scholarly journals Advances in the Theory of Argumentation Schemes and Critical Questions

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Godden ◽  
Douglas Walton
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Informal Logic ◽  
Argumentation Schemes ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Argument Reconstruction ◽  
Ultimate Nature

This paper begins a working through of Blair’s (2001) theoretical agenda concerning argumentation schemes and their attendant critical questions, in which we propose a number of solutions to some outstanding theoretical issues. We consider the classification of schemes, their ultimate nature, their role in argument reconstruction, their foundation as normative categories of argument, and the evaluative role of critical questions.We demonstrate the role of schemes in argument reconstruction, and defend a normative account of their nature against specific criticisms due to Pinto (2001). Concerning critical questions, we propose an account on which they are founded in the R.S.A. cogency standard, and develop an account of the relationship between critical questions and burden of proof. Our ultimate aim is to initiate a reconciliation between dialectical and informal logic approaches to the schemes.

scholarly journals Formation of an Export-Oriented Agricultural Economy and Regional Open Innovations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Victor L. Shabanov ◽  
Marianna Ya Vasilchenko ◽  
Elena A. Derunova ◽  
Andrey P. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the work is to find relevant indicators for assessing the relationship between investments in fixed assets in agriculture, gross output of the industry, and agricultural exports using tools for modeling the impact of innovation and investment development on increasing production and export potential in the context of the formation of an export-oriented agricultural economy. The modeling methodology and the proposed estimating and forecasting tools for diagnosing and monitoring the state of sectoral and regional innovative agricultural systems are used to analyze the relationship between investments in fixed assets in agriculture, gross output of the industry, and agricultural exports based on the construction of the classification of Russian regions by factors that aggregate these features to diagnose incongruence problems and to improve institutional management in regional innovative export-oriented agrosystems. Based on the results of the factor analysis application, an underestimated role of indicators of investment in agriculture, the intensity and efficiency of agricultural production, were established. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, the established five groups of regions were identified, with significant differences in the level of investment in agriculture, the volume of production of the main types of agricultural products, and the export and exported food. The research results are of practical value for use in improving institutional management when planning reforms and transformations of regional innovative agrosystems.

scholarly journals Key Theoretical Issues in the Interaction of Law and Religion: A Guide for the Perplexed

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1, 2 & 3) ◽  
pp. 2011
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Religious Difference ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religion In Public Life ◽  
Theoretical Issues

There is perhaps no more important access point into the key issues of modern political and legal theory than the questions raised by the interaction of law and religion in contemporary constitutional democracies. Of course, much classical political and moral theory was forged on the issue of the relationship between religious difference and state authority. John Locke’s work was directly influenced by this issue, writing as he did about the just configuration of state authority and moral difference in the wake of the Thirty Years’ War. Yet debates about the appropriate role of religion in public life and the challenges posed by religious difference also cut an important figure, in a variety of ways, in the writings of Hobbes, Rousseau, Spinoza, Hegel, and much of the work that we now view as being at the centre of the development of modern political philosophy.

scholarly journals Are Virtual Particles Less Real?

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Field ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Virtual Particles ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The question of whether virtual quantum particles exist is considered here in light of previous critical analysis and under the assumption that there are particles in the world as described by quantum field theory. The relationship of the classification of particles to quantum-field-theoretic calculations and the diagrammatic aids that are often used in them is clarified. It is pointed out that the distinction between virtual particles and others and, therefore, judgments regarding their reality have been made on basis of these methods rather than on their physical characteristics. As such, it has obscured the question of their existence. It is here argued that the most influential arguments against the existence of virtual particles but not other particles fail because they either are arguments against the existence of particles in general rather than virtual particles per se, or are dependent on the imposition of classical intuitions on quantum systems, or are simply beside the point. Several reasons are then provided for considering virtual particles real, such as their descriptive, explanatory, and predictive value, and a clearer characterization of virtuality—one in terms of intermediate states—that also applies beyond perturbation theory is provided. It is also pointed out that in the role of force mediators, they serve to preclude action-at-a-distance between interacting particles. For these reasons, it is concluded that virtual particles are as real as other quantum particles.

Update on Psychotropic Medications for Cancer-Related Fatigue

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Breitbart ◽  
Yesne Alici-Evcimen
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Functional Morbidity ◽  
The Relationship

Fatigue is a common and highly distressing symptom of cancer associated with reduced quality of life and considerable psychological and functional morbidity. The reported prevalence of cancer-related fatigue ranges from 4% to 91%, depending on the specific cancer population studied and the methods of assessment. Cancer-related fatigue has typically been underreported, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. Fatigue and depression may coexist in cancer patients, and considerable overlap of symptoms occurs. This is partly the reason for the interest in examining the role of psychotropic medications in treating fatigue. Clarifying the relationship between depression and fatigue is necessary to effectively evaluate and treat cancer-related fatigue. Even with International Classification of Diseases criteria, differentiating cancer-related fatigue is difficult. Psychotropic drugs that have been studied for cancer-related fatigue include psychostimulants, wakefulness-promoting agents, and anti-depressants. Methylphenidate has been studied most and seems to be effective and well tolerated despite common side effects. Some preliminary data support using modafinil in cancer-related fatigue with less concern about tolerance or dependence. Antidepressant studies have shown mixed results. Paroxetine seems to show benefit for fatigue primarily when it is a symptom of clinical depression. Bupropion, a norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor, may have psychostimulant-like effects, and therefore may be more beneficial for treating fatigue. However, studies are currently limited. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials with specific agents are needed to further assess the efficacy and tolerability of psychotropic medications in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue.

Does peer tutoring in kindergarten exist? Thinking around the tutoring concept.

