scholarly journals Leishmaniasis canina: diagnóstico y manejo terapéutico

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Gisela Iniesta-Romero ◽  
Luis Fernando De Juan Guzmán ◽  
Juan Miguel Pérez-Enriquez ◽  
José Javier Castañeda-Corral ◽  
Adriana Mendez-Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
General Physical Examination

Descripción del caso clínico: Paciente canino de 3.6 años de edad que acude a consulta con historia de secreción nasal, epistaxis y lesiones dermatológicas y diarrea con un mes de evolución.Hallazgos clínicos: En el examen físico general se observó secreción nasal serosa en ambas narinas, nódulo en región del maxilar del lado derecho y linfadenomegalia poplítea. En las pruebas de laboratorio se reportaron los siguientes resultados: en la bioquímica sérica: hiperglobulinemia de 104 g/L (23 – 39); en la electroforesis de proteínas: incremento de gamma globulinas asociado a una gammapatía y se realizó aspirado con aguja delgada (ACAD) de linfonodo poplíteo y en su análisis se encontraron estructuras parasitarias compatibles con amastigotes de Leishmania spp.Tratamiento y evolución: Se instauró tratamiento médico con alopurinol, pentoxifilina y antimoniato de meglumina, éste último, únicamente por cuatro semanas debido a la falta de su distribución en México; con lo que se logra mantener a la paciente sin signos clínicos. La anemia se asocia al proceso inflamación crónica, por lo que se administró vitamina B12.Pruebas complementarias de laboratorio: Bioquímica sérica en cada consulta para evaluar función renal, electroforesis de proteínas y aspirado con aguja delgada (ACAD) de linfonodo poplíteoRelevancia clínica: La leishmaniasis canina es una enfermedad poco diagnosticada en México, los signos clínicos que se presentan son inespecíficos, por lo que no se da el tratamiento adecuado oportunamente y puede existir alta mortalidad de los pacientes con esta enfermedad. Es de importancia clínica saber que existen regiones en México en donde habitan especies de vectores que pueden transmitir la enfermedad. Abstract Case report: A canine patient of 3.6 years of age attending consultation with a history of nasal discharge, epistaxis and dermatological lesions and diarrhea with a month of evolution.Clinical findings: In the general physical examination, serous nasal secretion was observed in both nostrils, nodule in the maxillary region of the right side and popliteal lymphadenomegaly. In laboratory tests the following results were reported: in serum biochemistry: 104 g/L hyperglobulinemia (23 - 39); in protein electrophoresis: increased gamma globulins associated with a gammapaty; the popliteal lymphonode was aspirated with fine needle and in its analysis were found parasitic structures compatible with amastigotes of Leishmania spp.Treatment and evolution: Medical treatment with allopurinol, pentoxifylline and meglumine antimoniate, the latter, was instituted for only four weeks due to the lack of its distribution in Mexico, thus maintaining the patient without clinical signs. Anemia is associated with the chronic inflammation process, so vitamin B12 was administered.Laboratory tests: serum biochemistry in each consultation to evaluate renal function, protein electrophoresis and fine needle aspiration of popliteal lymphonode.Clinical relevance: Canine leishmaniasis is a poorly diagnosed disease in Mexico, the clinical signs that appear are nonspecific, therefore the adequate treatment is not given and there may be high mortality of patients suffering from the disease. It is of clinical importance to know that there are regions in Mexico where species of vectors that can transmit the disease live.Keywords: Spanish Water Dog, nasal discharge, hypotrichosis, blepharitis, lymphadenomegaly, canine leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor Associated with Carboplatin in Treatment of Metastatic Nasal Carcinoma in Dog

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves ◽  
Aline Gonçalves Corrêa ◽  
Fabiana Elias ◽  
Sabryna Gouveia Calazans
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Nasal Sinus ◽  
Nasal Carcinoma

