scholarly journals A Review on Design Basis for Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 373-377
Author(s):  
Dr. Kruti B. Jethwa
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Rate Selection ◽  
Wastewater Effluents

Since last few years Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are being used to treat secondary or tertiary municipal or domestic wastewater effluents have been recognized as an effective means of “green technology” for wastewater treatment. Constructed wetlands (CWs) provide a natural way for simple, inexpensive, and robust wastewater treatment. The idea of natural management systems is the restoration of disturbed ecosystems and their sustainability for remuneration to nature. The Constructed wetlands (CWs) are designed to copy natural wetland systems, utilizing wetland plants, soil and associated microorganisms using various biological, physicochemical processes to remove unwanted constituents from wastewater effluents. This review paper studies various types of constructed wetlands, i.e., surface or subsurface, vertical or horizontal flow and their type of operation, i.e., continuous, batch or intermittent flow, loading rate, selection of plants and wastewater characteristics that affect the treatment efficiency. The design models with their suitability for various parameters and operational conditions such as Darcy’s equation, Kadlec and Knight Model (K-C* model), Arrhenius equation, and population equivalent calculation have been discussed. Lastly, future research requirements have been considered.

scholarly journals Performance of Four Full-Scale Artificially Aerated Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Water ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Butterworth ◽  
Andrew Richards ◽  
Mark Jones ◽  
Gabriella Mansi ◽  
Ezio Ranieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Reciprocating constructed wetlands for treating industrial, municipal and agricultural wastewater

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Behrends ◽  
L. Houke ◽  
E. Bailey ◽  
P. Jansen ◽  
D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Operating Technique ◽  
Tennessee Valley ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Scientists at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), are continuing to develop and refine an innovative wastewater treatment system referred to as reciprocating subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. Reciprocation relates to patented improvements in the design and operation of paired subsurface-flow constructed wetlands, such that contiguous cells are filled and drained on a frequent and recurrent basis. This operating technique turns the entire wetland system into a fixed-film biological reactor, in which it is possible to control redox potential in alternating aerobic and anaerobic zones. Reciprocating systems enable manipulation of wastewater treatment functions by controlling such parameters as hydraulic retention time, frequency of reciprocation, reciprocation cycle time, depth of reciprocation, and size and composition of substrate. These improved wetland technologies have been used for treating municipal/domestic wastewater, high strength animal wastewater, and mixed wastewater streams containing acids, recalcitrant compounds, solvents, antifreeze compounds, heavy metals, explosives, and fertilizer nutrients. Results from selected treatability studies and field demonstrations will be summarized with respect to conceptual design and treatment efficacy.

Seeking a way to promote the use of constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zurita ◽  
M. A. Belmont ◽  
J. De Anda ◽  
J. R. White
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Zantedeschia Aethiopica ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anthurium Andreanum ◽  
Strelitzia Reginae

The aim of this study was to evaluate the domestic wastewater treatment efficiency as well as the survivability of commercially valuable ornamental plants in subsurface flow wetlands (SSFW) for domestic wastewater (DWW) treatment in laboratory and pilot wetland studies. The laboratory scale study included five different species (Zantedeschia aethiopica, Strelitzia reginae, Anthurium andreanum, Canna hybrids and Hemmerocallis dumortieri) that were evaluated in horizontal flow subsurface treatment cells. All the plants survived during the 6-month experimental period demonstrating high wetland nutrient treatment efficiency. In order to validate and expand these preliminary results, a pilot-scale wetland study was carried out in SSFWs under two different flow regimes (horizontal and vertical flow). Four ornamental species were tested during a 1-year period: Zantedeschia aethiopica, Strelitzia reginae, Anthurium andreanum and Agapanthus africanus. The removal efficiencies were significantly higher in the vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) for all pollutants, except for nitrate (NO3-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total suspended solids (TSS). These results show that it is feasible to use select non-wetland plants with high market value in SSFWs without reducing the efficiency of the wastewater treatment system, although future work should continue in order to apply this technology in a large scale. The added value of floriculture in treatment wetlands can help to promote the use of constructed wetlands (CW) for domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries where economical resources are scarce and water pollution with DWW is common.

Low-cost biosensors for continuous performance assessment of natural-based wastewater treatment systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Fernandez-Gatell ◽  
Xavier Sanchez-Vila ◽  
Jaume Puigagut
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
Bioelectrochemical Systems ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

<p>Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are devices that transform the chemical energy of organic and inorganic substrates into an electric current. BES represents a particularly interesting biosensor technology for monitoring the performance of  remote/isolated wastewater treatment facilities (such as constructed wetlands). The work presented here aimed to assess the potential use of the electric signal produced by low-cost, membrane-less BES systems as an indicator of the operational conditions and treatment performance of natural-based wastewater treatment systems. For this purpose, several BES configurations and operation modes working under real domestic wastewater conditions were monitored.</p><p>Results showed that the electric current produced by the BES significantly correlates with key parameters in biological-based wastewater treatment systems such as microbial activity and biomass, water COD or solids accumulation. Therefore, our work demonstrates the feasibility of applying bioelectrochemical-based low-cost biosensors for the improvement and control of natural-based wastewater treatment systems.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Keywords: bioelectrochemical systems, wastewater, microbial activity, organic matter, low-cost, biosensor</p>

Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Removal of Nutrients

2020 ◽  
pp. 559-587
Author(s):  
David de la Varga ◽  
Manuel Soto ◽  
Carlos Alberto Arias ◽  
Dion van Oirschot ◽  
Rene Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are low-cost and sustainable systems for wastewater treatment. Traditionally they have been used for urban and domestic wastewater treatment, but in the last two decades, the applications for industrial wastewater treatment increased due to the evolution of the technology and the extended research on the field. Nowadays, CWs have been applied to the treatment of different kind of wastewaters as such as refinery and petrochemical industry effluents, food industry effluents including abattoir, dairy, meat, fruit and vegetables processing industries, distillery and winery effluents, pulp and paper, textile, tannery, aquaculture, steel and mixed industrial effluents. In this chapter, the authors present the main types of CWs, explain how they work and the expected performances, and describe the principal applications of CWs for industrial wastewater treatment with particular attention to suspended solids, organic matter and nutrient removal. A review of these applications as well as some case studies will be discussed.

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