2019 ◽  
Vol X (4 (29)) ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
Aneta Babiuk-Massalska
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Preschool Child ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Student Relationship ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article reviews the definitions of the tutoring concept in preschoolers relationships. Can we qualify the relationships of preschool children in learning situations as tutoring? Or maybe a different name would be more suitable for them? Preschoolers are used to learning in a different way than adults and older children. They prefer learning mimicking or playing. They obtain knowldge occasionally an unintentionally. In turn, definitions of tutoring quite precisely contain formulated fortifications that a little child is not able to meet yet. Immaturity of the nervous system limit the level and length of attention span of little child and relatively small, compared to school children and adults number of social experiences can seriously hamper the classification of situations in which children learn from each other as tutoring. While the generally understood master-student relationship, associated with tutoring, is quite often noticeable during childhood collaboration and play in which one child can do more than the other, the more detailed assumptions of tutoring are not as accessible to the observer. For example, it is difficult to talk about the regularity or planned nature of children's relationships. The definition of tutoring also sets specific expectations regarding the teacher's skills, among which are: high interpersonal competences, commitment to the relationship with the mentee, professionalism and responsibility. From a preschool child who would play the role of a teacher, it is difficult to demand fluent speech, not to mention professionalism and regularity. A preschool child, who just start to learn numbers, is often unable to orient himself in time, which makes it difficult or even impossible to plan and systematize his activities. Little child needs adult help in this area.

Research and selection of rational parameters of a refrigerated container terminal

Innotrans ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Nazirjhon M. Aripov ◽  
◽  
Daurenbek I. Ilesaliev ◽  
Jamshid R. Kobulov ◽  
Shahboz R. Abduvahitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
System A ◽  
Parametric Description ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The article considers the role of transport and refrigerated warehouse complexes in continuous refrigerating supply chains (CRSCs). A summary diagram of technical and technological support is formed, describing the relationship and mutual influence of the elements of the CRSC system. A structural and parametric description of a refrigerated container terminal is carried out. The classification of the parameters of a refrigerated container terminal according to various characteristics is developed. The relationships between the parameters of a refrigerated container terminal are presented in the form of mathematical models. The dependence of the capacity of a refrigerated container terminal with respect to the length of a site is obtained.

The role of cognition in reacting to argumentative unfairness

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-266
Author(s):  
Christoph Mischo
Keyword(s):  
Role Play ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Argumentative Discourse ◽  
Rule Violation ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues

When confronted with unfair contributions in an argumentative discourse, participants evaluate these contributions negatively and show emotional and verbal reactions. These reactions may be crucial for further discourse and may depend on cognitive evaluation. In order to investigate the relationship between cognitive, emotional and verbal responses to unfair contributions, such contributions were embedded in argumentational episodes and presented to participants in written, auditory or role play modality. The application of a path model relating indicators of cognitive, emotional and verbal reactions, demonstrated that the intensity of emotional reactions depends on evaluative cognitions (severity of the rule violation and the offender’s perceived awareness), whereas verbal confrontativeness merely depends on the offender’s perceived awareness. The results are discussed with respect to methodological and theoretical issues.

The relationship between NPD innovation and NPD performance: the moderating role of NPD best practices in Indian manufacturing industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalluri Vinayak ◽  
Rambabu Kodali
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Npd Performance

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to study the relation between new product development (NPD) innovation and NPD best practices in an organization with respect to NPD performance in the backdrop of Indian manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach – Performance indices are developed based on NPD innovation and NPD best practices in an organization. Based on the developed performance indices, a cluster typology or classification of surveyed organizations is conducted. Different hypotheses are generated and tested to chet1ck the relation between NPD best practices and NPD innovation in an organization with respect to NPD performance in the Indian manufacturing industry. Findings – The following results were obtained: there is a positive effect on NPD performance for those organizations that strongly implement NPD best practices; the stronger the NPD innovation, the higher the NPD performance; and stronger organizations' ability for NPD innovation has positive relationship with NPD best practices. Hence, it is proven that, “the stronger the NPD innovation in an organization, with defined NPD best practices, the better the NPD performance”. Originality/value – According to the author’s knowledge, no study is reported in literature which addresses the effect of NPD best practices and NPD innovation in an organization with respect to performance in the Indian manufacturing industry.

scholarly journals Extragalactic Radio Sources and the Role of Relativistic Jets

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey V Bicknell
Keyword(s):  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Class I ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Relativistic Jets ◽  
Extragalactic Radio Sources ◽  
Cygnus A ◽  
Evolutionary Connection ◽  
The Relationship

This paper summarises some of the ideas surrounding the role of relativistic jets in radio galaxies and quasars and describes work presented in two recent papers (Bicknell 1994a,b) relating relativistic jets to the Fanaroff~Riley classification of radio galaxies. I conclude with some speculation on the evolutionary connection between Fanaroff~Riley Class I and Class II radio galaxies and the relationship between mergers and radio galaxies, an idea which was discussed at the time of the discovery of Cygnus A and Ccntaurus A.

scholarly journals Logical and epistemological approach to critical thinking

Psihologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Pesic
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Informal Logic ◽  
Logical Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Contribution

Two main approaches in the conceptualization of critical thinking, logical and epistemological, are presented and analyzed in this paper. The review of logical approach begins with defining its general framework (relationship between critical thinking and informal logic) and afterwards we analyze abilities and skills which are seen as basic constituents of critical thinking. In the review of epistemological approach we analyze four conceptions that present the main directions in criticizing logical approach, and also in developing the broader perspective on critical thinking that includes specific view of knowledge and its development, noncognitive dispositions and the role of subject based knowledge. At the end, we discuss the relationship between logical and epistemological approach. We claim and justify that they should be understood as complementary approaches, and we consider specific contribution of each approach to comprehensive definition of critical thinking. .

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