scholarly journals An in vitro genotoxicity study of silver amalgam on Ames test

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Hassan ◽  
S.A Omar ◽  
Zaihan Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Silver Amalgam ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

Silver amalgam/Silverfil Argentum® is a ‘Malaysian made amalgam’ has already been approved to be free from cytotoxicity, however its genotoxic effect has not been explored yet as biocompatible material. The objective of this study was to identify the genotoxic characteristic of silver amalgam by using Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames test). This was a descriptive experimental study involving one strain of mutated Salmonella. The test material was evaluated in one mutated strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA1538 with and without an external metabolic activation system (S9 Mix). The bacteria were incubated for 48 hours at 37±0.5ºC before the colony growth or revertant colonies were counted. Data obtained were analyzed by using non-statistical method. The investigation of the genotoxic reaction on the test material revealed thatthe number of revertant colonies in both strains with and without S9 Mix were less than twice of the negative control even in the presence of high silver amalgam concentrations (5.0μg/ml). This study demonstratedthat the test material did not exhibit any mutagenic activity under the chosen conditions. Thus, silver amalgam could be considered to have no genotoxicity effect.

scholarly journals Wastewaters of meat-processing enterprise: assessment of genotoxic potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 18002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Ivanchenko ◽  
Rustem Khabibullin ◽  
Rahat Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Processing Enterprise

Environmental pollution and ecosystem dysfunction are one of the most important problems of the today’s world. Assessment of toxigenic properties of effluents from the meat-processing enterprise was carried out using the short-term microorganisms biotests in vitro. Both native waste water and its ether and water fractions were investigated. The probes’ sterilization was carried out by filtration through the sterile membrane filters Synpor with pores diameter of 0.45 m. Mutagenic activity of wastewaters was determined using the Salmonella/microsomes plate with in vitro metabolic activation and without metabolic activation (Ames test). As a metobolic activation the rat liver microsomes were used. Studying of the DNA-damaging activity was carried out using the suspension method modification on the mutant Escherichia coli strains, in which the functioning of one reparation systems is suppressed: uvrA-, recAand рol A-. Native waste water doesn’t have an influence on the mutant strains recAand рol A-, its survivability degree is in the range 96-100%. However, DNA-damaging action was registered for the strain with the damaged excision repair (uvrA-), survivability of which was 81.31%. Ames test of wastewater and its fractions didn’t reveal any mutagenic activity. The tests used in this work allow one to comprehensively estimate the genetic danger of the enterprise wastewaters within a short time and are recommended as test-systems for monitoring the ecological safety of wastewaters.

scholarly journals Mutagenic Tests Confirm That New Acetylacetonate Pt(II) Complexes Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Interacting with Nongenomic Biological Targets

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Angelica De Pascali ◽  
Federica Lugoli ◽  
Antonella De Donno ◽  
Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Selective Substitution ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways ◽  
Mutation Assay

New platinum(II) complexes [PtCl(O,O′-acac)(L)] (1) and [Pt(O,O′-acac)(-acac)(L)] (2) (, a; DMS, b) containing a single chelated (O,O′-acac) (1), or one chelated and one -bonded (-acac) acetylacetonate (2) have been synthesized. The new Pt(II) complexes exhibited high in vitro cytotoxicity on cisplatin sensitive and resistant cell lines and showed negligible reactivity with nucleobases (Guo and 5′-GMP) but selective substitution of DMSO/DMS with soft biological nucleophiles, such as L-methionine. In order to assess the ability of the new complexes with respect to cisplatin to induce apoptosis by interaction with nongenomic targets, the Ames' test, a standard reverse mutation assay, was carried out on two Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98 and TA100). Interestingly, the new complexes did not show the well-known mutagenic activity exhibited by cisplatin and are, therefore, able to activate apoptotic pathways without interacting with DNA.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mutagenic activity of the pesticides: actara, sencor, mospilan, pencozeb, fastac in the Ames test

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazira S Karamova ◽  
Alexandra P Denisova ◽  
Zenon Stasevski
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
S9 Fraction

