КУРГАН ЯМНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ НА ЮЖНОМ БЕРЕГУ Р. ЕГОРЛЫК

The article presents materials from the excavation work of the mound 1 from the Egorlyk group. The mound was formed over two burials of the Yamnaya culture of the early Bronze Age era. The only inlet burial was placed in the center of the mound during the transition period from the late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age. The discovery of this monument is significant because it is the first monument of the Bronze Age explored on the north-eastern slope of the Stavropol height, in-between the rivers Egorlyk and Kalaus and bounded from the east by the lake Manych.

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Traditions in Transition: Some Thoughts on Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Burial Costumes from the Northern Caucasus

European Journal of Archaeology ◽

10.1179/eja.2003.6.1.25 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 25-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sabine Reinhold

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Social Identities ◽

Northern Caucasus ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Late Bronze Age ◽

North Caucasus ◽

The North ◽

Large Numbers ◽

North Eastern

Ornaments, jewellery, personal equipment and weapons in graves can be defined as relicts of ancient costumes and weapon assemblages which are connected to the social identities of the buried persons. At several late Bronze Age and early Iron Age sites in the north Caucasus (Koban culture) large numbers of richly furnished graves allow the reconstruction of specific costume and armour groups. These can be related to factors which structured these communities into a ranked society. This article is based on the investigation of two cemeteries in Chechenia (north-eastern Caucasus) which demonstrate the change in social differentiation during the developed Iron Age. The article also includes a general discussion about the concepts of costumes and their potential for reconstructing social identities.

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Eastern Anatolia in the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age

Anatolian Studies ◽

10.2307/3642418 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 157-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C. A. Burney

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Early Bronze Age ◽

Eastern Anatolia ◽

Lake Van ◽

Eastern Shore ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern ◽

Selection Of ◽

Varied History

The pottery described in this article was collected during a survey of ancient sites in eastern Turkey carried out in the summer of 1956. More than 150 Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age sites were recorded: only the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age pottery is discussed here, the later periods being reserved for a future article. A considerable quantity of potsherds was collected, so that only a selection of the more significant examples has been illustrated. The zone covered by this survey is best described as eastern Anatolia within the mountains, excluding both the Pontic region and the south-eastern provinces of Turkey, bordering on Syria and Iraq: it is the narrowest part of the great natural bridge between Asia and Europe that has given Anatolia its long and varied history. The survey covered the greater part of the provinces of Sivas, Malatya, Elazığ, Muş, Bitlis and Van. Sites near Adıyaman, also visited, are not dealt with here. The plain of Iğdır, north of Mount Ararat, was partially explored in 1957, and yielded important material, but the plain of Karaköse proved to have few sites, and those with little surface pottery. The sherds here described are supplemented by intact vessels from Ernis, on the north-eastern shore of Lake Van, now in Van Museum.

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Architectural Traditions of the Trans-Urals Forest- Steppe Population in the Early Iron Age

Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy ◽

10.14258/tpai(2021)33(3).-01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 7-23

Author(s):

Berlina S. ◽

◽

Tsembalyuk S. ◽

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Transition Period ◽

Housing Construction ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Political Factors ◽

House Construction ◽

Pillar Structure ◽

The Bronze Age

By the beginning of the Early Iron Age, under the influence of climatic and socio-political factors, the population of the forest-steppe had several traditions of housing construction. First of all, they were expressed in the variety of types of dwellings and techniques of their construction. During the Transition period from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, the population of the Itkul culture had small above-ground framed buildings. The Baitovo population that replaced them at the beginning of the Early Iron Age has already recorded two types of buildings — above-ground framed buildings and and dwellings with cribbed walls. In the Gorokhovo-Sargat time, an unprecedented flourishing of house construction is marked. The Gorokhovo population has buildings with the ‘zaplot’ walls (i.e., built using vertical wooden posts with a lengthwise recess in which timber logs or panels are inserted), and dwellings with cribbed walls, frame-and-pillar structure are widely distributed. The presence of certain standards and traditions in architecture can be traced. The population of the Sargat culture built at least five types of dwellings: insulated and light cone-shaped, those built in the frame-and-pillar technique, dwellings with ‘zaplot’ walls, and cribbed dwellings. A feature that has clearly manifested itself in Sargat housing construction is the articulation of several chambers, different in structure and functions, into one household complex. Keywords: Western Siberia; Early Iron Age; dwelling; Itkul Culture; Baitovo Culture; Gorokhovo Culture

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Re-evaluation of Contacts between Cyprus and Crete from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age

Electrum ◽

10.4467/20800909el.20.001.12791 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 11-32

Author(s):