A 10-year-old, intact male, pinscher was presented with unilateral bloodstained nasal discharge, sneezing, dyspnea, zygomatic arch deformity, submandibular lymph node increase, blindness in right eye, and exophthalmia. After clinical examination, it was found that the animal presented with upper respiratory tract dyspnea origin, possibly caused by an obstructive process. Complete blood count (CBC), ocular ultrasonography, thoracic radiographs, mandibular lymph node, and nasal sinus fine needle aspiration were performed. The right mandibular lymph node excisional biopsy was conducted and a tumor sample was obtained through the nasal fistula at hard palate. The material was processed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), vimentin, and COX-2 was performed. After histopathological evaluation nasal carcinoma diagnosis was obtained. Chemotherapy was established with carboplatin 300 mg/m2intravenously—four cycles with intervals of 21 days—and firocoxib 5 mg/kg orally every 24 hours for 7 months. After 7 months the treatment started, the animal presented with ataxia, vocalization, hyperesthesia, and anorexia. Due the clinical condition presented, the animal owner opted for performing euthanasia. The chemotherapy protocol was effective causing the disease stagnation, minimizing the clinical signs, and extending patient survival and quality of life.

Thymomas in Rabbits: Clinical Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Künzel ◽  
Katharina M. Hittmair ◽  
Jasmin Hassan ◽  
Gilles Dupré ◽  
Elena Russold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Mediastinal Masses

Thymomas are rarely recorded in rabbits, and the literature includes comparatively few cases. Medical records were reviewed to identify all pet rabbits in which a mediastinal mass was diagnosed between Feb 2007 and Jan 2010. Signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic work-up (including laboratory data, diagnostic imaging, and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the mediastinal mass), treatment modalities, survival time, and histologic findings were evaluated. Cytologic and/or histopathologic examinations revealed thymomas in all rabbits with mediastinal masses (n=13). Rabbits with thymomas showed clinical signs of dyspnea (76.9%), exercise intolerance (53.9%), and bilateral exophthalmos (46.2%). In seven rabbits the thymoma was removed surgically. Two rabbits were treated conservatively, and four rabbits were euthanized because of their poor clinical condition. The two rabbits that underwent surgery were euthanized 6 mo and 34 mo later. Mediastinal masses in rabbits appear to be more common than previously believed and consist primarily of thymomas rather than thymic lymphomas. Cytology of samples collected by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is an accurate diagnostic tool for the identification of thymomas in rabbits. Due to a high rate of perioperative mortality, intensive perioperative care and the provision of a low-stress environment are recommended for a successful thoracotomy.

scholarly journals MON-482 Thyroid Tuberculosis - An Unlikely Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Novais Araújo ◽  
Tânia Matos ◽  
Ema Nobre ◽  
Maria Joao Bugalho
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an aerobic bacillus responsible for the most cases of tuberculous infection. Approximately one-third of the world’s population is infected. Tuberculosis (TB) of the thyroid gland is an unusual diagnosis with an estimated prevalence of 0.1 to 0.6%. The thyroid TB can mimic different pathologies (thyroid neoplasms, lymphoma, infectious or granulomatous thyroiditis, Graves’ disease or bacterial abscess) and the diagnosis can be easily disregarded, especially in non-endemic countries and if the patient doesn’t have systemic symptoms. The fine needle aspiration and histopathological examination, with acid-fast bacilli staining and TB culture, are the gold standard exams. Clinical Case: A 71-year-old female was referred to our Endocrinology department after a diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease. She had complaints of slight cervical discomfort, with 6 months of duration. She hadn’t personal or familiar relevant antecedents. At observation, a movable, elastic and non-tender nodule of 15mm at the right superior thyroid lobe was identified. Blood tests including a thyroid profile were normal. The neck ultrasound showed, at the right lobe of the thyroid, multiple solid nodules; the dominant had 18mm, was heterogeneous and had multiple calcifications. Moreover, lymph nodes with suspicious ultrasonographic features along the right internal jugular chain were reported. The patient underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the suspicious thyroid nodule and one lymph node. Results were respectively: non-diagnostic (Bethesda I) and reactive pattern. FNA was repeated on a different occasion and results were similar. Due to ultrasound suspicious of malignancy, a total thyroidectomy was performed and a lymph node from level IV was sampled for extemporaneous examination. Necrotizing granulomas were documented; the Ziehl-Neelson staining (ZNS) was negative; material was sent to microbiology. Following this finding, ganglion emptying was not performed. The thyroid histology showed tuberculoid type granulomas with lymphoid border and central necrosis. However, the ZNS was negative. The diagnosis was definitely established by a positive culture of the lymph node tissue and molecular detection, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), of MTB. Pulmonary involvement was excluded and she started antituberculous agents planned for 9 months (rifampicin and isoniazid during 9 months and ethambutol and pyrazinamide for 2 months). Conclusion: Thyroid TB is a rare presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In presence of systemic or specific complaints or history of exposition the diagnosis may be suspected and confirmatory tests requested in order to ensure an adequate treatment. However, sometimes, histopathology remains a key step and the use of cultures improves the sensitivity and specificity of TB tests.

