Flower Extracts of Cage Plants (Canavalia virosa) as an Indicator of Acid Base

Cage plants (Canavalia virosa) are classified as nuts. This study aims to prove the flowers of the cage plants as acid-base indicators and determine the type of acid-base titration that is suitable for indicators of cage plants. The flowers of the cage plants were macerated with ethanol. Extras were tested as indicators in acid-base solutions, buffer solutions, and compared with phenolphthalein and methyl orange for acid-base titration, namely: strong acid with a strong base, a weak acid with a strong base, and weak base with strong acid. The results obtained in this study, namely: flower extracts of cage plants in strong red acid, in weak acid pink, in strong green bases, and weak bases in light green. In a buffer solution of pH 1 to pH 11, the flower extract of the cage plants gives 4 color groups, namely: a buffer solution with pH 1 colored red, pH 3 colored pink, pH 5 to pH 9 being light green, and pH 11 being dark blue. Cage plant flower extract can be used as an indicator of acid-base, cage plant flower extract can be used on strong-base strong acid titration, strong weak-acid base, and weak-strong base acid titration.

Booklet Development of Inorganic Fertilization System Based on Problem

The use of inorganic fertilizer in the tillage was mostly used by Sikkanese. The reason was the large supply of inorganic fertilizer on the market, fast response, easy to absorb, and not to waste times. In the implementation, inorganic fertilizer was not used accordance with the stipulation of the four rights (4T): right dose, right time, right place, and right source. The result was the decrease of soil quality and the death of soil-degrading microorganisms so that the soil became infertile. Therefore, the booklet as a learning media gave the right information about the proper fertilization system. The research aims to know the appropriateness of the booklet development of inorganic fertilization system. The method used was the research and development (R n D) method by adopting a Borg and Gall model. The sample was taken by using purposive sampling. The analysis technical was validity analysis (valid percentage) and appropriate analysis (Widoyoko categorial). The result of the study showed that the booklet was appropriated to use as a medium of information for the farmer with the feasibility category both at the initial field trial and field trial stages. Furthermore, in the field trial implementation, the booklet was suitable to use with the very good feasibility category.

Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on the Chemical Reaction Rate toward Critical Thinking Ability of Students

This study aimed to identify the effect of the problem-based learning model on the reaction rate toward critical thinking abilities of students of MAN 1 Palu. This study was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. Sampling was taken by purposive sampling technique with the sample of class XI MIA 3 as the experimental group (n = 18) and class XI MIA 4 as the control group (n = 14). The results of the study and data analysis obtained an average value of students' critical thinking skills from the questionnaire that the experimental group was 82.95%, higher than the control group (73.43%). The average value of students' critical thinking skills from the description test showed that the experimental group was 79.42%, higher than the control group (58.02%). Students' critical thinking skills data using parametric statistical analysis with t-test (right-party t-test) obtained tcount > ttable was 6.83 > 2.04 which corresponds to the H1 acceptance area, therefore H1 was accepted and H0 rejected. This means that students 'critical thinking skills in the experimental group were higher than in the control group. The results of this study concluded that the problem-based learning model had a significant influence on the thinking ability of students in grade XI on the reaction rate at MAN 1 Palu.

Effect of Practical Learning on Creative Thinking Skills of High School Students on Acid-Base

This study aims to determine the effect of practical learning on the creative thinking skills of class XI students on acid-base material at SMAN 7 Palu. This type of research was a quasi-experimental research with equivalent control group design. Sampling in this study was a purposive random sampling technique. The sample consisted of two classes students in XI MIA 2 as the experimental class (n = 24) and students in class XI MIA 4 as the control class (n = 24). Data from students' creative thinking using the one-party hypothesis testing, the right side were in this study used the statistics application and obtained sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 data based on this decision, the hypothesis is accepted if the sig (2-tailed) value is smaller than 0.05 so that it can be concluded that there is a positive effect using practical learning on the creative thinking ability of class XI students on acid-base material at SMAN 7 Palu.

Analysis of Flavanoids in Flour and Biscuit based on Chayote

Chayote-based flour and biscuits are the development of healthy food products that contain flavonoid compounds that can be used to protect and reduce skin damage to UV rays. This study aimed to determine the flavonoid content in chayote-based flour and biscuits using the AlCl3 method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 520 and 700 nm. The results obtained the flavonoid levels in chayote-based flour and biscuits of 0.325±0.011 mg/L and 0.117±0.023 mg/L or equivalent to 0.812±0.028 mg/100 gram and 0.291±0.058 mg/100 gram. This study concluded that chayote-based flour and biscuits contained flavonoids can be used as a source of antioxidants and a source of beneficial nutrition.

