scholarly journals OPTIMATION OF ETHANOL CONCENTRATION IN EXTRACTION OF EUGENOL FROM GALANGAL RHIZOME

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Adi Yugatama ◽  
Nur Wahida Ardiyati ◽  
Ira Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Curve Equation

   Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the optimal ethanol concentration as solvent for extracting eugenol from galangal.Methods: Galangal rhizome extraction was conducted with kinetic maceration at 50°C with various ethanol concentration as solvent (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 96%). A 1:10 ratio of rhizome and ethanol was applied. The extract was obtained, then its eugenol concentration was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by thin-layer chromatography-densitometer with n-hexane:ethyl acetate (4:1) by using mobile phase and silica gel 60 F254 as stationary phase and applying a wavelength of 283 nm.Results: The result of qualitative analysis showed that extract of 70% and 96% ethanol had a spot with Rf value 0.63, which was equal to the Rf value of standard eugenol. Standard curve equation for the 70% ethanol extract was y=89318x+656.07 (r=0.9993) and for the 96% ethanol extract was y=8658x+1743 (r=0.9999). The result of the quantitative analysis showed that the 70% and 96% ethanol extract contained 4.85% and 4.79% eugenol, respectively.Conclusion: Extraction of galangal rhizome in 70% and 96% ethanol was positively containing eugenol. Highest eugenol concentration (4.85%) was obtained from galangal rhizome extraction in 70% ethanol.

scholarly journals Determination of New Antidepressants in Pharmaceuticals by Thin-Layer Chromatography with Densitometry

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatána Gondová ◽  
Iveta Petríková
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Simultaneous Separation ◽  
Tlc Plates ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A new and simple TLC-densitometry method has been developed for the simultaneous separation of the two noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants mirtazapine and mianserine and validated for their determination in commercially available tablets. The method used TLC plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase, and the mobile phase consisted of hexaneisopropanol25 ammonia (70 + 25 + 5, v/v/v). Densitometric analysis was carried out in the absorbance mode at 280 nm. The method was validated in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines in terms of linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy. Calibration curves were linear (R2 > 0.9970) with respect to peak area in the concentration range of 5002500 and 5005000 ng/spot for mirtazapine and mianserine, respectively. The LODs were 20 and 35 ng/spot for mirtazapine and mianserine, respectively. The described method was successfully applied to the determination of mirtazapine and mianserine in their pharmaceutical formulations with recovery ranging from 99.83 to 101.20 of the labeled amount of the compounds. The proposed method can be used in routine QC of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Analisis Kadar Kafein dalam Kopi Bubuk Lokal yang Beredar di Kota Palu

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Suwiyarsa ◽  
Siti Nuryanti ◽  
Baharuddin Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Caffeine Content ◽  
Coffee Powder ◽  
The City ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Caffeine Level

Analysis of caffeine level in local coffee powder that circulates in Palu city have been done. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of caffeine in local coffee powder, which is engaged in several markets in the city of Palu. Levels of caffeine in the study will be compared with the standard caffeine content according to the SNI 01-3542-2004, i.e. 0.45-2% w/w. The method used for qualitative analysis was the thin layer chromatography and for quantitative analysis was using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results of qualitative analysis of six local coffee powders A, B, C, D, E, and F showed each a Rf value between 0.32 to 0.40. Levels of caffeine (per 1 g of coffee powder) quantitatively ranging from brand samples A to F were 0.83, 2.06, 1.60, 2.63, 1.29, and 1.72%, respectively, percent level of caffeine of six samples of local powdered coffee, samples A, C, E and F in terms of SNI 01-3542-2004 were between 0.45-2.00% (w/w), while sample B and sample D exceeds 2% were 2.06% and 2.63%.

scholarly journals Determination of the Lipophilicity of Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketoprofen, and Flurbiprofen with Thin-Layer Chromatography

