Mobile money as an interface between finance and livelihood

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-70
Author(s):  
Jürgen Schraten
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Good Basis ◽  
Market Economies

Digital payment tools and mobile money receive growing attention as a possible tool for alleviating poverty and expanding the benefits of market economies. Especially the Kenyan product M-Pesa gained prominence, since Suri and Jack (2016) published a study according to which it paved a way out of poverty for 2% of the country’s households. However, there are more skeptical notions, too. This debate is now gets a good basis in the long-term ethnographic study by Sibel Kusimba. She endows the conflicting assessments with differentiated reports on the contexts of M-Pesa usage in the Kenyan society.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic Markers of Friendship Among Persons With Dementia in Long-Term Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 575-575
Author(s):  
Pamela Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pronominal Reference ◽  
Field Notes

Abstract Sociolinguistics and discourse analysis provide tools through which to examine how friendship is socially constructed through language and communication. Research on social isolation and loneliness reveals the importance of social interaction on the psychological and physical health of older adults. Given that linguistic, communicative, and functional abilities decline as dementia progresses, it is challenging to identify markers of friendship. The Friendship Project is an ethnographic study of social interaction among persons with dementia living in a long-term care setting. The data are from transcripts and field-notes of social interactions among residents with a range of cognitive impairments over a six-month time period. Results reveal that persons with dementia employ specific linguistic features such as narrative, evaluation, evidentials, and pronominal reference to make meaning and create relationships over time. Practical implications will be discussed.

scholarly journals Liquidity regulations and bank behavior: An emerging markets perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4, special issue) ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
Tafirei Mashamba
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Emerging Market Economies ◽  
Basel Iii ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
The Impact

The 2007 to 2009 global financial crisis significantly affected the funding structures of banks, especially internationally active ones (Gambacorta, Schiaffi, & Van Rixtel, 2017). This paper examines the impact of liquidity regulations, in particular, the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), on funding structures of commercial banks operating in emerging markets over the period 2011 to 2016. Similar to Behn, Daminato, and Salleo (2019) who developed a dynamic partial equilibrium model to examine capital and liquidity adjustments, this paper develops three dynamic error component adjustment models and estimates them using the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator to analyze funding adjustments adopted by banks in emerging markets in response to the LCR requirement. The results revealed that banks in emerging markets responded to binding liquidity regulations by increasing deposit, equity as well as long-term funding. In terms of the magnitude of response, deposit funding was found to be more responsive to the LCR rule while the elasticity of equity and long-term funding to the LCR specification was found to be weak. The weak response of equity and long-term funding to liquidity standards was attributed to low levels of capital market development in emerging markets (Bonner, van Lelyveld, & Zymek, 2015). By and large, the results suggest that Basel III liquidity regulations have been effective in persuading banks in emerging market economies to fund their business activities with stable funding instruments. Based on this evidence, the study supports the adoption of Basel III liquidity regulations in emerging markets. Moreover, policymakers in emerging market economies should monitor competition for retail deposits to safeguard the benefits of the LCR rule and pay more attention to developing capital markets.

Activity networks and the temporality of urban space: the case of a cul-de-sac square

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlam Ammar Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Activity Networks ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThis study draws on recent actor-network theory (ANT) literature to provide a nuanced understanding of the effect of time on activity networks in urban spaces. It investigates the role of time in multiplying these networks and producing urban change, which is limited in similar ANT-related research.Design/methodology/approachThis ethnographic study of a cul-de-sac square within a housing project in the suburb of Dahiyat Al-Hussein in Amman, Jordan, documents the changes in its activity networks when comparing the 1990s with 2019. Data were collected through interviews and site observations covering the two time periods to investigate the different activities that occurred constantly over time, which reflect the temporal network stabilisation within the square.FindingsThe findings demonstrate the profound effect time has on the stability of activity networks related to playing, observing, walking, vending and their interrelations. Their overlaps and conflicts with each other and with other networks in the space were observed. Unpacking the stability of activity networks and their interrelations demonstrates the change in their actor relations and temporalities over time. This is significant in understanding urban change.Originality/valueThe study investigates the importance of time in recognising and extending the multiplicity of urban activities, which suggests new ways of understanding urban change. This exploration highlights new possibilities for creating more adaptable spaces according to residents' long-term needs.

