CHOLESTEROL LOWERING POTENTIALS OF A BLEND OF STANDARDIZED METHANOL EXTRACTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES AND FRUITS IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

Objective: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), a small rapid growing, evergreen, deciduous tree is an important medicinal plant. Leaves and fruits of this plant are used for various ailments, as a nutritional supplement and also as vegetables. The current study involves in the determination of best combination of the cholesterol-lowering potential of a blend of methanol extracts of M. oleifera leaf and fruits, developed based on in vitro FIC index studies and evaluate the combination of this extracts in hypercholesterolemic animal models.Methods: Leaf and fruit methanol extracts and their combinations were tested in in vitro lipase inhibition assay to determine the best combination using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Hypercholesterolemia was induced with Triton WR-1339 (a non-ionic detergent) and with high cholesterol diet for acute and chronic model respectively and the cholesterol-lowering effect of 1:1 blend of M. oleifera leaf and fruits methanol extracts was evaluated.Results: The FIC index values indicated that M. oleifera leaf and fruit extracts blended in 1:1 proportion was the best combination in in vitro lipase inhibition assay. This blend, when evaluated in vivo, showed a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol level from 24 h through 48 h in triton model. In high cholesterol diet model, the extract blend showed a significant reduction in serum triglycerides levels at 3 and 6 w of treatment.Conclusion: The results indicate that the blend of M. oleifera at the tested dose could be lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol and can be developed as a standardized blend for dietary supplement market.

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Abstract 130: Hypercholesterolemia Suppresses Carotid Artery Endothelial NOS3 Expression via Epigenetic Mechanisms

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.130 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Alex Sotolongo ◽

Yi-Zhou Jiang ◽

John Karanian ◽

William Pritchard ◽

Peter Davies

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Dna Methyltransferase ◽

Control Group ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

High Fat

Objective: One of the first clinically detectable changes in the vasculature during atherogenesis is the accumulation of cholesterol within the vessel wall. Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by dysfunctional endothelial-dependent vessel relaxation and impaired NOS3 function. Since DNA methylation at gene promoter regions strongly suppresses gene expression, we postulated that high-fat/high-cholesterol diet suppresses endothelial NOS3 through promoter DNA methylation. Methods: Domestic male pigs were fed control diet (CD) or isocaloric high fat and high cholesterol diet (HC; 12% fat and 1.5% cholesterol) for 2, 4, 8 or 12 weeks prior to tissue collection. Furthermore, to determine the effects of risk factor withdrawal, an additional group of swine received HC for 12 weeks and then CD for 8 weeks; a control group received HC continuously for 20 weeks. Endothelial cells were harvested from common carotid aorta. In parallel in vitro studies, cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were treated with human LDL, GW3956 (LXR agonist) and RG108 (DNA methyltransferase [DNMT] inhibitor). In cells from both sources, DNA methylation at the NOS3 promoter was measured using methylation specific pyro sequencing, and endothelial gene expression was measured using RT PCR. Results: HC diet increased plasma cholesterol level from 75 mg/dl on CD to a plateau of about 540 mg/dl within 2 weeks. Endothelial NOS3 expression was significantly reduced (71±9 % of CD) after 4 weeks of HC, a level sustained at subsequent time points. Withdrawal of HC for 8 weeks did not recover NOS3 expression. After 12-week HC, the NOS3 promoter was hypermethylated. Withdrawal of HC did not reverse NOS3 promoter methylation. In vitro treatment of HAEC with human LDL (200 mg/dl total cholesterol) or GW3956 (5μM) suppressed NOS3 mRNA to 50% and 30% respectively, suggesting that LXR/RXR is involved in suppression of NOS3. Nitric oxide production was consistently suppressed by GW3959. Both could be reversed through inhibition of DNMTs by RG108. Conclusions: DNA methylation and LXR/RXR pathway can mediate the HC-suppression of endothelial NOS3. The study identifies novel pharmaceutical targets in treating endothelial dysfunction. Crosstalk between these pathways is under investigation.

