scholarly journals A German Adaptation of the Prosociality Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Fassbender ◽  
Maike Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
German Adaptation

Abstract. Introduction: This paper presents a German translation of the 16-item Prosociality Scale. We analyzed its factor structure based on theoretical assumptions regarding the inclusion of empathy as one element of prosociality or as its underlying construct. Methods and Results: We translated the items into German taking into account both the English and the Italian item wordings. The scale's factor structure was analyzed with three models testing (1) unidimensionality, (2) a four-factor structure with four items on each factor, and (3) a variant of a bifactor model with a general factor including all items and three residual factors with four items each. We analyzed construct validity using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Finally, we identified two 13-item versions with good model fit. Conclusion: The German Prosociality Scale is not unidimensional. Empathy seems to be the underlying construct of prosociality, but it can also be considered an element of prosociality.

Assessing Cognitive and Affective Empathy Through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia G. Chrysikou ◽  
W. Jake Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
First Time

One aspect of higher order social cognition is empathy, a psychological construct comprising a cognitive (recognizing emotions) and an affective (responding to emotions) component. The complex nature of empathy complicates the accurate measurement of these components. The most widely used measure of empathy is the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). However, the factor structure of the IRI as it is predominantly used in the psychological literature differs from Davis’s original four-factor model in that it arbitrarily combines the subscales to form two factors: cognitive and affective empathy. This two-factor model of the IRI, although popular, has yet to be examined for psychometric support. In the current study, we examine, for the first time, the validity of this alternative model. A confirmatory factor analysis showed poor model fit for this two-factor structure. Additional analyses offered support for the original four-factor model, as well as a hierarchical model for the scale. In line with previous findings, females scored higher on the IRI than males. Our findings indicate that the IRI, as it is currently used in the literature, does not accurately measure cognitive and affective empathy and highlight the advantages of using the original four-factor structure of the scale for empathy assessments.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the 25-Item Connor-Davison Resilience Scale: Preliminary Data for a Romanian Military Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Iulia-Clarisa Giurcă ◽  
Adriana Baban ◽  
Sebastian Pintea ◽  
Bianca Macavei
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

AbstractThe following study is aimed at investigating the construct validity of the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 25) on a Romanian military population. The exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 434 male military participants, aged between 24 and 50 years (M = 34.83, S.D. = 6.14) and the confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on a sample of 679 military participants, of 605 men and 74 women, aged between 18 and 59 years (M = 38.37, S.D. = 9.07). Factor analysis of the scale showed it to be a bidimensional, rather than a multidimensional instrument, as the original five-factor structure was not replicated in this military Romanian sample. Moreover, EFAs suggested that a 14-item bidimensional model should be retained and CFA confirmed that this model fit the data best.

scholarly journals Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Adolescent Psychiatric Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Keller ◽  
Inken Kirschbaum-Lesch ◽  
Joana Straub
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Specific Factors

The revised version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is one of the most frequently applied questionnaires not only in adults, but also in adolescents. To date, attempts to identify a replicable factor structure of the BDI-II have mainly been undertaken in adult populations. Moreover, most of the studies which included minors and were split by gender lacked confirmatory factor analyses and were generally conducted in healthy adolescents. The present study therefore aimed to determine the goodness of fit of various factor models proposed in the literature in an adolescent clinical sample, to evaluate alternative solutions for the factor structure and to explore potential gender differences in factor loadings. The focus was on testing bifactor models and subsequently on calculating bifactor statistical indices to help clarify whether a uni- or a multidimensional construct is more appropriate, and on testing the best-fitting factor model for measurement invariance according to gender. The sample comprised 835 adolescent girls and boys aged 13–18 years in out- and inpatient setting. Several factor models proposed in the literature provided a good fit when applied to the adolescent clinical sample, and differences in goodness of fit were small. Exploratory factor analyses were used to develop and test a bifactor model that consisted of a general factor and two specific factors, termed cognitive and somatic. The bifactor model confirmed the existence of a strong general factor on which all items load, and the bifactor statistical indices suggest that the BDI-II should be seen as a unidimensional scale. Concerning measurement invariance across gender, there were differences in loadings on item 21 (Loss of interest in sex) on the general factor and on items 1 (Sadness), 4 (Loss of pleasure), and 9 (Suicidal Thoughts) on the specific factors. Thus, partial measurement invariance can be assumed and differences are negligible. It can be concluded that the total score of the BDI-II can be used to measure depression severity in adolescent clinical samples.