scholarly journals Studying robots outside the lab: HRI as ethnography

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse Blond
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Assistive Robot ◽  
Socially Assistive Robot

Abstract As more and more robots enter our social world, there is a strong need for further field studies of humanrobot interaction. Based on a two-year ethnographic study of the implementation of a South Korean socially assistive robot in Danish elderly care, this paper argues that empirical and ethnographic studies will enhance the understanding of the adaptation of robots in real-life settings. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes how users and the context of use matters to this adaptation, as it is shown that roboticists are unable to control how their designs are implemented and how the sociality of social robots is inscribed by its users in practice. This paper can be seen as a contribution to long-term studies of HRI. It presents the challenges of robot adaptation in practice and discusses the limitations of the present conceptual understanding of human-robot relations. The ethnographic data presented herein encourage a move away from static and linear descriptions of the implementation process toward more contextual and relational accounts of HRI.

What Makes a House a Home? An Evaluation of a Supported Housing Project for Individuals with Long-Term Psychiatric Backgrounds

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Boydell ◽  
Barbara Everett
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Housing Project ◽  
Community Mental Health Agency ◽  
Qualitative Component ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

Supported housing (as distinct from supportive housing) emphasizes the values of consumer choice; independence; participation; permanence; normalcy; and flexible, ongoing supports. As a model, it has only recently become popular in the literature and therefore little is known of its effectiveness in serving people with long-term psychiatric backgrounds. In 1989, Homeward Projects, a community mental health agency located in Metropolitan Toronto, established a supported housing project. Homeward included an evaluative component in its program from the outset. In order to give equal weight to the tenants' opinions, both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were employed. In the quantitative component, residential milieu, social support, and service delivery were examined. The qualitative component involved an ethnographic study which allowed the tenants to voice their experiences of living in such a setting. Results provided a rich understanding of the model. Overall, the tenants eventually came to describe their house as a home.

scholarly journals TAX POLICY IN OECD COUNTIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Mykola PASICHNYI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Emerging Market Economies ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Introduction. Globalization intensifies the necessity for intergovernmental cooperation aiming to implement the measures on the tax and customs regulation. Considering both the economic cyclicality and historical retrospective, it is expedient to study the advanced and emerging market economies’ experience in the field of developing and implementing a set of fiscal policy measures during the economic expansion, recession, stagnation, and post-crisis recovery periods. The purposeis to systemize the experience of the government tax policy preparation and implementation in the OECD countries in the long-term retrospective, and to assess the tax structure and the level of taxation impact on economic growth. Results. Based on methods of economic regression to evaluate the fiscal policy in the OECD countries over 1981–2016 period, it was determined that increase in the tax burden did not provoke any significant destructive effect on the economy. At the same time, in the context of the tax structure, the taxes on capital had a negative impact on the real GDP growth rates, the taxes on labor had a lower degree of influence, and the effect of the taxes on consumption was almost neutral. The main measures of the tax regulation aimed to create the most favorable conditions for a long-term economic growth were investigated. The tax revenues structure’s complex analysis was carried out; the main tendencies of taxation were generalized. Conclusion. Tax policy is as an adaptive mechanism allowing to regulate the country’s economic development. The OECD countries consistently implement the systematic measures to reduce the income tax rate. This practice is caused by the need to create the most favorable conditions for the entrepreneurship development. Regarding the universal consumption taxes, a gradual rise in their rates was recorded. That fact is reflected by an increase in these taxes’ fiscal importance (taking into account the neutrality of their impact on the economic agents’ business activity). The transformation in the import operations’ model of taxation as well as the implementation and active intensification of free trade policies led to a reduction in the specific weight of customs duties. In modern conditions, the tax legislation’s unification as well as the strengthening of the supranational tax regulation’s role outline an important trend in the development of taxation systems both in advanced and emerging market economies.

