scholarly journals Punishment in School: The Role of School Security Measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Mowen
Keyword(s):  
School Security ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Security Officer ◽  
Suspension Rates ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Out Of School

Although investigation of school security measures and their relationships to various outcomes including school crime rates (Gottfredson, 2001), perpetuation of social inequality (Ferguson, 2001; Nolan, 2011; Welch & Payne, 2010), and the impact on childhood experiences has seen significant growth within the last 20 years (Newman, 2004; Kupchik, 2010), few studies have sought to explore the impacts of these measures on suspension rates. Using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study (2002), I explore the relationship between security measures and in-school, out-of-school, and overall suspension rates. Results indicate schools with a security officer experience higher rates of in-school suspensions but have no difference in rates of out-of-school or overall suspensions compared to schools without a security officer. No other measure of security was related to higher suspension rates. As prior literature suggests, schools with greater proportions of black students experienced significantly higher rates of all suspension types. Finally, different types of parental involvement correlated with both higher and lower suspension rates.

Racialized Perceptions of School Violence Suspensions of African-American Students

2019 ◽  
pp. 208-226
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Herron ◽  
Morghan Vélez Young-Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
African American Students ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
American Students ◽  
Learning School ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceptions Of School ◽  
Out Of School

The history and current practices of out-of-school suspensions significantly impact African-American students; research shows the practices to be overly used and target African-American students. This chapter explores the ways that school violence is responded to disproportionally and is entangled with racial mythology. That is, racial discrimination shows up in structural and interpersonal ways such as suspending and expelling students of Color for the same infractions for which White peers get to return to class such as kicking a trashcan, defiance, and truancies. The chapter closes with recommendations for educators and policymakers, focusing on ways to mitigate the impact of out-of-school suspension practices and racial discrimination in order to improve the future of learning, school discipline, and outcomes of African-American students.

Racialized Perceptions of School Violence Suspensions of African-American Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 1284-1302
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Herron ◽  
Morghan Vélez Young-Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
African American Students ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
American Students ◽  
Learning School ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceptions Of School ◽  
Out Of School

The history and current practices of out-of-school suspensions significantly impact African-American students; research shows the practices to be overly used and target African-American students. This chapter explores the ways that school violence is responded to disproportionally and is entangled with racial mythology. That is, racial discrimination shows up in structural and interpersonal ways such as suspending and expelling students of Color for the same infractions for which White peers get to return to class such as kicking a trashcan, defiance, and truancies. The chapter closes with recommendations for educators and policymakers, focusing on ways to mitigate the impact of out-of-school suspension practices and racial discrimination in order to improve the future of learning, school discipline, and outcomes of African-American students.

School Security in the Post-Columbine Era: Trends, Consequences, and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna King ◽  
Nicole L. Bracy
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
School Security ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Impact

Harsh and reactionary school security measures, including policing, surveillance technology, and emergency preparedness strategies increased substantially in the two decades following the mass shooting at Columbine High School in 1999. These strategies have limited empirical support for preventing violence in general and mass shootings, in particular. Instead, they have proven to be problematic, often doing more harm than good by criminalizing student misbehavior, contributing to negative school climate, and having psychological impacts on students’ perceptions of safety. In recent years, many schools have started to explore promising alternative approaches, including threat assessment, positive behavioral interventions, restorative practices, and improving relationships between students and adults. This article reviews the trends in school security from the 1990s through the present, drawing on national data from the U.S. Department of Education and scholarly research on school security. Our specific focus will be on the changes in school security that have been made to prevent or minimize the impact of potential school shooters. We also discuss the consequences of the school security boom and the future directions to ensure school safety.