scholarly journals A-15 Examining the Construct Validity of the Halstead Category Test - Computer Version: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-874
Author(s):  
W Goette ◽  
A Schmitt ◽  
J Nici
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Slide Projector ◽  
Category Test ◽  
Computer Version ◽  
Halstead Category Test ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Objective To examine evidence of construct validity for the Halstead Category Test – Computer Version (HCT-CV). Previous factor analyses on the HCT generally found the following structure: a Counting factor comprised of Subtests I and II; a Spatial Reasoning factor of Subtests III, IV, and VII; and a Proportional Reasoning factor of Subtests V and VI. Method Data were collected from a diagnostically heterogeneous sample of 105 adults (56 males, 49 females) referred for neuropsychological evaluation who completed the HCT-CV. The sample had an average educational attainment of 14.37 years (SD = 2.98 years) and an average age of 62.30 years (SD = 17.53). The total number of errors made on each of the seven HCT subtests were computed for each participant, and these data were used to complete a regularized confirmatory factor analysis based on the identified factor structure of the HCT. Results The confirmatory factor analysis converged normally. The model fitting the HCT factor structure demonstrated excellent overall fit to the HCT-CV data: χ2(11) = 12.20, p = .35; RMSEA = 0.03 (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.11); SRMR = 0.03; CFI = 1.00; TLI = 0.99. Analysis of the residuals and modification indexes further confirmed the excellent model fit. Conclusions The HCT-CV demonstrates what appears to be an unchanged factor structure to the HCT. This finding supports the computerized version construct validity as being seemingly unchanged from that of the slide projector version. This model fit may be viewed as promising for the comparability between the original version and the computerized version.

THE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE INTERPERSONAL REACTIVITY INDEX

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Pulos ◽  
Jeff Elison ◽  
Randy Lennon
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Orthogonalization Procedure

The hierarchical factor structure of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1980) inventory was investigated with the Schmid-Leiman orthogonalization procedure (Schmid & Leiman, 1957). The sample consisted of 409 college students. The analysis found that the IRI could be factored into four first-order factors, corresponding to the four scales of the IRI, and two second-order orthogonal factors, a general empathy factor and an emotional control factor.

scholarly journals Improving the Measurement of Food Insecurity among People with HIV in South Africa: A Psychometric Examination

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Jasper S. Lee ◽  
Cengiz Zopluoglu ◽  
Lena S. Andersen ◽  
Amelia M. Stanton ◽  
Jessica F. Magidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Specific Factors

Abstract Objective: Food insecurity is a structural barrier to HIV care in peri-urban areas in South Africa (SA), where approximately 80% of households are moderately or severely food insecure.(1) For people with HIV (PWH), food insecurity is associated with poor ART adherence and survival rates. Yet, measurement of food insecurity among PWH remains a challenge. Design: This study examines the factor structure of the 9-item Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS, isiXhosa-translated) among PWH in SA using a restrictive bifactor model. Setting: Primary care clinics in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban settlement in Cape Town, SA. Participants: Participants (N=440) were PWH who received HIV care in Khayelitsha screening for a clinical trial. Most were categorized as severely (n=250, 56.82%) or moderately (n=107, 24.32%) food insecure in the past 30 days. Results: Revised parallel analysis suggested a 3-factor structure, which was inadmissible. A 2-factor structure was examined but did not adequately fit the data. A 2-factor restrictive bifactor model was examined, such that all items loaded on a general factor (food insecurity) and all but two items loaded on one of two specific additional factors, which adequately fit the data (CFI=0.995, SRMR=0.019). The two specific factors identified were: anxiety/insufficient quality, and no food intake. Reliability was adequate (ω=.82). Conclusions: Results supported the use of a total score, and identified two specific factors of the HFIAS, which may be utilized in future research and intervention development. These findings help identify aspects of food insecurity that may drive relationships between the construct and important HIV-related variables.

scholarly journals Translation and Validation of Psychological Capital Questionnaire

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-225
Author(s):  
Saadiya Abbasi ◽  
Anila Kamal ◽  
Sobia Masood
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Age Range

The present study was conducted to translate the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24; Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007) Urdu language and to establish the construct validity of the translated version. The study was completed in two phases. In the first phase, Urdu version of PCQ-24 was obtained after the forward and back translations as per the guidelines suggested by Brislin (1970). In the second phase, the Urdu version of PCQ-24 was validated which measures the construct of psychological capital. The sample comprised of 380 small business entrepreneurs (Men = 270, women = 110), taken from Rawalpindi and Islamabad with age range of 18 to 50 years. For this instrument, two concurrent models were tested through confirmatory factor analysis; the first model analyzed was for a four-factor structure. In this model, four subscales of PCQ-24 including Self-efficacy, Hope, Resilience, and Optimism were taken as interrelated factors. While, the second model was a hierarchical model in which four subscales were loaded onto a latent factor of PsyCap. Results established that the four-factor structure of PsyCap showed better fit than the higher-order factor structure. Furthermore, PCQ-24 showed adequate construct validity and reliability after excluding three problematic items (i.e., no. 13, 20, & 23) which were found to cause poor model-fit and lower the reliabilities. Overall, the findings show that newly translated Urdu version of PCQ-24 is a reliable and a valid measure in Pakistani context.

