SELF-REALIZATION AS THE BASIS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY: A LOOK AT TWO EASTERN-BASED PRACTICES, TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION AND ALPHA BRAIN WAVE BIOFEEDBACK

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Robert A. C. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Meditation ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Eeg Monitoring ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Yoga Practitioners

The “name of the game” for all types of psychotherapy is ultimately the maximization of human happiness. All psychotherapy then becomes concerned with such notions as self-realization, self-actualization, human fulfilment, etc., although a given system may not use such terminology.This paper looks at some Eastern contributions to the promotion of self-realization—in particular a technique in the Hindu Yoga meditative tradition, Transcendental Meditation (TM) which is beginning to attract substantial scientific attention. In addition the paper also looks at some of the rather arresting research in alpha brain wave biofeedback training, originating from EEG monitoring of Zen and Yoga practitioners. People are training themselves to produce states of mind found subjectively to be pleasant.

Transcendental Meditation, Self/Actualization, and Global Personality

1982 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kline ◽  
Edward M. Docherty ◽  
Frank H. Farley
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Meditation ◽  
Self Actualization

Peak Performance Training Using Prefrontal EEG Biofeedback

Biofeedback ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estate “Tato” Sokhadze
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Performance Training ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Human Operators

The use of biofeedback training to self-regulate EEG patterns with the aim of recovering or optimizing function and behavioral performance is becoming increasingly established. The most reasonable approach is to learn to generate and maintain optimal brain wave patterns and produce associated peak performance states on demand. We report two studies where 12 sessions of prefrontal EEG feedback were used to improve performance in both clinical and nonclinical populations. Neurofeedback using Focus, Alertness, and 40 Hz (Neureka!) measures resulted in improved selective attention and other cognitive functions. We discuss other potential applications of neurofeedback in the areas of “under-pressure” activity, where peak performance state is an essential part of the job, such as in sports or the performing arts, as well as for human operators, such as air traffic dispatchers and military personnel on duty.

Transcendental Meditation and Psychological Health

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Hjelle
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Transcendental Meditation ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Personal Orientation

15 experienced transcendental meditators and 21 novice meditators were administered Bendig's anxiety scale, Rotter's Locus of Control scale, and Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory of self-actualization. As predicted, experienced meditators were significantly less anxious and more internally controlled than beginning meditators. Likewise, experienced meditators were significantly higher, i.e., more self-actualized, on 7 of Shostrom's 12 subscales. These impressive results are discussed in terms of the psychological health implications of Transcendental Meditation and its potential therapeutic applications.

Transcendental Meditation in the Treatment of Mental and Physical Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Orme-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Transcendental Meditation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Meditation Technique ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
The Mind

The Transcendental Meditation technique (TM) is a process of transcending from the active mind to the silent mind, creating a feeling of well-being that many people describe as blissful. As the mind settles, the body becomes deeply rested, as indicated by reductions of physiological stress markers. The meditator typically experiences expanded inner awareness, which corresponds to marked slowing of the breath and increased brain wave (EEG) coherence, a measure of brain integration that is associated with higher levels of creativity. This chapter reviews work on the effects of TM in major areas of human functioning such as physical and psychological health, considers its impact on behavior, and examines some of the processes through which TM has its effects. The literature suggests that regular TM practice can help defuse the stresses and strains accrued during the day. Through regular practice, the body begins to function in a more stress-free, efficient, and resilient way outside of meditation. Well-controlled studies indicate that TM results in improvements in physical health (e.g. it reduces hypertension and cardiovascular disease), and psychological health (e.g. it reduces anxiety, depression, and anger), as well as influencing people’s behavior (e.g. reductions in drug, alcohol, and cigarette use, as well as in recidivism).

scholarly journals Prospects for Using Adaptive Biofeedback to Train Musicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-516
Author(s):  
Tatiana I. Petrenko ◽  
Olga M. Bazanova ◽  
Muhamed K. Kabardov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Finger Movement ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
Sham Biofeedback ◽  
Alpha Peak