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Selection of Cholesterol-Lowering Lactic Acid Bacteria and its Effects on Rats Fed with High-Cholesterol Diet

Current Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00284-017-1230-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 623-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yufang Liu ◽

Fengchun Zhao ◽

Jiye Liu ◽

Huimin Wang ◽

Xiao Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Lowering ◽

Selection Of

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In vitro and in vivo cholesterol lowering ability of Lactobacillus pentosus KF923750

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2016.0121 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 271-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

F. Bendali ◽

K. Kerdouche ◽

S. Hamma-Faradji ◽

D. Drider

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Lactobacillus Pentosus ◽

Survival Percentage

Lactobacillus pentosus KF923750 was characterised for probiotic related properties and then characterised for cholesterol uptake in vitro as well as in vivo using rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. The survival percentage of L. pentosus KF923750 was 100% at pH 3, 52.18% at pH 2 and 36.21% at pH 2 plus pepsin. Similarly, this strain appeared resistant to bile (0.1% [98.42%], 0.3% [88.52%], 0.5% [75.60%] and 1% [71.15%]), after 4 h exposure. Moreover, L. pentosus KF923750 controlled growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 through the production of a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance and anti-adhesive capabilities. L. pentosus KF923750 was non-cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells but sensitive to some antibiotics. Compared with rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet but without L. pentosus KF923750 supplementation, the plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly decreased in L. pentosus KF923750-fed rabbits by 11.54, 16.00 and 18.00%, respectively, with no significant change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The histological sections of livers revealed lesions in all the rabbits that were fed a high-cholesterol diet, but these were less pronounced in rabbits ingesting L. pentosus KF923750. This study highlights the potential of lactobacilli, such as L. pentosus KF923750, in the treatment or prevention of hypercholesterolemia.

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Hepatic lipase function and the accumulation of β-very-low-density lipoproteins in the plasma of cholesterol-fed rabbits

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2930745 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 293 (3) ◽

pp. 745-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S Chang ◽

J Borensztajn

Keyword(s):

Lipoprotein Lipase ◽

Hepatic Lipase ◽

Low Density Lipoproteins ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Low Density ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

High Fat ◽

Very Low Density Lipoproteins

The accumulation of cholesterol-rich beta-very-low-density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL) in the plasma of rabbits fed on a high-fat high-cholesterol diet is due to a defect in the clearance of these lipoprotein remnants from circulation by the liver. In view of the evidence that hepatic lipase participates in the process of rapid removal of remnants from circulation, and considering that rabbits are naturally deficient in hepatic lipase, we examined whether this defect in the clearance of beta-VLDL could be reversed by exogenous hepatic lipase. We report that treatment in vitro of [3H]cholesterol-labelled beta-VLDL, or rat chylomicrons, with hepatic lipase resulted in the formation of particles that were rapidly cleared from circulation by the liver when injected intravenously into hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. These results are consistent with the notion that, in addition to the well-established requirement for lipoprotein lipase activity, the generation of remnants capable of being efficiently taken up by the liver also requires the action of hepatic lipase. Lipoprotein lipase acts on triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins to transform them into particles (remnants) which bind to the surface of liver cells, where they become accessible to hepatic lipase. Hepatocyte endocytosis of these remnants occurs only after further modification by hepatic lipase. According to this scheme, the results presented suggest that the accumulation of beta-VLDL in the circulation of rabbits fed on a high-fat high-cholesterol diet is the result of the saturation of the available hepatic lipase by abnormally high levels of lipoprotein-lipase-generated chylomicron remnants.

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Cholesterol Lowering Capability of some Lactobacillus Strains and its Effect on Mice Fed a High Cholesterol Diet

Clinical Microbiology Open Access ◽

10.4172/2327-5073.1000253 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohamed Abd El Helim ◽

Shabaan Hashem

Keyword(s):

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Lowering

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Improvement on high-cholesterol diet induced atherosclerosis, lipid profile, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in the liver of mice by Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18432/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Donyez Frikha Dammak ◽

Hajer Ben Saad ◽

Emna Bouattour ◽

Ons Boudawara ◽

Raoudha Mezghani Jarraya

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Dietary Cholesterol ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Abstract Background Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Methods The present study investigates the possible mechanism of Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosus ( E. s. spinosus ) flower on the high cholesterol diet. Results Our in vitro results demonstrated the richness of E.s. spinosus flower in antioxidant compounds, and its antioxidant activities. The co-administration of E.s. spinosus (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) with high-fat diet attenuated hepatotoxicity as monitored by the improvement of oxidative stress biomarkers and plasma lipid and liver parameters, when compared to the hypercholesterolemic mice. Atherogenic index and body weight were also reduced markedly, compared to control mice. These results were confirmed by the improvement of histological changes and DNA damage. Conclusion These data indicate that E.s. spinosus flower reduces the hypercholesterolemia risk and atherogenic properties of dietary cholesterol. Its hypocholesterolemic effect may be due to its antioxidant activities and its richness in bioactive molecule.

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