scholarly journals Clinical, Molecular and Serological Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniosis: An Integrated Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Maria Paola Maurelli ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Valentina Foglia Manzillo ◽  
Fabrizio Vitale ◽  
Daniela Giaquinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fine Needle

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania and characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical signs in dogs. Early diagnosis is of great importance in order to perform an appropriate therapy and to prevent progression towards severe disease. The aim of this study was to compare a point-of-care molecular technique, i.e., the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR), and three serological techniques, i.e., immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a rapid SNAP Leishmania test, to develop an integrated approach for the diagnosis of CanL. Sixty dogs were chosen after physical examination and collection of blood and sera samples, fine-needle aspiration of lymph nodes, and conjunctival swabs were performed. Lymphadenopathy (82.3%), as well as clinicopathological alterations of total proteins (70.6%), were the most frequent signs. Forty-one (68.3%) samples resulted positive at least to one technique. IFAT resulted in the best serological diagnostic method (specificity = 100%, sensitivity = 97.2%), detecting a higher number of positive samples than those revealed by other techniques. Among the samples used for molecular analysis, fine-needle aspiration of lymph nodes was revealed as the best sample source. LAMP showed a substantial agreement (κ = 0.80; p <0.0001) with Rt-PCR; therefore, it could be promising for the rapid diagnosis of CanL. Nevertheless, further studies should be performed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Imported Canine leishmaniasis in Romania: a Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Gina Corina TOMA ◽  
Marian TAULESCU ◽  
Viorica MIRCEAN ◽  
Angela Monica IONICĂ ◽  
Roxana CORA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic disease considered endemic in the Mediterranean region. Romania is traditionally regarded as a non-endemic country.Considering the zoonotic character of the disease, this study aims to increase the knowledge on diagnostic aspects of CanL.A 2-year-old, mix breed male dog, recently returned from Italy had a history of progressive weight loss and skin lesions. The clinical examination was followed by hematology and serum biochemistry, fine-needle aspiration of lymph nodes, impression smears, VetExpert® rapid test Leishmania Ab, and PCR. The clinical examination revealed muscle atrophy, non-pruritic crusting dermatitis, ulcers, and lymphadenopathy. Hematology showed severe anemia. The serum biochemistry revealed hyperproteinaemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia. Cytological exams evidenced the intracellular amastigotes in macrophages, confirmed by rapid test and PCR.In Romania, under the light of the new case reports, leishmaniasis should be reconsidered from both veterinary and public health perspective.

scholarly journals Feline Prostatic Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pires De Oliveira ◽  
Brunna De Souza Barni ◽  
Lucas Antonio Heinen Schuster ◽  
Daniel Guimarães Gerardi ◽  
Emerson Antonio Contesini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Lower Urinary