The mutagenic activity of five pesticides actara, sencor, mospilan, pencozeb, fastac widely used for treatment of potato plant lands in Tatarstan was tested in the Ames test. The non toxic concentrations of the pesticides determined in preliminary cytotoxicty test were used in the Ames assay. Pesticides actara, mospilan, pencozeb, fastac did not show mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 without rat liver S9 fraction. The weak mutagenic effect of herbicide sencor was established at concentration 1 ug/plate. Metabolic activation in vitro using rat liver S9 fraction decreased the mutagenic activity of sencor and did not alter the mutagenicity rate of the pesticides actara, mospilan, pencozeb and fastac.

scholarly journals Assessment of experimental conditions affecting spontaneous mutation level of Salmonella strains used in the Ames test

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 736-743
Author(s):  
Olga V. Egorova ◽  
Yuliya V. Demidova ◽  
Nataliya A. Ilyushina
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting

Introduction. The bacterial reverse gene mutations test (the Ames test) is widely used to assess chemicals’ mutagenic activity. The spontaneous mutation level of test strains is a mandatory characteristic that has to be monitored in a laboratory performing mutagenicity studies using the Ames test. In this regard, it is important to assess the factors affecting the spontaneous mutation level in the experiment and, therefore, on the general conclusion on the test item mutagenicity. Material and methods. A plate incorporation test version was used both in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system. Results. We summarized the historical control data obtained in the laboratory in 2016-2020, determine the fluctuation limits in the number of revertant colonies for each strain, and identify the factors affecting the negative control variability. No significant differences were found in the spontaneous background of test strains when using DMSO or water as solvents, polypropylene or polystyrene tubes, as well as Petri dishes of different types. In the case of the TA1535, TA102 and TA100 cultures, no influence of the presence of the S9 mixture on the spontaneous reversion range was revealed (p≤0.05). Statistically significant differences in the number of spontaneous revertants (at + S9 or -S9) were found for the strains that allow detecting frameshift mutations, TA97 and TA98. It has been shown that the volume of the selective medium and the brand of gelling agent in its composition are important factors leading to the variability of the historical negative control. Conclusion. To ensure the quality of experiments according to the principles of good laboratory practice and the reliability of the data obtained using the bacterial reverse mutation method, it is necessary to standardize the operations in advance of experiments.

scholarly journals Mutagenic and Cytotoxic Activity of Insecticide Napoleon 4EC in Allium cepa and Ames Test

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Akyıl
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects

The objective of this study was to explore the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Napoleon 4EC pesticide used in Turkey to control insect pest by using two standard assays. The Allium cepa test was used for determined the cytotoxic effects of this pesticide. For this test, onion seeds were exposed to Napoleon 4EC (100, 200, and 400 ppm) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. For each test group root tip cells were stained with Feulgen and five slides were prepared for each concentration and counted microscopically. The concentrations Napoleon 4EC was compared with the value for the negative control using Dunnet-t test, 2 sided. The results indicated that mitotic index was clearly decreased with increasing the concentration of Napoleon 4EC in each treatment group as compared to the controls. The percentage of mitotic phases has been markedly impacted. Five different doses of the pesticide (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/plate) were examined with Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 with and without S9 metabolic activation for mutagenic activity. Ames test results showed a dose dependent effect, but not twice the negative control for S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, with or without S9 mix except 800 μg/plate doses. In 800 μg/plate doses, colony numbers are two-fold increase according to colony number of control group. So, this places the this compound as a weak mutagen according to the parameters.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Mutagenic Activity of Extracts of Brazilian Propolis in Topical Pharmaceutical Formulations on Mammalian CellsIn VitroandIn Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Marques Senedese ◽  
Aline Rafaela Rodrigues ◽  
Michelle Andrade Furtado ◽  
Viviane Dias Faustino ◽  
Andresa A. Berretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Topical Formulations

