The shattered image : a study of occupational socialization experienced by municipal officers of the Vancouver and Ottawa police departments

Trust of the police is at a 22-year low in the United States (Jones, 2015). Many police departments hold community discussions in an attempt to educate civilians and increase trust in the police (Star, 2017). This research explores whether an in depth, play-by-play explanation of force used during a video of a violent arrest can increase civilians’ perceptions of the police. Participants either watched a video of a violent arrest with narration or the same video with no narration. The narrator explained the tactics used by the police officers and how the tactics were used to avoid escalation of the violence during the arrest. After viewing one of the videos, both groups filled out the Perceptions of Police (POP) scale to indicate the participants’ feelings about the police. The type of video watched did not influence POP scores, however two interactions were significant. These results suggest that the police should focus on other methods of gaining the trust of Americans.

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Introduction: Subjects and Systems

10.1093/oso/9780198830405.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Herzog

Keyword(s):

Political Philosophy ◽

Social Life ◽

Social Philosophy ◽

Police Departments ◽

Moral Criticism ◽

Meso Level ◽

Black Boxes ◽

Private Corporations ◽

Moral Questions

The Introduction sets out the problem this book addresses: organizations, in which individuals seem to be nothing but ‘cogs’, have become extremely powerful, while being apparently immune to moral criticism. Organizations—from public bureaucracies to universities, police departments, and private corporations—have specific features that they share qua organizations. They need to be opened up for normative theorizing, rather than treated as ‘black boxes’ or as elements of a ‘system’ in which moral questions have no place. The Introduction describes ‘social philosophy’ as an approach that addresses questions at the meso-level of social life, and situates it in relation to several strands of literature in moral and political philosophy. It concludes by providing a preview of the chapters of the book.

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Stability and change in vocational interest profiles and interest congruence over the course of vocational education and training

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1177/08902070211014015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089020702110140

Author(s):

Julian M Etzel ◽

Gabriel Nagy

Keyword(s):

Vocational Education ◽

Education And Training ◽

Vocational Education And Training ◽

Occupational Socialization ◽

Vocational Interest ◽

Interindividual Differences ◽

Aggregation Techniques ◽

Interest Congruence ◽

The Stability ◽

And Training

The current study is concerned with the stability of and changes in vocational interest profiles and interest congruence in vocational education and training (VET). Specifically, we examined (1) the stability of vocational interest profiles, (2) the existence of occupational socialization effects that manifest themselves as increases in person-environment (P-E) congruence, and (3) the question of whether or not changes in P-E congruence are psychologically relevant because they are related to trainees’ attitudes towards their VET course. We used data from a three-wave longitudinal sample comprising N = 2611 trainees from five different VET courses in Germany. Through the use of meta-analytical aggregation techniques, we were able to analyze interindividual differences in intraindividual interest stability and P-E congruence and to relate these differences to trainees’ satisfaction with VET. On average, interest profiles turned out to be highly stable over the entire course of VET. However, we found substantial interindividual and intergroup differences in interest stability. Average P-E congruence increased slightly in two groups, providing only little evidence for the presumed socialization effects. Nevertheless, interindividual differences in P-E congruence and changes in P-E congruence were psychologically relevant because they were linked to trainees’ satisfaction with their VET course and changes therein.

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Multicriteria Ranking for the Efficient and Effective Assessment of Police Departments

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4251

Author(s):

Thyago C. C. Nepomuceno ◽

Cinzia Daraio ◽

Ana Paula C. S. Costa

Keyword(s):

Criminal Behavior ◽

Performance Assessments ◽

Police Performance ◽

Police Departments ◽

Strategic Objectives ◽

Frontier Analysis ◽

Promethee Ii ◽

Effectiveness Analysis ◽

Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽

Effective Assessment

The nonparametric assessment of police efficiency and effectiveness is challenging due to the stochastic nature of criminal behavior and the subjective dependence on multiple decision criteria, leading to different prospects depending on the regulation, necessity, or organizational objective. There is a trade-off between sustainable efficiency and effectiveness in many police performance assessments, because many departments can be crime-specialized or cannot reproduce good results effectively on more severe or complex occurrences. This study aims to provide a non-compensatory ranking classification combining Conditional Frontier Analysis with the PROMETHEE II methodology for the multidimensional efficiency and effectiveness analysis of police. The results on Pernambuco (Brazil) Police departments offer interesting perspectives for public administrations concerning prioritizations of units based on the mitigation of resources and strategic objectives.

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Women and Policing: An Assessment of Factors Related to the Likelihood of Pursuing a Career as a Police Officer

Police Quarterly ◽

10.1177/10986111211009048 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109861112110090

Author(s):

Vanessa M. Diaz ◽

Lidia E. Nuño

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Police Officer ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Police Departments ◽

Political Climate ◽

Men And Women ◽

Underrepresentation Of Women ◽

Limited Generalizability

Law enforcement is still considered a male dominated occupation resulting in the underrepresentation of women in sworn personnel positions. While it is critical for police departments to have a more representative police force, there is a lack of research on the factors that affect the likelihood of women entering policing. Past studies suggest that men and women have similar reasons for joining policing. However, research on the factors that deter potential candidates from pursuing this career path is limited. This paper examines factors that may affect the likelihood of women pursuing a career in policing. We rely on data collected from a sample of undergraduate students enrolled in criminal justice courses (n = 421). Our results show that, relative to men, women are less likely to be interested in pursuing a career as a police officer. However, more than half of the women in our sample reported interest in pursuing a career in policing. We find that for men and women, the likelihood for pursuing a career in policing was affected by a number of personal characteristics and the current socio-political climate. While a notable limitation of our study is its limited generalizability, overall, our findings offer some promise for the potential of representative policing.

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