The use of biofeedback (BFB) technology becomes relevant for professional training of musicians to achieve success in psychomotor function control. We compared two training approaches: 20-22 sessions of alpha-EEG/EMG biofeedback implication to increase the аlpha-2 power while reducing the tension of the forehead muscles and sham biofeedback training. Fifty student musicians (18-28 years old) were divided randomly by age, gender, performing specialty, and individual EEG alpha-peak frequency (IAPF) into two groups. Music performance, state anxiety, self-actualization, nonverbal creativity, coefficient of finger movement optimality (Ko) and the efficiency of the single training session (E1) were evaluated before and after for both types of courses. We calculated the change of the EEG power in the individually adjusted alpha-2 range in the Pz and the integrated EMG power of the surface muscles of the forehead in response to finger movement. Training with biofeedback improved music performance score, increased self-actualization, Ko, and E1 while reducing pre-stage anxiety. The students who received the sham biofeedback did not achieve such improvements. When using biofeedback, students with baseline low alpha-peak frequency (LF) showed a more significant increase in scores for music performance, Ko, and E1 than students with high alpha-peak frequency (HF). In LF students, the sessions without biofeedback did not change the studied parameters. In this pilot placebo-controlled study, we demonstrated that achieving success in the optimal musical performance training depends on the baseline genetically determined IAPF and feedback implication from the EEG alpha-2 power and forehead muscle tone.

A Finite State Model for Meditation Phenomena

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Jerry Waxman
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Finite State Machine ◽  
Transcendental Meditation ◽  
State Machine ◽  
State Model ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Finite State Model ◽  
Finite State ◽  
The Brain

Various reports of brain wave synchrony during Transcendental Meditation have appeared in the literature and have been interpreted as indicating a heightened state of integration of brain function. We suggest that this observed synchrony rather than indicating a greater integration of brain function might be an artifact of parts of the brain acting like a finite state machine. The finite state model is developed, its properties derived and a test for the hypothesis is presented.

Sociocultural Predictors of Self-Actualization in EEG-Biofeedback-Treated Alcoholics

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Twemlow ◽  
W. T. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Community Support ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Eeg Biofeedback ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
Personal Orientation

A multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to study the predictive value of a number of social and cultural variables for the Personal Orientation Inventory scores before and after treatment with EEG biofeedback training in a severely addicted inpatient alcoholic population ( n = 67). Pretreatment high self-actualization scores are best predicted by white, well-educated patients whose relationship with family is good and for whom community-support structures are available. However, at post-treatment religious attitude became the major predictor in most scales. The significance of these findings is discussed with respect to the selection and rational prescription of treatment of alcoholic patients with EEG biofeedback.

Influence of transcendental meditation on a measure of self-actualization.

1972 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Seeman ◽  
Sanford Nidich ◽  
Thomas Banta
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Meditation ◽  
Self Actualization

scholarly journals Biofeedback in psychomotor training. Two month course results

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Ye. M. Mernaya ◽  
A. V. Kondratenko ◽  
O. Kondratenko ◽  
O. M. Bazanova
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
Training Efficiency

With the aim to compare the impact of usual training and training with the use of biofeedback, the psychometric and electrophysiological features of 36 musical students were investigated. Two month biofeedback training caused increase in self actualization, improving the musical performance score, decrease state and trait anxiety, increase of the individual adjusted alpha-2 indices, but theta-, alpha-1 and beta- activities did not change. Optimal psychomotor reaction for usual self practice (enhancement in alphaactivity and decrease in muscle tension) was achieved during biofeedback training. Training efficiency depended on the baseline electropsysiological features of optimal functioning: peak frequency, band width, power and coherence in individual alpha range, reaction activation. It was concluded that upper alpha stimulating and EMG decreasing biofeedback training leads to development of optimal psychomotor behavioral strategy.

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