CORRELATES OF WOMEN'S REPRESENTATION IN LOWER STATE LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woodrow Jones ◽  
Albert J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
State Politics ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
State Legislative

This comparative, quantitative analysis complements the varied literature concerning women in politics by illustrating the importance of two domains in that literature: state socio-economic development and political-cultural factors. This analysis supports the observations made in some case studies that women's representation is bound by certain socio-economic parameters. Factors which operationalize the socio-economic development of a state are found more important than political-cultural dimensions of state politics. By supplementing case studies with the comparative aggregate data of this paper, one contributes to a more holistic understanding of women in state politics.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Agnes Cornell ◽  
Jørgen Møller ◽  
Svend-Erik Skaaning
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Party Institutionalization ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Many ◽  
Western Democracies ◽  
Civil Societies

Against the backdrop of the economic crisis that began in 2008 and the rise of populist parties, a new body of research has used interwar political developments to warn that even long-established Western democracies are fragile. We challenge this interwar analogy based on the fact that a relatively large number of interwar democracies were able to survive the recurrent crises of the 1920s and 1930s. The main aim of this book is to understand the striking resilience of these democracies, and how they differed from the many democracies that broke down in the same period. Previous theoretical accounts, which can be divided into structuralist, elitist, associational, and performance-based perspectives, do not adequately explain this variation. We advance an explanation that nests an associational perspective in a structuralist perspective. The model centres on democratic legacies and strong associational landscapes (i.e. vibrant civil societies and party institutionalization). These factors are rooted in a set of structural conditions associated with socio-economic development and state- and nation-building processes. Our empirical strategy consists of a combination of systematic comparisons of all interwar democratic spells and in-depth case-studies.

scholarly journals Political Ideology Modifies the Effect of Glass Cliff Candidacies on Election Outcomes for Women in American State Legislative Races (2011–2016)

2021 ◽  
pp. 036168432199204
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Robinson ◽  
Clara Kulich ◽  
Cristina Aelenei ◽  
Vincenzo Iacoviello
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
State Variation ◽  
Glass Cliff ◽  
State Legislative

Research on glass cliff political candidacies shows that compared to men, women are more likely to run for office in districts where they are likely to lose. We examined if party differences in whether female candidates face these worse conditions in the United States could account for persistent and growing party and state variation in women’s representation. Using election data from 2011 to 2016, we compared Republican versus Democratic candidacies at the state legislative level. We found that women in both parties faced glass cliffs in House races, but not in the Senate. For Republican women, glass cliff conditions accounted for worse election outcomes, but Democratic women were more likely to win when these conditions were considered. Variation in party by state measures of glass cliff effects were also found to explain state variation in women’s office holding. We found that for Democrats, more women win when more women run, but for Republicans, more women win only when the seats they face are more winnable. These results point to the role of polarized traditional versus progressive political ideologies in structuring the motives which underlie glass cliff conditions for women in politics, suggesting that practical solutions be tailored to party. To overcome the growing gap in women’s representation, current efforts to increase the quantity of women running would be complemented by a focus on improving the quality of contests they face, with Republican women most likely to benefit. Further research attending to the multiple sources of variation which impact gendered election outcomes can inform more targeted solutions for advancing equality. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684321992046

scholarly journals Why Business Schools Must Teach “Arthashastra Related Karma” Lessons? - A Study on Awareness regarding Kautilya’s Arthashastra amongst B –School Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindhar Vadapalli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
School Students ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Increasing Trend

Most of the MBA Colleges and Business Schools are not imparting Arthashastra, karma lessons apart from the formal courses, case studies and classwork on finance, marketing, accounting and economics’-B-School students in India deserve to learn about Kautilya’s Arthashastra, an ancient treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy. “The scandals like Sahara, Satyam, Chit fund Scams, Kingfisher Airlines and Nirav Modi, further increasing trend of wilful loan defaulters to banks, huge deposits made by a few business firms/individuals during demonetisation expose the weak foundations of ethics and values in Indian business scenarios,” therefore Business Schools must come forward to teach beyond Business Ethics i.e.., Karma Lessons and Socio Economic Development process as mentioned in Arthashastra. This article highlights Socio, Economic and Development thoughts of Kautilya’s Arthashastra that is relevant to Business Schools.

scholarly journals Mumpreneurship for urban development

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeeh Elsebaie ◽  
Elena Ganebnykh ◽  
Mikhail Lunyakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Experiences Of Women ◽  
European Women ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

This article examines the experiences of women entrepreneurs who started their business in the maternity or childcare leave period. The findings significantly differ from those case studies reported in the literature. The examined case highlights the financial reason that contradicts earlier publications regarding European women who ‘want to be a good mom, but not just a housewife’. Furthermore, the study revealed the lack of knowledge among mumpreneurs in the field of law and taxation. Therefore, they mostly operate without official registration and pay no taxes. However, the data from this study revealed certain latent entrepreneurial potential that can be developed and may influence socio-economic development of the community.

Where Have Women Made the Most Strides?

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-68
Author(s):  
Maria C. Escobar-Lemmon ◽  
Valerie J. Hoekstra ◽  
Alice J. Kang ◽  
Miki Caul Kittilson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Law ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
High Courts ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross National

Chapter 3 asks where and why have women made the most strides on high courts? What factors help courts move beyond having one “woman’s seat”? This chapter draws on the authors’ dataset on the percentage and number of women on high courts. The chapter describes regional, cross-national, and time-serial variation in the gender composition of courts and identifies the courts which have achieved gender parity. Analyses reveal that both international and regional influences play a significant role in explaining women’s representation after the appointment of the first woman, more so than accountable selectors or economic development. Specifically, the analysis suggests that courts located in regions of the world where women are commonly included on courts, as well as those with a longer commitment to international law, have more women. Additionally, larger courts are more likely to have more women justices. The chapter also underscores how progress toward parity on courts is not linear, identifying those courts which reverted to being all-men after having appointed the first woman.

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