Propolis possesses various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and antioxidant properties. A topically applied product based on Brazilian green propolis was developed for the treatment of burns. For such substance to be used more safely in future clinical applications, the present study evaluated the mutagenic potential of topical formulations supplemented with green propolis extract (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6%) based on the analysis of chromosomal aberrations and of micronuclei. In thein vitrostudies, 3-h pulse (G1phase of the cell cycle) and continuous (20 h) treatments were performed. In thein vivoassessment, the animals were injured on the back and then submitted to acute (24 h), subacute (7 days) and subchronic (30 days) treatments consisting of daily dermal applications of gels containing different concentrations of propolis. Similar frequencies of chromosomal aberrations were observed for cultures submitted to 3-h pulse and continuous treatment with gels containing different propolis concentrations and cultures not submitted to any treatment. However, in the continuous treatment cultures treated with the 3.6% propolis gel presented significantly lower mitotic indices than the negative control. No statistically significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei were observed between animals treated with gels containing different concentrations of propolis and the negative control for the three treatment times. Under the present conditions, topical formulations containing different concentrations of green propolis used for the treatment of burns showed no mutagenic effect in either test system, but 3.6% propolis gel was found to be cytotoxic in thein vitrotest.

In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity Evaluation of Dental Leucite Glass-Ceramics from Local High Grade Silica Sand

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 979-984
Author(s):  
Siti Mazatul Azwa Bt Saiyed Mohd Nurddin ◽  
Malek B. Selamat
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Mutation Assay

The objective of the study was to determine the degree of biocompatibility of leucite glass-ceramics that have been produced from local high grade silica sand in terms of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays. In the present study, the cyctotoxicity and mutagenicity were studied using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) and Ames Reverse Mutation. In the MTT assay, a dose response cytotoxicity of leucite sample was evaluated in L929 cells. The cells were treated with the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.00, 100.00 and 200.00 mg/ml of the leucite sample for 24 hours. The cytotoxicity was determined by assessing the cell viability through the reduction of tetrazolium salts (MTT). The mutagenenicity of leucite sample was evaluated inS. typhiriumTA98. TA100, TA1535, TA1537 andE. coliWP2 in the Ames Reverse Mutation assay. Mutagenic effects were evaluated by comparing the mean number of revertant colonies of each extract concentraction with mean number of revertant colonies of the negative control. In results of MTT assay evaluated that the leucite did not show a cytotoxic effect at all concentrations under the condition of the study. Ames Reverse Mutation assay result proven that the leucite sample did not demonstrate a mutagenic effect under the condition of this study withSalmonella typhimuriumandEscherichia coli.

scholarly journals In vitro genotoxicity evaluation and metabolic study of residual glutaraldehyde in animal-derived biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-625
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Shi ◽  
Huan Lian ◽  
Yuanli Huang ◽  
Danmei Zhao ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Mouse Lymphoma Assay ◽  
Metabolic Mechanism ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Mouse Lymphoma ◽  
General Balance ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

Abstract Glutaraldehyde (GA) is an important additive that is mainly used in animal-derived biomaterials to improve their mechanical and antimicrobial capacities. However, GA chemical toxicity and the metabolic mechanism remain relatively unknown. Therefore, residual GA has always been a major health risk consideration for animal-derived medical devices. In this study, extracts of three bio-patches were tested via the GA determination test and mouse lymphoma assay (MLA). The results showed that dissolved GA was a potential mutagen, which could induce significant cytotoxic and mutagenic effects in mouse lymphoma cells. These toxic reactions were relieved by the S9 metabolic activation (MA) system. Furthermore, we confirmed that GA concentration decreased and glutaric acid was generated during the catalytic process. We revealed GA could be oxidized via cytochrome P450 which was the main metabolic factor of S9. We found that even though GA was possibly responsible for positive reactions of animal-derived biomaterials’ biocompatibility evaluation, it may not represent the real situation occurring in human bodies, owing to the presence of various detoxification mechanisms including the S9 system. Overall, in order to achieve a general balance between risk management and practical application, rational decisions based on comprehensive analyses must be considered.

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