Implications of Adult-Use Cannabis Legalization from the Perspective of Adolescent Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Elliott ◽  
Bryon Adinoffz
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
Criminal Penalties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceived Harm ◽  
Out Of School

Background: Adult-use cannabis legalization is being increasingly embraced by various jurisdictions in the United States (US) and internationally. As adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of cannabis, it is essential to ensure that the effects of adult-use legalization are minimized. Objectives: This review aimed to synthesize the extant literature exploring the impact of adult-use legalization on adolescents and provide recommendations for future action. We focused on the following domains: 1) prevalence of use, 2) high-frequency use, 3) perceived harm, 4) perceived availability, 5) modes of use, 6) potency, 7) mental health and medical outcomes, and 8) legal consequences. Methods: Narrative review is focused on adult-use legalization in the US. Results: Adolescent cannabis use prevalence in US legal (as well as illegal) states has remained essentially stable since the advent of adult-use legalization. Criminal penalties for adolescents have not decreased in legal states and maybe increasing; out-of-school suspensions for cannabis use may also be increasing. It is uncertain whether reported decreases in national rates of perceived harm and availability and increases in cannabis frequency and potency of use in adolescents differ between legal and illegal states. The impact of legalization on adolescent health outcomes remains uncertain. Conclusion: At this early stage of adult-use legalization, we recommend that jurisdictions implement real-time, detailed monitoring to assess adolescent outcomes. In addition, both criminal penalties and out-of-school suspensions for cannabis infractions should be minimized.

Does more crowd participation bring more value to crowdfunding projects? The perspective of crowd capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxiao Yin ◽  
Libo Liu ◽  
Kristijian Mirkovski
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Influence Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on investigating the impact of crowd participation on degree of project success, which is defined as the total amount of funds a project can obtain after it reaches its initial funding goal threshold. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the theory of crowd capital, this study develops six hypotheses about the impact of crowd capability of a fundraiser (i.e. project updates, goal setting, reward levels and social media usage) and crowd participation (i.e. namely, funds pledge and on-site communication) on degree of project success. The hypotheses are tested using data sets of successful projects collected from two popular crowdfunding websites. Findings This study finds that funds pledge has an inverse U-shaped relationship with degree of project success. Project updates, reward levels and on-site communication positively influence degree of project success, while funding goal negatively affects degree of project success. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to prior literature by investigating the degree of project success determinants using the perspectives of both fundraisers and crowds, which provides a more comprehensive understanding of what makes a crowdfunded project a success. Practical implications The empirical results of this study provide fundraisers with guidelines about how to access more funds after achieving the initial funding goals. Originality/value This work is one of the first to investigate the degree of project success and its determinants from the perspectives of both fundraisers and crowds.

The Impact of School Mental Health Services on Out-of-School Suspension Rates

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Bruns ◽  
Elizabeth Moore ◽  
Sharon Hoover Stephan ◽  
David Pruitt ◽  
Mark D. Weist
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
School Mental Health ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
Suspension Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Out Of School

Students and Perceived School Safety: The Impact of School Security Measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne E. Perumean-Chaney ◽  
Lindsay M. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
School Safety ◽  
School Security ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
The Impact

I Want To Learn But They Won’t Let Me: Exploring the Impact of School Discipline on Academic Achievement

2020 ◽  
pp. 004208592096862
Author(s):  
Charles Bell ◽  
Tiffany Puckett
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
School Suspensions ◽  
American Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceptions Of School ◽  
Out Of School

Using Critical Race Theory (CRT) as a guiding conceptual framework, this qualitative study examines black students’ and parents’ perceptions of school discipline and its impact on academic achievement. The findings support the notion that out-of-school suspension has a negative impact on the academic achievement of African American students and suggest that this phenomenon emerges through a multifaceted process that includes (a) missing assignments and having trouble catching up, (b) missing vital instruction throughout the disciplinary period, and (c) educator resistance to providing makeup work to students who receive out-of-school suspensions. This study also provides some practical recommendations for school leaders.

Resilience in Context: The Association between Neighborhood Disadvantage and Cumulative Positive Childhood Experiences among Justice-Involved Youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110298
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cumulative Trauma ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Immigrant Concentration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Alongside the research on the impact of cumulative trauma on later outcomes, scholars have started to investigate how an accumulation of protective factors may buffer adverse outcomes. However, these studies have failed to consider how one’s social context, in particular the levels of social disorganization and immigrant concentration present, may be associated with the accumulation of protective factors. Using data from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, the current study examines how both youth- and neighborhood-level factors predict cumulative positive childhood experiences (PCEs) among justice-involved youth. The results indicated that while immigrant concentration is unassociated with PCE accumulation, social disorganization is negatively associated with the number of PCEs, holding all else constant.

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