THE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE INTERPERSONAL REACTIVITY INDEX

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Pulos ◽  
Jeff Elison ◽  
Randy Lennon
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Orthogonalization Procedure

The hierarchical factor structure of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1980) inventory was investigated with the Schmid-Leiman orthogonalization procedure (Schmid & Leiman, 1957). The sample consisted of 409 college students. The analysis found that the IRI could be factored into four first-order factors, corresponding to the four scales of the IRI, and two second-order orthogonal factors, a general empathy factor and an emotional control factor.

Toward a More Perfect Conceptualization of Perfectionism: An Exploratory Factor Analysis in Undergraduate College Students

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112097685
Author(s):  
Anthony Robinson ◽  
Sara Stasik-O’Brien ◽  
Matthew Calamia
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Evaluative Concerns ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

Previous investigations on the factor structure of perfectionism have largely focused on the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. The current study aimed to identify the underlying factor structure of perfectionism, based on several widely used measures, and to examine how these factors related to psychopathology and personality broadly. College students ( N = 598) completed several measures of perfectionism and broadband measures of psychopathology and personality. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was conducted to examine the hierarchical structure of perfectionism followed by exploratory factor analysis. The hierarchical structure examined provides a framework for understanding the relationship between models of perfectionism at different levels of the hierarchy. The exploratory factor analysis revealed five dimensions of perfectionism: Achievement Striving, Evaluative Concerns, Expectations From Others, Narcissistic Perfectionism, and Organization. These dimensions were associated with psychopathology to differing degrees and were differentially related to personality. These results support using a multidimensional perspective to understand perfectionism.

Assessing Cognitive and Affective Empathy Through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia G. Chrysikou ◽  
W. Jake Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
First Time

One aspect of higher order social cognition is empathy, a psychological construct comprising a cognitive (recognizing emotions) and an affective (responding to emotions) component. The complex nature of empathy complicates the accurate measurement of these components. The most widely used measure of empathy is the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). However, the factor structure of the IRI as it is predominantly used in the psychological literature differs from Davis’s original four-factor model in that it arbitrarily combines the subscales to form two factors: cognitive and affective empathy. This two-factor model of the IRI, although popular, has yet to be examined for psychometric support. In the current study, we examine, for the first time, the validity of this alternative model. A confirmatory factor analysis showed poor model fit for this two-factor structure. Additional analyses offered support for the original four-factor model, as well as a hierarchical model for the scale. In line with previous findings, females scored higher on the IRI than males. Our findings indicate that the IRI, as it is currently used in the literature, does not accurately measure cognitive and affective empathy and highlight the advantages of using the original four-factor structure of the scale for empathy assessments.

Anselm on Eudaemonism and the hierarchical structure of moral choice

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERIN A. ROGERS
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Analysis ◽  
Harry Frankfurt ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
God's Will ◽  
First Order ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Anselm Of Canterbury ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Natural Inclination

Because Anselm of Canterbury argues that the morally responsible created agent must have the option to choose between justice and benefit, many scholars conclude that he is a proto-Kantian, pitting duty against self-interest and natural inclination. This is mistaken. Anselm proposes a hierarchical schema, prefiguring that of Harry Frankfurt, in which the inclination for justice constitutes a second-order desire that one's first-order desires for benefits should be moderated to conform to God's will. I defend this interpretation through careful textual analysis, then show that Anselm's hierarchical analysis is not subject to some of the criticisms one might raise against Frankfurt's.

Approval Versus Disapproval of Dogfighting and Cockfighting Among College Students

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
Melody Molina ◽  
Hiroko Arikawa ◽  
Donald I. Templer
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community College Students ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index

We explored the extent of approval/disapproval of dogfighting and cockfighting in 206 community college students with 97.1% disapproving of dogfighting and 93.8% disapproving of cockfighting. Disapproval of dogfighting was associated with higher scores on the Pet Attitude Scale (Templer, Salter, Dickey, Baldwin, & Veleber, 1981), scoring in the continuous rather than dichotomous direction on the Animal-Human Continuity Scale (Templer, Connelly, Bassman, & Hart, 2006), and high scoring in empathy toward humans on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980). Disapproval of cockfighting was associated with women. Despite the finding of an extremely high percentage of disapproval of dogfighting and cockfighting, continued educational programs and preventive efforts are recommended to achieve our aim, which is zero dogfighting and cockfighting.

scholarly journals A German Adaptation of the Prosociality Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Fassbender ◽  
Maike Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
German Adaptation

Abstract. Introduction: This paper presents a German translation of the 16-item Prosociality Scale. We analyzed its factor structure based on theoretical assumptions regarding the inclusion of empathy as one element of prosociality or as its underlying construct. Methods and Results: We translated the items into German taking into account both the English and the Italian item wordings. The scale's factor structure was analyzed with three models testing (1) unidimensionality, (2) a four-factor structure with four items on each factor, and (3) a variant of a bifactor model with a general factor including all items and three residual factors with four items each. We analyzed construct validity using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Finally, we identified two 13-item versions with good model fit. Conclusion: The German Prosociality Scale is not unidimensional. Empathy seems to be the underlying construct of prosociality, but it can also be considered an element of prosociality.

Relationship of Self-Compassion, Hope, and Emotional Control to Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness, and Suicidal Ideation

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laura R. Umphrey ◽  
John C. Sherblom ◽  
Paulina Swiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Background: Cultivating positive feelings of self in relationships with others can affect perceptions of belongingness and burdensomeness. Aims: The present study examines the relationships of self-compassion, hope, and emotional control to thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation. Method: Participants were 481 college students who completed scales measuring self-compassion, hope, emotional control, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation. Results: Correlation and parallel mediation analysis results show relationships between self-compassion, hope, and emotional control with perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation. Limitations: The study is limited by its cross-sectional design, sample demographics, and inability to distinguish between individuals with suicidal ideation and those who attempt suicide. Conclusion: The results show that the relationships of self-compassion, hope, and emotional control to perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation are worth further investigation.

Factor Structure of the Anxiety Sensitivity Profile: Evidence for a Hierarchical Structure

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig N. Sawchuk ◽  
David F. Tolin ◽  
Suzanne A. Meunier ◽  
Scott O. Lilienfeld ◽  
Jeffrey M. Lohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Couples

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Péloquin ◽  
Marie-France Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index
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