Bio-plastic Films Production from Feather Waste Degradation by Keratinolytic Bacteria Bacillus cereus

Plastic materials have become a necessity of human life especially in the packaging of food commodities and biomedical procedures. Bioplastic is emerging as an effective alternative to fossil oil-based materials to avoid the environmental hazards of the plastic industry. During this study, chicken feathers were used as a substrate to isolate keratin degrading bacteria. Among 14 identified isolates, Bacillus sp BAM3 was found to be the most promising isolate. Partial 16S rDNA analysis-based molecular characterization revealed it is a strain of Bacillus cereus. Bacillus sp BAM3 can grow and produce keratinase in feathers containing basal medium as the sole carbon and energy source. The maximum keratinase production (730U/ml) was achieved within 24 h under optimum reaction conditions. The optimized reaction pH and temperature were noted as 9.0 and 50 °C for crude keratinase activity, respectively. The chicken feathers were used as a substrate in 2, 5, and 10 wt% glycerol to synthesize keratin-based bioplastic with keratinolytic bacterium Bacillus cereus BAM3. Bioplastic prepared from keratin with 2% of glycerol was found to possess good mechanical properties. Therefore, the results present a novel keratinolytic isolate of Bacillus cereus BAM3, which may have potential biotechnological applications in keratin hydrolysis processes. The development of keratin-based bioplastics possessing superior crystalline morphology requires further investigations to substitute fossil oil-based materials.

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Screening and Characterisation of Keratin-Degrading Bacillus sp. from Feather Waste

Biotechnology Journal International ◽

10.9734/bji/2019/v23i130067 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

M. T. Dada ◽

S. M. Wakil

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Proteolytic Activity ◽

Bacillus Licheniformis ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

Feather Degradation ◽

Feather Waste ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Significant Difference

Aim: This study focuses on the screening and characterisation of keratin-degrading Bacillus species from feather waste. Methods: Nine bacteria were isolated from feather waste obtained from a poultry layout at Egbeda local government secretariat, Ibadan, Nigeria. These bacteria were grown in basal medium with feather as primary source of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and energy. Feather degrading bacteria were screened for both proteolytic activity and keratin degradation on skimmed milk agar and keratin azure medium respectively. They were also screened for their ability to degrade other keratin substrates such as hair and nail. Results: Three of the isolates with higher feather degradation levels also showed high proteolytic activity and release of azure dye. They were selected and identified phenotypically and genotypically using 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus licheniformis-K51, Bacillus subtilis-K50 and Bacillus sp.-K53. The bacteria were capable of degrading other keratin-containing substrates such as nail and hair. Bacillus subtilis-K50 and Bacillus licheniformis-K51 showed significant difference (P) in degradation among the three different keratin sources used yielding higher degradation with feather as keratin source with respective optical densities of 0.07 and 0.11 followed by hair and least in nails with optical densities of 0.05 and 0.07 respectively. Highest degradation of all the three keratin substrates was observed in Bacillus licheniformis-K51. Conclusion: The three isolated bacteria possess the ability to degrade keratin and utilize feather as keratin substrate. As a result, these can be considered as potential candidates for degradation and utilization of feather keratin.

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A primary study on nattokinase of bacterium Bacillus sp. isolated from nem chua

TAP CHI SINH HOC ◽

10.15625/0866-7160/v37n1se.6101 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (1se) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Quynh Uyen ◽

Hoang Thu Ha ◽

Nguyen Hong Nhung ◽

Phan Thi Ha ◽

Nguyen Huynh Minh Quyen

Keyword(s):

Primary Study ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

Bacterium Bacillus

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Isolation, identification and in silico study of native cellulase producing bacteria

Current Proteomics ◽

10.2174/1570164617666191127142035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Farzane Kargar ◽

Mojtaba Mortazavi ◽

Mahmood Maleki ◽

Masoud Torkzadeh Mahani ◽

Younes Ghasemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

16S Rdna ◽

Enzyme Production ◽

Rational Design ◽

Cellulase Production ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

Chain Polymer ◽

Bacillus Toyonensis

Aims: The purpose of this study was to screen the bacteria producing cellulase enzymes and their bioinformatics studies. Background: Cellulose is a long-chain polymer of glucose that hydrolyzes by cellulases to glucose molecules. In order to design the new biotechnological applications, some strategies have been used as increasing the efficiency of enzyme production, generating cost-effective enzymes, producing stable enzymes and identification of new strains. Objective: On the other hand, some bacteria special features have made them suitable candidates for the identification of the new source of enzymes. In this regard, some native strains of bacteria were screened. Method: These bacteria were grown on a culture containing the liquid M9 media containing CMC to ensure the synthesis of cellulase. The formation of a clear area in the culture medium indicated decomposition of cellulose. In the following, the DNA of these bacteria were extracted and their 16S rDNA genes were amplified. Result: The results show that nine samples were able to synthesize cellulase. In following, these strains were identified using 16S rDNA. The results show that these screened bacteria belonged to the Bacillus sp., Alcaligenes sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Enterobacter sp.conclusionThe enzyme activity analysis shows that the Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus sp. strain XA15-411 Bacillus cereus have produced the maximum yield of cellulases. However, these amounts of enzyme production in these samples are not proportional to their growth rate. As the bacterial growth chart within 4 consecutive days shows that the Alcaligenes sp. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus sp. strain XA15-411 have a maximum growth rate. The study of the phylogenetic tree also shows that Bacillus species are more abundant in the production of cellulase enzyme. These bioinformatics analyses show that the Bacillus species have different evolutionary relationships and evolved in different evolutionary time. Other: However, for maximum cellulase production by this bacteria, some information as optimum temperature, optimum pH, carbon and nitrogen sources are needed for the ideal formulation of media composition. The cellulase production is closely controlled in microorganisms and the cellulase yields appear to depend on a variety of factors. However, the further studies are needed for cloning, purification and application of these new microbial cellulases in the different commercial fields as in food, detergent, and pharmaceutical, paper, textile industries and also various chemical industries. However, these novel enzymes can be further engineered through rational design or using random mutagenesis techniques.

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