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Czyrski
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Regression Curve ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The lipophilicity is an important parameter that influences the activity of the drugs in the human body. The reversed phase high performance thin layer chromatography was applied to determine the Log P values of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, and flurbiprofen. The stationary phase used in the study was silica-gel coated plates. The mobile phase was the mixture of acetonitrile and water in different proportions. The content of acetonitrile varied in 5% increments from 50% to 80%. The Rm0 values were determined for the compounds with a known Log P and for the analyzed substances (ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and flurbiprofen). The Log P values were calculated for the analyzed compounds using the regression curve Rm0 = f(Log P) parameters for the compounds with the known lipophilicity. Flurbiprofen is characterized by the highest Log P value: 3.82. The lowest one is noted for ketoprofen: 2.66. The determined Log P values of tested compounds were similar to the values calculated by the software.

scholarly journals Pemisahan Senyawa Aktif Fraksi Petroleum Eter dan Etil Asetat Hasil Hidrolisis Ekstrak Etanol Hydrilla verticillata dari Ranu Grati Pasuruan

ALCHEMY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Suci Amalia ◽  
Ahmad Ghanaim Fasya ◽  
Faiqotul Hasanah ◽  
Dewi Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

<p><em><span lang="EN">Hydrilla verticillata</span></em><span lang="EN"> is one of water plants that has some bioactivities. The </span>presence of secondary metabolites in <em>H. verticillata</em> is responsible for the bioactivity. The purpose of this study was to determine and separate bioactive compounds from fraction of petroleum ether (PE) and ethyl acetate (EA) as a result of hydrolysis of <em>H. verticillata</em> ethanol extract. <em>H. verticillata</em> was extracted by maceration method using ethanol solvent, hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and partitioned respectively with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Crude ethanol extract, PE and EA fraction were identified their secondary metabolites. The phytochemical test results showed <em>H. verticillata</em> ethanol extract containing alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids. PE fraction contained steroids and terpenoids, while EA fraction contained flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. Analytical thin layer chromatography analysis showed n-hexane : ethyl acetate (4: 1) eluent as the best mobile phase for separating steroids. The preparative thin layer chromatography analysis of <em>H. verticillata</em> fraction using n-hexane : ethyl acetate (8: 2) as mobile phase resulted in 17 and 14 spots of PE and EA fractions, respectively.</p><p>Keywords: <em>Hydrilla verticillata</em>, thin layer chromatography, phytochemicals<em></em></p><p> </p><p><em>Hydrilla verticillata</em> merupakan salah satu tanaman air yang banyak memiliki bioaktivitas. Adanya metabolit sekunder pada H. verticillata yang bertanggung jawab terhadap bioaktivitas ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui <span lang="IN">dan memisahkan </span>senyawa aktif dari <span lang="IN">fraksi petroleum eter</span> (PE) <span lang="IN">dan etil asetat</span> (EA) <span lang="IN">hasil hidrolisis </span>ekstrak <span lang="IN">etanol </span>H. verticillata. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol, dihidrolisis dengan asam klorida dan dipartisi masing-masing dengan petroleum eter dan etil asetat. Ekstrak kasar etanol, fraksi PE dan EA diuji kandungan metabolit sekundernya. Hasil <span lang="IN">u</span>ji fitokimia <span lang="IN">menunjukkan </span>ekstrak<span lang="IN"> etanol</span>H. verticillata mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, triterpenoid, dan steroid. Fraksi PE mengandung steroid dan terpenoid, sedangkan fraksi EA mengandung flavonoid, steroid, dan triterpenoid. Hasil analisis KLTA menunjukkan eluen n-heksana : etil asetat (4:1) sebagai fasa gerak terbaik untuk memisahkan steroid.Hasil analisis KLTP fraksi H. verticillatamenggunakan perbandingan fasa gerak n-heksana : etil asetat (8:2) menghasilkan spot fraksi PE dan EA berturut-turut sebanyak 17 dan 14 spot.</p><p><span>Kata Kunci: </span><em><span>Hydrilla verticillata</span></em><span>, kromatografi lapis tipis, uji </span><span lang="IN">fitokimia</span></p>

scholarly journals ANALISIS PEWARNA RHODAMIN B PADA SAOS BAKSO TUSUK YANG BEREDAR DIBEBERAPA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA MANADO

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Balqis Muzdhalifah ◽  
Sri Sudewi ◽  
Gayatri Citraningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Synthetic Dye ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Rhodamin B ◽  
Color Visualization