Oil Palm Empty Bunch Compost as a Source of Humic Acid

Humic acid is a fraction of humic compounds that are part of soil organic matter. In this research, humic acid is extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches compost. Compost is made from the process of counting the empty oil palm bunches, which are composted until the compost is cooked. The humic acid extraction process uses a strong base extraction method. The principle of humic acid extraction is to dissolve the humic compound with a base solution and then separate it by adding an acid solution (HCl solution). The extraction of humic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches compost produced blackish-brown humic acid with a yield of 4.895%. The result showed that the main functional group content of palm oil empty fruit bunches compost humic acid was the -OH group and phenol group which had a conjugated carbonyl group and a more aliphatic humic acid structure. Quantitatively, the functional groups of humic acid functional groups each amounted to a total acidity of 7,400 cmol/kg, a carboxylic group of 520 cmol/kg, and a phenolic -OH group content of 6,880 cmol/kg. Research results show that oil palm empty fruit bunches compost can be used as a source of humic acid.

Effectiveness of Google Classroom in Chemistry Learning on Stoichiometry Topic Viewed from Students’ Learning Motivation

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using google classroom in chemistry learning in terms of student learning motivation in MAN 2 Parigi, Sulawesi Tengah Indonesia. The sample in this study was students in class X MIA 2 (n = 23). The data analysis technique was the effect size d Cohen test, the value was 0.86 which had a very large effect category. This influence can be seen from students' learning motivation which increased with an average score of 3.70 which had a very good category. Based on these data it can be concluded that Google classroom affected the students’ learning results and learning motivation.

Prenylated Flavonoid from the Methanol Fraction of Breadfruit Root (Artocarpus communis)

Breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) is a tropical fruit plant that belongs to the genus Artocarpus of the Moraceae family. Prenylated flavonoid compounds were isolated from the methanol fraction of breadfruit root wood using maceration, partitioning, and chromatography methods, while characterization was carried out through phytochemical tests and 1H-NMR spectrum data analysis. The K1D2 (P1) compound obtained was a yellow solid with a mass of 5 mg. The phytochemical test of the K1D2 (P1) compound gave positive results for the flavonoid group. The 1H-NMR spectrum data (CDCl3, 500 MHz) of compound K1D2 (P1) showed a typical chemical shift at δH 13.42 (1H, s, 5-OH) for the hydroxy groups associated with carbonyl; 7.68 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-6 ′); 6.71 (1H, dd, J = 16.0; 7.1 Hz, H-10); 6.56 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz, H-9); 6.54 (1H, dd, J = 8.5; 1.8 Hz, H-5 ′); 6.46 (1H, s, H-3); 6.42 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz, H-3 ′); 6.26 (1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz, H-14); 5.42 (1H, d, J = 9.3 Hz, H-15); 3.94 (3H, s, 2′-OCH3); 2.47 (1H, m, H-11); 1.97 (3H, s, H-17); 1.69 (3H, s, H-18), and 1.10 (6H, d, J = 6.7 Hz, H-12 and H-13). Based on the results of phytochemical tests and analysis of 1H-NMR spectrum data compared with literature data, it showed that the isolated K1D2 (P1) compound is 4 ′, 5-dihydroxy-6,7- (2,2-dimethylpirano) -2'-methoxy- 8γ, γ-dimethylallylflavone (1).

Analysis of Well Water Quality based on Physics, Chemical, and Microbiology Parameters in IAIN Tulungagung Area

Water as a natural resource is needed in life. Nowadays, the need for freshwater is increasing. Meanwhile, most people fulfill their daily water needs from well water. This study aims to determine the quality of well water in the IAIN Tulungagung campus area based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters. This type of research is a quantitative descriptive. A total of 12 points from 4 stations were chosen by random sampling. Laboratory test results were compared with PerMenKes RI No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 and PerMenKes RI No. 32 Tahun 2017. The results of the study show that (1) two sources of water do not qualify as clean water based on physical parameters because the turbidity value and total dissolved solids (TDS) exceeds the quality standard, (2) five sources of water do not qualify as water clean based on chemical parameters because the Fe content exceeds the quality standard and/or low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and (3) four wells do not meet bacteriological tests for the amount of coli fecal bacteria and total coliform. Well water in the IAIN campus area has decreased water quality caused by domestic waste.

Analysis of Vitamin C and Calcium in Jongi Fruits (Dillenia serrata Thunb) Based on Their Maturity Level

Jongi plant (Dillenia serrata Thunb) is one of the plants that found Poso District. The characteristics of this fruit are mainly on the refreshing sour taste and attractive color which is yellow. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin C and calcium in this fruit based on the level of maturity. The fruit of jongi used as a sample was categorized into there type of maturity namely mature, ripe, and overripe. The method used for vitamin C analysis was iodimetry and for calcium, analysis using spectrophotometry (λ: 422.7 nm). From the results of the analysis, it was obtained that the levels of vitamin C in fruit jongi successively were 81.84, 114.40, and 70.40 mg/100 g, while the calcium levels obtained in the fruits were 5.91, 5.65, and 6.46 mg/100 g. The data above showed that the maximum vitamin C content in jongi fruit when the fruit was in ripe type, while the highest calcium content in jongi fruit was when the fruit in overripe type.