Katarzyna Zeman-Wiśniewska

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Lead Isotope ◽

Transition Period ◽

Isotope Analysis ◽

Early Bronze Age ◽

Lead Isotope Analysis ◽

Major Route ◽

The Bronze Age ◽

Written Sources

This article argues that it is possible to distinguish certain stages of development of the contact between Cyprus and Crete, from Early Bronze Age up to the LBA/EIA transition period. To thoroughly do that, areas in which the connections are most clearly expressed: written sources, pottery, copper trade and cult practice influences are discussed. Possible sea routes between two islands, direct and as a part of a major route between Aegean, Levant and Egypt are described. Discussed written sources include possible place-names connected with Cyprus/Alasia in linear scripts and usage of the so-called ‘Cypro-Minoan’writing. Examples of pots and sherds both Cypriot found in Crete and Cretan found in Cyprus are examined and possible copper trade (including lead isotope analysis) is considered. Further, alleged Minoan cult practice influences are thoroughly discussed. Finally all the above are chronologically reviewed and a course of development of contacts between Crete and Cyprus is proposed.

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The bronze headbands of Prehistoric Lofkënd and their Aegean and Balkan connections

Opuscula Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome ◽

10.30549/opathrom-03-03 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 33-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John K. Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Early Period ◽

Early Bronze Age ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Southeast Europe ◽

Young Females ◽

The Many ◽

Votive Offerings

This paper begins with an overview of the bronze headbands from the prehistoric (Late Bronze to Early Iron Age) burial tumulus of Lofkënd in Albania, which were found among the richest tombs of the cemetery, all of them of young females or children. It is argued that these individuals represent a class of the special dead, those who have not attained a critical rite de passage: marriage. In their funerary attire these individuals go to the grave as brides, married to death. The significance of the Lofkënd headbands is reviewed, as is their shape and decoration, but it is their context that contributes to a better understanding of Aegean examples, including the many bronze, gold, and silver headbands found in tombs from the Early Bronze Age through the Early Iron Age, as well as those dedicated as votive offerings in sanctuaries. In addition to discussing the evidence for headbands in the Aegean and much of southeast Europe, this paper also attempts to uncover the word used in this early period in Greece for these distinctive items of personal ornament. In memory of Berit Wells.

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Nuragic Settlement Dynamics

10.30861/9781407357669 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cezary Namirski

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

East Coast ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Central Mediterranean ◽

Settlement Dynamics ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Bronze Age

The book is a study of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Nuragic settlement dynamics in two selected areas of the east coast Sardinia, placing them in a wider context of Central Mediterranean prehistory. Among the main issues addressed are the relationship between settlement and ritual sites, the use of coastline, and a chronology of settlement.

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Cross-Channel Relations in the Later Bronze Age, Parts i and ii: Relations between Britain, North-Eastern France and the Low Countries during the Later Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age, with particular reference to the metalwork

10.30861/9780860541059 ◽

1980 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Brendan O'Connor

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Low Countries ◽

North Eastern

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New evidence for prehistoric copper metallurgy in the vicinity of Bor

Starinar ◽

10.2298/sta1666173k ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 173-191

Author(s):

Aleksandar Kapuran ◽

Dragana Zivkovic ◽

Nada Strbac

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Copper Ore ◽

North Eastern ◽

Metallurgical Furnaces ◽

Copper Metallurgy ◽

New Evidence ◽

The Bronze Age

The last three years of archaeological investigations at the site Ru`ana in Banjsko Polje, in the immediate vicinity of Bor, have provided new evidence regarding the role of non-ferrous metallurgy in the economy of the prehistoric communities of north-eastern Serbia. The remains of metallurgical furnaces and a large amount of metallic slags at two neighbouring sites in the mentioned settlement reveal that locations with many installations for the thermal processing of copper ore existed in the Bronze Age. We believe, judging by the finds of material culture, that metallurgical activities in this area also continued into the Iron Age and, possibly, into the 4th century AD.

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THE OLDEST ROCK ART SITES OF THE KARATAU RANGE: PETROGLYPHS OF KARASUYIR

SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF SAYANO-ALTAI ◽

10.52782/kril.2021.1.29.001 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 2-8

Author(s):

С. С. Мургабаев ◽

Л. Д. Малдыбекова

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Main Part ◽

Rock Art ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Stone Age ◽

The Bronze Age

Статья посвящена новому памятнику наскального искусства хребта Каратау, открытому в урочище Карасуйир. Приводится краткое описание памятника, публикуются наиболее важные изображения. Сюжеты и стилистические особенности основной чaсти петроглифов памятника Карасуйир связаны с эпохой бронзы, остaльные рисунки отнесены к эпохе рaннего железа и, возможно, к эпохе камня. Для некоторых из них предложена предварительная интерпретация. The article is devoted to a new rock art site of the Karatau Range, discovered in the Karasuyir Area. A brief description of the site is provided, and the most important images are published. Subjects and stylistic features of the main part of Karasuyir petroglyphs are associated with the Bronze Age, and other engravings are related to the early Iron Age and, perhaps, to the Stone Age. A preliminary interpretation is proposed for some of them.

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