ABSTRACTRhodamin B is a red synthetic dye commonly used as paper dyes, textiles or inks. Food products that are often added by Rhodamin B by irresponsible producers is sauce. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and levels of Rhodamin B found in skewers meatballs sold in several elementary schools in Manado City using Thin Layer Chromatography and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results of the study obtained that the results of the qualitative analysis using TLC obtained 5 sampels identified based on Rf value parameters and color visualization. Quantitative analysis of UV-Vis spectrophotometer produced Rhodamin B level values for each sample which was calculated using regression formula y = 0,0726 x + 0,0432 and R2 = 0,9957. The sample code A1 was 3,443 ± 0,080 μg/mL, B1 was 3,057 ± 0,150 μg/mL, B2 was 5,881 ± 0,170 μg/mL, C1 was 3,884 ± 0,130 μg/mL, and C2 was 4,517 ± 0,140 μg/mL. The conclusion in this study is that skewer meatballs circulating in several elementary schools in Manado City contains Rhodamin B. Keywords: Rhodamin B, Skewer Meatballs Sauce, Thin Layer Chromatography, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. ABSTRAKRhodamin B merupakan pewarna sintetik berwarna merah yang umum digunakan sebagai pewarna kertas, tekstil atau tinta. Produk pangan yang sering di tambahkan Rhodamin B oleh produsen yang tidak bertanggung jawab adalah saos. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan kadar Rhodamin B yang terdapat pada saos bakso tusuk yang dijajakan pada beberapa Sekolah Dasar di Kota Manado menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa hasil analisis secara  kualitatif menggunakan KLT diperoleh  5 sampel teridentifikasi berdasarkan parameter nilai Rf dan visualisasi warna. Analisis kuantitatif spektrofotometer UV-Vis menghasilkan nilai kadar Rhodamin B tiap sampel masing-masing yang dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus regresi y= 0,0726 x + 0,0432 dan nilai R2 = 0,9957.  Sampel kode A1 sebesar 3,443 ± 0,080 μg/mL , B1 sebesar 3,057 ± 0,150 μg/mL, B2 sebesar 5,881 ± 0,170 μg/mL, C1 sebesar 3,884 ± 0,130 μg/mL, dan C2 sebesar 4,517 ± 0,140 μg/mL. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu saos bakso tusuk yang beredar di beberapa sekolah dasar di Kota Manado mengandung Rhodamin B.  Kata Kunci: Rhodamin B, Saos Bakso Tusuk, Kromatografi Lapis Tipis, Spektrofotometer UV-Vis.

Aflatoxins: Improved Resolution by Thin Layer Chromatography

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Stubblefield ◽  
G M Shannon ◽  
O L Shotwell
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
System Water

Abstract Water was added to solvent systems for TLC of aflatoxins to achieve more reproducible results in laboratories where temperature and relative humidity vary. Resolution of the toxins also improved. Increments of water were added to solvent systems composed of acetone-chloroform (10 + 90, 12 + 88, and 15 + 85, v/v). As the water concentration was increased, separation of aflatoxins B2 and G1 improved. These two toxins are usually the most difficult to resolve in these solvent systems. Separations were the best with wateracetone-chloroform (1.5 + 12 + 88, v/v/v). Water added to methanol-chloroform (3 + 97, v/v) improved resolution of this solvent system but not enough for quantitative analysis, or at times, qualitative analysis. The solvent system water-methanol-ether (1 + 3 + 96, v/v/v) separated aflatoxins as well as water-acetone-chloroform (1.5 + 12 + 88, v/v/v).

Investigation and Identification of the Bromination Products of Dimethoxyamphetamines

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1162-1169
Author(s):  
Keith Bailey ◽  
Denise R Gagné ◽  
Richard K Pike
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Aromatic Bromination ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectra

Abstract The qualitative analysis of the aromatic bromination products of the 6 isomeric dimethoxyamphetamines and their hydrochloride or hydrobromide salts is described. Their ultraviolet, mass, and proton magnetic resonance spectra are not sufficiently different for distinction but infrared spectra allow a positive identification to be made and reference spectra are provided for the bromination products of 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 4,5-, and 3,5-dimethoxyamphetamines. The application of gas-liquid and thin layer chromatography for the analysis of these products is discussed. The bromination of 2,3-dimethoxyamphetamine consistently gave mixtures which could not be separated satisfactorily; spectra are included for completeness of the comparison of products.

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