scholarly journals Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (198) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Prady ◽  
Herve Tourpe ◽  
Sonja Davidovic ◽  
Soheib Nunhuck
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

During the 2020 pandemic, the majority of countries have provided income support to households at an unprecedented speed and scale. Social distancing measures and the large penetration of mobile phones in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) have encouraged government-to-person (G2P) transfers through mobile platforms. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for sustainable money solutions in support of social assistance. The framework consists of eight building blocks that may help policymakers i) take stock and assess emergency fixes taken to scale up mobile money in a crisis context and ii) develop sustainable long-term solutions for mobile G2P transfers.

scholarly journals The Effects of Inward and Outward Foreign Direct Investments on Economic Growth: Evidence from the G-7 and Selected Emerging Market Economies (1994-2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ömer Yalçınkaya ◽  
Halil İbrahim Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Emerging Market Economies ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
New Generation

In this study, the long termed effects of foreign direct (capital) investments inflows and outflows on the economic growth of the economies of developed G-7 countries where the capital mobility is intense and selected emerging market economies (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa and Turkey (EME-7)) are empirically analyzed for the period of 1994-2015 within the scope of the new generation panel data methodology. From this aspect, it is also aimed to economically analyze whether the foreign direct investments inflows and outflows in countries of G-7 and EME-7 have an effect on the economic growth as is seen in the theoretical framework by being considered the capital exporter/importer positions of these countries. Determined in consequence of the study that foreign direct investments inflows/outflows in the countries of G-7 have a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth in the long term. Also determined that the foreign direct investments inflows have a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth in countries of EME-7; while the foreign direct investments outflows have not the same effect on the economic growth. These results which are consonant with the theoretical and empirical literature show that just both foreign direct investments inflows and outflows have a significant role in economic growth on G-7 countries; just foreign direct investments inflows have an important role in economic growth on EME-7 countries at the same time.

scholarly journals Engaged yet excluded: The processual, dispersed, and political dynamics of boundary work

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludo Glimmerveen ◽  
Sierk Ybema ◽  
Henk Nies
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Work ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Local Engagement ◽  
Temporal Sequences

What happens when people try to ‘transcend’ organizational boundaries and engage with so-called outsiders? Current boundary-work literature does not fully account for the processual, dispersed, and political dynamics triggered by such efforts. To address this shortcoming, this article builds on an ethnographic study of a professional care provider’s attempts to engage local citizens within one of its care homes. We analyze how actors negotiate the parameters of outsider engagement – that is, how they interactively (re-)erect and (re-)efface boundaries between actors (Who is engaged?), issues (What is their engagement about?), and positions of authority (Does local engagement affect central decision-making?). We contribute to extant theorizing by, first, explicitly scrutinizing boundary work’s temporal and spatial dynamics. Testifying to the importance of analyzing temporal sequences, we show how attempts at transcending boundaries intensified boundary work on multiple organizational platforms. Paradoxically, inclusionary efforts evoked exclusionary effects (and vice versa) as actors came to contest and, eventually, redefine ‘appropriate’ insider–outsider relations. Second, our analysis highlights how the political effectiveness of an inclusive and non-hierarchical approach still, ironically, depends on ongoing hierarchical support and managerial enforcement. Third, our article makes a case for the adoption of long-term, multi-sited methodologies when studying the everyday dynamics of boundary-work processes.

Feminist Political Economy and Flexible Team Interviewing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara J Daly ◽  
Ruth Lowndes
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Realities ◽  
Creative Team ◽  
Theoretical Standpoint

This chapter explores how we approached and conducted creative team interviewing during this multiyear ethnographic study of long-term care homes. We discuss interviewing from the theoretical standpoint of feminist political economy and feminist and interpretive interviewing. We outline our creative team interviewing method, as well as identify examples of what worked well and the relational, spatial, and temporal challenges we addressed. The chapter’s final section offers critical reflections on our contributions to creative team interviewing. Specifically, an explicitly feminist orientation in our research enabled us to use interviewing to pay attention to the everyday realities of the work and care in long-term care settings. Feminist political economy enabled us to see and hear experiences from nursing homes in context and in relation to others who live, work, and visit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document