scholarly journals Reaping the Rewards of Co-Operation. Franco-British Intelligence Sharing during the Gas War, 1915-1918

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanene Zoghlami
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Western Front ◽  
Intelligence Sharing ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Coalition Warfare ◽  
British Chemical ◽  
Archive Material ◽  
Global Reach

<em>Based on British and French archive material, this paper seeks to contribute to the limited “coalition warfare historiography” by exploring a neglected but revealing aspect of Franco-British chemical warfare between 1915-1918: Intelligence sharing. A contextual overview of the two allied intelligence services prior to and following the outbreak of war highlights their complementary strength and global reach. The tactical and strategic significance of French and British intelligence failures at the time of the first German poison gas attacks in April 1915 is examined and contrasted with subsequent allied experience. The discussion focuses upon the two most productive sources of allied intelligence information, mainly reports from secret agents and enemy prisoner of war interview digests. The volume, quality and detail of this material, and its importance to the Franco-British gas war effort are underlined. The article demonstrates how closely and effectively the two allies co-operated by exploiting their shared intelligence data to successfully anticipate German initiatives and to mitigate the searching battlefield challenge posed by an enemy whose technological superiority and resource advantages were evident especially during the earlier periods of the gas war on the Western Front.</em>

‘Japan Fight. Aboriginal People Fight. European People Fight’: Yolngu Stories from World War II

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Noah Riseman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
World War ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
War Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Australian Soil

Abstract Did you know that a Bathurst Islander captured the first Japanese prisoner of war on Australian soil? Or that a crucifix saved the life of a crashed American pilot in the Gulf of Carpentaria? These are excerpts from the rich array of oral histories of Aboriginal participation in World War II. This paper presents “highlights” from Yolngu oral histories of World War II in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory. Using these stories, the paper begins to explore some of the following questions: Why did Yolngu participate in the war effort? How did Yolngu see their role in relation to white Australia? In what ways did Yolngu contribute to the security of Australia? How integral was Yolngu assistance to defence of Australia? Although the answers to these questions are not finite, this paper aims to survey some of the Yolngu history of World War II.

A NEW SET OF FIRST WORLD WAR DIARIES FOR THE MESOPOTAMIA CAMPAIGN, FEBRUARY 1916 TO JUNE 1917

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Rory MacLellan
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
World War ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Western Front ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Two diaries written by a Territorial Force officer serving in Mesopotamia from 1916 to 1917 have been recently discovered. They contain valuable insight into the difficulties and dangers of life on campaign, an account of the action of As Sahilan (11 September 1916), and what appears to be a unique description of the escort of an Ottoman princeling to a prisoner-of-war camp. These diaries help shed light on a theatre of the First World War that is often overlooked in favour of the Western Front. This paper presents some of the most interesting entries and discusses their significance.

The ICRC and the Detention of Palestinian Civilians in Israel's 1948 POW/Labor Camps

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Abu Sitta ◽  
Terry Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Dual Perspective ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Moral Persuasion

The internment of thousands of Palestinian civilians in Israeli-run prisoner of war camps is a relatively little known episode in the 1948 war. This article begins to piece together the story from the dual perspective of the former civilian internees and of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Aside from the day-to-day treatment of the internees, ICRC reports focused on the legal and humanitarian implications of civilian internment and on Israel's resort to forced labor to support its war effort. Most of the 5,000 or so Palestinian civilians held in four official camps were reduced to conditions described by one ICRC official as “slavery” and then expelled from the country at the end of the war. Notwithstanding their shortcoming, the ICRC records constitute an important contribution to the story of these prisoners and also expose the organization's ineffectiveness—absent a legal framework as well as enforcement mechanisms beyond moral persuasion, the ICRC could do little to intervene on behalf of the internees.

Language, Speech, and Sound

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Webster
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
War Effort ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Global Reach

This chapter focuses on the place of speech and language in the experiences of people arriving in Britain, and in the formation of British attitudes to them. The presence of refugees, exiles, troops, and war-workers made Britain increasingly multilingual—their voices and accents changed British soundscapes. Changing soundscapes sometimes provoked hostility, with foreign speech heard as an alien sound labelled ‘jabber’. But the presence in Britain of people speaking a very wide range of languages was an asset to the war effort, particularly to wartime propaganda. Their work at the BBC was indispensable in the rapid expansion of services broadcasting to Europe and the world, giving BBC messages their global reach. English was widely regarded as occupying the apex of a hierarchy of languages, but the arrival of people from the English-speaking world with many different accents prompted debates about which kinds of English speech were more civilized than others.

6. The turning tide: autumn 1942–spring 1944

2014 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Gerard L. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
Western Front ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Shared Secret ◽  
The Mediterranean

‘The turning tide: autumn 1942 – spring 1944’ describes the key war strategies and battle results around the world that contributed to the Axis downfall. The Germans were spread too thinly in their battles in the Soviet Union, on the Western front, in the Mediterranean, and in North Africa. The fall of Mussolini in 1943, subsequent surrender of Italy, and rise in resistance movements in territories held by the Germans, Italians, and Japanese, all helped boost the Allied war effort, but the willingness of the Allies to coordinate their efforts was critical. While the Allies at times even shared secret intelligence, the Axis powers did nothing of the sort.

Medieval Departures

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Aaron Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Western Front ◽  
The Middle Ages

Using John Dos Passos’s first novel, One Man’s Initiation: 1917, the chapter explains how facial prosthetics were complicit in the unravelling of the Christian concept of the soul. Drawing on the author’s time in France as a volunteer ambulance driver, the novel shows a clear preoccupation with faces—faces of soldiers with prosthetic noses and jaws to cover the ones blown off in battle as well as those donning hideous masks as protection from chemical warfare. Such preoccupation calls into larger question what really is at the core of human identity. As protagonist Martin Howe adjusts to the realities of war on the Western Front, his recognition of different faces aids him in understanding that America, by joining the conflict in 1917, has itself undergone an initiation, wherein the Platonic and Christian idealism that once guided the western world since the Middle Ages has given way to a soulless materialism.

Past British chemical warfare capabilities

1996 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
G B Carter ◽  
Graham S Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
British Chemical
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