REACTIONS TO VICTIMS OF CRIME: SYMPATHY, DEFENSIVE ATTRIBUTION, AND THE JUST WORLD

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Ross Gold ◽  
Pamela G. Landerman ◽  
Kathryn Wold Bullock
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Reaction Pattern ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Just World ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Victims Of Crime

Two studies were conducted that explored observers' perceptions of the responsibility of a victim for her involvement in a premeditated crime. Male and female college students listened to tapes of a purported victim describing a crime (either a rape or a mugging). Severity of crime was manipulated by having some of the crimes described as unsuccessful attempts and others as successful ones. There was a general tendency toward what we have called a sympathetic reaction pattern, that is, for victims to be assigned less responsibility the more severe the crime. This effect was strongest among those individuals who believed they had a low probability of encountering a fate similar to that of the victim. Those individuals who believed they had a high probability of encountering a fate similar to the victim's tended to make defensive attributions.

Adults' Perceptions of Children's Independence and other Sex-Role Characteristics as a Function of Child's Gender Label

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Bell ◽  
Kay Hibbs ◽  
Thomas Milholland
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex

Male and female college students were presented with a photograph labeled as a 5-yr.-old boy or girl and heard statements attributed to the child. They then rated the child on sex-role traits and responded to open-ended questions about the child. The primary findings involved sex of child by sex of adult interactions on ratings of independence and leadership: in both cases, same-sex children were rated higher than opposite-sex children. There was also some evidence that women having high contact with children rated the child more extremely on opposite-sex traits than did those with little contact.

Medical Students' Edwards Personal Preference Schedule Norms

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Thorson ◽  
F. C. Powell
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule

Three consecutive classes of freshman medical students completed the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule; results were compared to published norms for male and female college students. 171 male medical students scored significantly lower on the traits of Order, Exhibition, and Dominance and were higher on Affiliation, Succorance, Nurturance, and Heterosexuality. 51 female medical students scored significantly lower on the traits of Exhibition, Affiliation, and Abasement; they were higher on Achievement, Succorance, and Nurturance.

Body-Image Dissatisfaction among American Male and Female College Students: A Computer-Based Graphical Approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan C. Gustavson ◽  
Carl R. Gustavson ◽  
Monica P. Gabaldon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
State Colleges ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Graphical Approach ◽  
Female College ◽  
Computer Based

College students (56 women and 43 men) attending state colleges in the southwestern United States were tested for body-image dissatisfaction using a computer-based graphical body-image task. A reliable relationship between desired stature and desired body-image was observed for the women. Women of large stature showed a greater discrepancy between verbally reported desired stature and redrawn images of desired stature than women of average or smaller than average stature. No reliable discrepancy between desired body-image and verbally reported desired stature was shown by the men.

Cognitive Differences between the Sexes in Memory for Names and Faces

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Borges ◽  
Linda S. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Test Female ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Female Subjects

22 male and 22 female college students were shown 30 pairs of faces and names to learn. Subsequent tests indicated that all students recognized more female stimuli than male stimuli and more names than faces. On the name-face matching test, female subjects performed better than did males, and male and female stimuli were matched equivalently.

Eating-disordered behavior among male and female college students in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 101378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza N. Sahlan ◽  
Fatemeh Taravatrooy ◽  
Virginia Quick ◽  
Jonathan M. Mond
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Eating Disordered

Perception of Horizontality by Male and Female College Students

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Kelly ◽  
Gwendolyn N. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College

Understanding of the principle of horizontality was tested by having 314 university students draw the water surface on pictures of tilted bottles. Adults appear to have difficulty with this task and females performed much more poorly than males.

Impulsivity and expectancy in risk for alcohol use: Comparing male and female college students in Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1887-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
An-Ting Fu ◽  
Huei-Chen Ko ◽  
Jo Yung-Wei Wu ◽  
Bing-Lin Cherng ◽  
Chung-Ping Cheng
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College
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