Background: Prostatic cancer is a rare condition in cats but should be included as a differential diagnosis whenever middle-aged cats present lower urinary tract signs, such as dysuria and hematuria. Abdominal ultrasound can indicate the disease, but fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology are necessary to establish the neoplastic origin and the therapeutic plan. Because of the limited data, no standard-of-care treatment or prognostic information exists in cats with prostate carcinoma. This report describes the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical approach in a case of prostatic carcinoma in a cat. Case: A 6-year-old, intact male, domestic short-haired cat was presented with a 3-day history of dysuria, hematuria, inappetence, constipation, lethargy and prostration. On physical examination, the cat was in a very poor general condition and abdominal palpation revealed firm mass located caudally to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder presented high repletion degree, while the large bowel was distended and presented soft faecal content. Blood count, serum biochemistry and urinalysis showed neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia and high serum creatinine level, and severe hematuria, respectively. Abdominal ultrasound showed a mass located in the prostatic area with hypoechogenic and slightly heterogeneous parenchyma, measuring 3.3 x 3.0 cm. Echo-guided trans-abdominal fine-needle aspiration of the prostate was performed. Microscopically, the cells were round with basophilic cytoplasm, and had round to ovoid nuclei, dense chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Some cells were binucleated and mild anisocytosis and marked anisokaryosis were documented. These findings were compatible with malignant prostatic neoplasia. After initial clinical stabilization, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy for tumor resection. Cystotomy followed by pubic osteotomy was performed to access the tumor. Urethral anastomosis was necessary due to adherence of the neoplasm to adjacent structures. However, the patient died during the immediate postoperative period. No complications related to surgery were observed at necropsy. Tissue specimens were collected and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Prostatic carcinoma was confirmed by immunohistochemistry tests using streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, and primary antibodies against vimentin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and 7. Discussion: Prostatic neoplams are rare in cats and clinical signs are suggestive of lower urinary tract disease, such as dysuria and/or hematuria, associated with tenesmus. Abdominal or rectal palpation seems to be essential to detect the prostatic enlargement. Ultrasound imaging was more sensitive than radiography, since it brings more information about structure, size, form and prostatic internal architecture. The patient’s serum creatinine value above the normal range for cats indicated partial urethral obstruction, due to neoplastic concentric growth. Echo-guided trans-abdominal fine needle aspiration cytology was an effective method to confirm neoplastic etiology. The advanced stage of the disease and poor clinical condition probably contributed to death at the immediate postoperative period, even though the surgical technique seemed to be appropriate as demonstrated at necropsy. Also, the immunohistochemistry tests allowed to confirm the diagnosis and excluded the main differential diagnoses, such as urothelial carcinoma and prostatic sarcomatoid carcinoma.

scholarly journals Eosinophilic Folliculitis in a Dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Utida Eguchi ◽  
Alda Izabel De Souza ◽  
Veronica Jorge Babo-Terra ◽  
Luiz Henrique De Araújo Machado ◽  
Mariana Isa Poci Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Pemphigus Foliaceus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Nasal Bridge ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Lateral Canthus ◽  
Dermatological Disease

