik uang termasuk bagian di dalamnya. Pasca pemilu berlangsung, laporan pelanggaran banyak diterima Bawasalu, lima diantaranya menyangkut pelanggaran politik uang dan hanya ada satu kasus yang terbukti memenuhi syarat formil dan materil sehingga bisa sampai pada putusan pengadilan.Maksud dari penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengungkap bagaimana bentuk dan jaringan patron-klien politik uang yang terjadi pada pemilu legislatif tahun 2019 di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi literatur. Hasil penilitian mengungkapkan bahwasannya praktik politik uang dalam pemilu legislatif tahun 2019 di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya banyak terjadi, hanya saja ada yang dilaporkan secara resmi ke Bawaslu dan ada yang dibiarkan begitu saja tidak dilaporkan. Ada enam jenis politik uang yang ditemukan, diantaranya: Vote buying, Individual gifts, Vote Tradding, Club goods, Services and activities dan Pork Barrel Project. Dari keenam jenis politik uang tersebut, kasus yang paling dominan ditemukan adalah vote buying sebanyak lima laporan yang resmi diterima Bawaslu, dengan pola penyebaran praktiknya melibatkan tim sukses yang didominasi oleh jaringan keluarga dan jaringan sosial. Strategi politik uang juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap meningkatnya partisipasi pemilih di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. pada pemilu 2014 partisipasi pemilih di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya mencapai angka 65 persen dan terjadi kenaikan partisipasi pemilih pada pemilu serentak tahun 2019 menjadi 71 persen.

scholarly journals BENTUK POLITIK UANG PADA PILKADA PROVINSI BENGKULU TAHUN 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Dede Suprianto ◽  
Titin Purwaningsih ◽  
Zaldi Rusnaedy
Keyword(s):  
Vote Buying ◽  
Club Goods ◽  
Vote Trading

Artikel ini  menjelaskan tentang politik uang yang terjadi pada Pilkada di Provinsi Bengkulu tahun 2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan yang menjadi sasaran penelitian ini adalah Bawaslu, KPUD dan Tim Sukses. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentuk politik uang terdiri dari vote buying sebanyak 33 kasus, vote trading sebanyak 2 kasus dan club goods sebanyak 1 kasus. Semua laporan tersebut tidak ditindaklanjuti karena tidak memenuhi syarat formal dan materil serta kedaluwarsa, kecuai kasus PPK Singaran Pati yang digugat pasangan Sultan-Mujiono ke Mahkamah Konstitsi. Meskipun MK akhirnya menolak gugatan tersebut berdasarkan pertimbangan ambang batas suara antara pemohon dan peraih suara terbanyak dengan selisih diantara keduanya sebesar 14%.

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