scholarly journals Three recommendations based on a comparison of the reliability and validity of the predominant models used in research on the empirical structure of psychopathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam K. Forbes ◽  
Ashley Lauren Greene ◽  
Holly Levin-Aspenson ◽  
Ashley L. Watts ◽  
Michael Hallquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Single Factor Model

The present study compared the primary models used in research on the structure of psychopathology (i.e., correlated factor, higher-order, and bifactor models) in terms of structural validity (model fit and factor reliability), longitudinal measurement invariance, concurrent and prospective predictive validity in relation to important outcomes, and longitudinal consistency in individuals’ factor score profiles. Two simpler operationalizations of a general factor of psychopathology were also examined—a single-factor model and a count of diagnoses. Models were estimated based on structured clinical interview diagnoses in two longitudinal waves of nationally representative data from the United States (n = 43,093 and n = 34,653). Models that included narrower factors (fear, distress, and externalizing) were needed to capture the observed multidimensionality of the data. In the correlated factor and higher-order models these narrower factors were reliable, largely invariant over time, had consistent associations with indicators of adaptive functioning, and had moderate stability within individuals over time. By contrast, the fear and distress specific factors in the bifactor model did not show good reliability or validity throughout the analyses. Notably, the general factor of psychopathology (p-factor) performed similarly well across tests of reliability and validity regardless of whether the higher-order or bifactor model was used; the simplest (single-factor) model was also comparable across most tests, with the exception of model fit. Given the limitations of categorical diagnoses, it will be important to repeat these analyses using dimensional measures. We conclude that when aiming to understand the structure and correlates of psychopathology it is important to: 1) look beyond model fit indices to choose between different models; 2) examine the reliability of latent variables directly; and 3) be cautious when isolating and interpreting the unique effects of specific psychopathology factors, regardless of which model is used.

Item Response Model Investigation of the (German) Interpersonal Reactivity Index Empathy Questionnaire

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Koller ◽  
Claus Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Partial Credit Model ◽  
Item Response Model ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Psychometric Quality

Abstract. The interpersonal reactivity index (IRI) is a widely used personality questionnaire for measuring empathy. We investigated the psychometric properties of the German version using the partial credit model. If this model fits the data, the raw-scores are fair measures of the latent construct. Only in such a case, further analyses based on the raw-scores are accurate and valid. The results showed model fit only for the subscale empathic concern. The subscales perspective taking and fantasy consisted of two theoretically explainable sub-dimensions. For the subscale personal distress, no model fit could be achieved. Our study provides important information on the psychometric qualities of the IRI that has been repeatedly used to assess, for example, group differences. It demonstrates that these analyses were not warranted by the psychometric quality of the questionnaire. Our results provide direct suggestions (e.g., theoretically explainable sub-dimensions) for further developments of the IRI to overcome this limitation.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary psychometric properties of the Affective Reactivity Index in Brazilian Youth: implications for DSM-5 measured irritability

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Araújo DeSousa ◽  
Argyris Stringaris ◽  
Ellen Leibenluft ◽  
Silvia Helena Koller ◽  
Gisele Gus Manfro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Cross Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Affective Reactivity

Objective: To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI) to Brazilian Portuguese and to investigate preliminary psychometric properties of the adapted version. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation was based on the investigation of the theoretical and operational equivalences of the original ARI in the Brazilian context, followed by a process of translation, back-translation, and review by a committee of experts. Data analysis was carried out in a community sample of 133 schoolchildren aged 8 to 17 years to investigate the following characteristics of the ARI: 1) factor structure; 2) internal consistency; 3) construct validity comparing differential relationships between irritability and anxiety dimensions and impairment; and 4) item response theory (IRT) parameters. Results: A final Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument was defined and is presented. Internal consistency was good, and our analysis supported the original single-factor structure of the ARI. Correlations of the ARI with distress-related anxiety dimensions were higher than with phobic-related anxiety dimensions, supporting its construct validity. In addition, higher ARI scores were associated with higher irritability-related impairment. IRT analysis underscored frequency of loss of temper as essential to inform about pathological states of irritability. Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the ARI seems to be very similar to the original instrument in terms of conceptual, item, semantic, and operational equivalence. Our preliminary analysis replicates and extends previous evidence confirming promising psychometric properties for the ARI.

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