Background: Canine eosinophilic folliculitis is a dermatological disease of acute onset with development of erosive to ulcerative papular lesions, especially on the nasal bridge, that may cause severe skin abnormalities leading to discomfort and pain to the patient. The aim of this report was to characterize a case of a canine eosinophilic folliculitis with papular, ulcerative and crusting dermatitis on the nasal bridge, papules on eyelid and pinna, with confirmed diagnosis based on aspiration cytology, history and response to immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoid.Case: A 1-year-old intact Daschund was attended showing an acute onset (over 4 h) of generalized urticarial reaction and nonpruriginous lesion at the muzzle with mild serosanguineous exudate, which persisted for 96 h when the dog was evaluated. It was observed a papular and ulcerative dermatitis with serosanguineous exudate and hematic crusts at nasal bridge, papules measuring 2 mm in diameter in the medial and lateral canthus of the left eyelid, ulcerative papule with hematic crust in the border of left ear pinna, multifocal papules on the skin, dyskeratosis and generalized hair loss. The patient was anesthetized for blood sampling (CBC and serum biochemistry), lesions fine-needle aspiration, scraping and imprint for cytological examination, bacterial culture and nasal turbinates radiography. Fragments for histopathological evaluation were also collected. Erythrogram and platelet evaluation were unremarkable. Leukogram revealed leukocytosis (neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and eosinophilia). Serum biochemistry revealed hyperalbuminemia and discrete hyperproteinemia; values of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and globulins were within normal range. In cytological examination, intense cellularity was observed with predominance of eosinophils (60%), neutrophils (35%), macrophages performing cytophagocytosis (5%) and degenerated cells. There was no bacterial growth within 48 h after incubation of nasal bridge lesion swab. There were no abnormalities identified at radiographic evaluation of nasal turbinates. As the patient was already with antibiotic therapy and steroidal anti-inflammatory, it was opted to maintain it, since interruption between the day of examination and laboratory results could cause more prejudice than benefit, corticosteroid dose, however, was readjusted (prednisone 2 mg/kg/per os/every 24h). After 1 week of treatment the owner reported significant improvement of clinical signs without any further complaint.Discussion: Typically, type I hypersensitivity reactions such as insect bites do not exceed clinical signs of erythema, local edema and pruritus, with spontaneous remission of clinical signs within few hours after exposure to the antigen. Eosinophilic folliculitis, however, may cause more severe clinical alterations, such as pain, apathy and hyporexia. Nasal bridge is the predominant site described to be affected in cases of eosinophilic folliculitis, being auricular pinna, thorax and limbs considered atypical presentations which can delay proper diagnosis, since in endemic regions for diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis, infectious etiology may be listed first. Differential diagnosis also includes superficial pyoderma, juvenile cellulitis, pemphigus foliaceus and pharmacodermia. The case described in this report emphasize the importance of an accurate diagnosis as well as an early and adequate treatment in order to promote satisfactory response. Also, highlights inadequate use of antimicrobials as a direct consequence of lack of laboratorial investigation.Keywords: skin, eosinophilia, furunculosis, dermatitis, insects.

scholarly journals The Hematological and Biochemical Manifestations of Cutane-ous Leishmaniasis in a Shih Tzu-Terrier Dog with Severe Infection: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmooud AHMADI-HAMEDANI ◽  
Hediyeh HOSSEINPOUR ◽  
Hesamodin ESKAFIAN ◽  
Shayan DAVARPANAH
Keyword(s):  
Severe Infection ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Left Shift ◽  
Clinicopathological Findings ◽  
Leishmania Amastigotes ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Cutaneous involvement in canine leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania infantum, is the most frequent clinical manifestation of the zoonotic infectious disease. A 4-month-old female Shih Tzu-terrier dog with significant weight loss and depression and chronic erosive skin lesions around eyes and the area above the nose was presented to the Semnan University Veterinary Hospital teaching, Semnan, Iran. The main clinicopathological findings included marked leukocytosis, neutrophilia, left shift, monocytosis, mild hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was performed based on the presence of a large number of Leishmania amastigotes in skin Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). The dog was euthanized and sent to the autopsy department for further investigation.

scholarly journals Radiographic, Computed Tomographic and Cellular Phenotypic Features of Primary Nasal Transmissible Venereal Tumors in Four Dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waseem Aslam ◽  
Seng Fong Lau ◽  
Puteri Azaziah Megat Abdul Rani ◽  
Ikhwan Saufi Ahamad Azahari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Nasal Tissue ◽  
Nasal Tumors ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Vincristine Sulphate ◽  
Mixed Phenotype

Abstract Primary nasal canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a rare disease, developed by allografted transmission of neoplastic cells in the nasal cavity. The disease reported quite uncommonly in free roaming dogs with social behaviour of excessive licking and vigorously sniffing the affected parts of the other dogs in an endemic community. A non-resolving chronic epistaxis and/or serosanguinous discharge from nares is a common historical complaint. Usually, cytology of the nasal discharge/epistaxis or fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of nasal tissue is sufficient for definitive diagnosis. Currently, computed tomography scan (CT-scan) is the best modality to check the invasiveness of the disease and perform modified Adams staging of canine nasal tumors. In present study, all four dogs have stage-4 nasal tumors, due to the complete or partial lysis of the cribriform plate and lymphocytoid plasmacytoid (mixed) phenotype of the neoplastic cells based on the cellularity of cytological samples. All four dogs responded well to five cycles of vincristine sulphate and recovered completely from presented clinical signs. Prognosis is good based on the findings of present study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document