India of 1920s as Seen by Soviet Playwright, Consulting Indologists, Theater Critics

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Igor Yu. Kotin ◽  
Nina G. Krasnodembskaya ◽  
Elena S. Soboleva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Detailed Picture

The authors of this contribution analyze the circumstances and the history of a popular play that was staged in the Soviet Union in 1927-1928. Titled Jumah Masjid, this play was devoted to the anti-colonial movement in India. A manuscript of the play, not indicating its title and the name of its author, was found in the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences among the papers related to A.M. and L.A. Meerwarth, members of the First Russian Expedition to Ceylon and India (1914-1918). Later on, two copies of this play under the title The Jumah Masjid were found in the Russian Archive of Literature and Art and in the Museum of the Tovstonogov Grand Drama Theatre. The authors of this article use archival and published sources to analyze the reasons for writing and staging the play. They consider the image of India as portrayed by a Soviet playwright in conjunction with Indologists that served as consultants, and as seen by theater critics and by the audience (according to what the press reflected). Arguably, the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution in Russia in 1927 and the VI Congress of the Communist International (Comintern) in 1928 encouraged writing and staging the play. The detailed picture of the anti-colonial struggle in India that the play offered suggests that professional Indologists were consulted. At the same time the play is critical of the non-violent opposition encouraged by Mahatma Gandhi as well as the Indian National Congress and its political wing known as the Swaraj Party. The research demonstrates that the author of the play was G.S. Venetsianov, and his Indologist consultants were Alexander and Liudmila Meerwarth.

scholarly journals Comparative Religion and Anti-Religious Museums of Soviet Russia in the 1920s

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Marianna Shakhnovich
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Comparative Religion ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Historical Museums ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Selection Of

By the end of the 1920s, more than 100 anti-religious museums had been opened in the Soviet Union. In addition, anti-religious departments appeared in the exhibitions of many local historical museums. In Moscow, the Central Anti-Religious Museum was opened in the Cathedral of the Strastnoi Monastery. At that time, the first museum promoting a comparative and historical approach to the study and presentation of religious artifacts was opened in Petrograd in 1922. The formation of Museum of Comparative Religion was based on the conjunction of the activities of the Petrograd Excursion Institute, the Academy of Sciences, and the Ethnographic department of Petrograd University. In this paper, based on archival materials, we analyze the methodological principles of the formation of the exhibitions at the newly founded museum, along with its themes, structure, and selection of exhibits. The Museum of Comparative Religion had a very short life before it was transformed into the Leningrad anti-religious museum, but its principles were inherited by the Museum of the History of Religion, which was opened in 1932.

Bandali Al-Jawzi's Min Tārīkh Al-Harakāt al-Fikriyyat Fi'l-Islām: The First Marxist Interpretation of Islam

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Sonn
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Soviet Academy ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Movements ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Marxist Interpretation

Bandali al-Jawzi (1871–1943) has been regaining popularity recently, particularly among his native Palestinians and Muslim nationalists of his adopted home, the Soviet Union. In 1977, for instance, the Union of Palestinian Journalists and Writers, in cooperation with the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, commemorated Jawzi as an outstanding Palestinian author. At that time a collection of various of his articles on the Arabic language and history was published in Beirut, as well as an edition of his only book, Min Tārīkh al-Harakāt al-Fikriyyat fi'l-Islām (The History of Intellectual Movements in Islam), first published in 1928. It is this recent exposure which was to take its rightful place in Islamic intellectual history.

scholarly journals Ob-Ugric markers on the pages of newspapers of Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug, Omsk and Tyumen Oblasts in the 1930–1945s

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-585
Author(s):  
А. G. Kiselev ◽  
◽  
S. V. Onina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literature Education

Introduction: the 1930–1945s in the history of the USSR were the era of revolutionary changes and shocks, which were reflected, among other things, on national policy. In terms of research, it seems promising to study the Soviet national discourse, its Ob-Ugric component – a kind of reflection of the restructuring realities of Khanty- Mansiysk National Okrug and at the same time their transforming power. Objective: to give characteristic of the historical development of the Soviet «Ob-Ugric» discourse in the 1930–1945s. Research materials: the titles of regional and local newspapers of the 1931–1945s, collection «The Revived People» published for the 10th anniversary of Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, as well as minutes of meetings of the Okrug Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Results and novelty of the research: the analysis showed that: 1. In the titles of newspapers the Ob-Ugric markers were usually used in the Soviet context, therefore their symbolic meanings were «muted», «extinguished». 2. This symbolic weakness, as well as the concentration of the most colorful markers (ethnonyms in materials devoted to languages, literature, education and folk art) clearly shows the limited recognition of the national, permissible by the Soviet officialdom in accordance with the Stalinist formula of «national in form» and «socialist in content» culture. 3. Comparison of the newspaper titles pre-war and war time indicates a weakening of positions of the Ob-Ugric. The Okrug newspaper refused to publish materials in the Khanty and Mansi languages, the use of ethnonyms of indigenous peoples, as well as other lexemes denoting the signs that distinguish the Khanty and Mansi from other ethnic groups, significantly decreased. The national theme as a whole did not disappear, but it «sank» directly into the texts, leaving newspaper titles. The national factor of mobilization continued to be used by newspapers during the war period. The novelty of the work is determined by the introduction to scientific circulation the titles of newspapers of Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug in the 1930–1945s, the study of national policy towards the Khanty and Mansi peoples as the Soviet discourse in its officious and propaganda version.

HYDROBIOLOGIST, POLAR EXPLORER, FIRST DIRECTOR OF IO RAS P.P. SHIRSHOV

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
I. A. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Biographical Sketch ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Hydrobiological Research

This article is a short scientific and biographical sketch about petr petrovich shirshov (12/25/1905, Dnepropetrovsk – 02/17/1953, Moscow) – hydrologist, polar explorer, Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1937), Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939), Hero of the Soviet Union (1938 ), the first director of the institute of oceanology of the russian academy of sciences (1946 – early 1953). The Institute bears the name of P.P. Shirshov. Of course, in the year of the anniversary, all of us – employees of the Institute of Oceanology – remember with gratitude and respect the name of Petr Petrovich – the largest scientist-researcher, hydrobiologist, organizer of science and an amazing, deep, very courageous, gifted person with a bright and difficult fate. The article presented below is especially valuable because it pays close attention to the work of P.P. Shirshov as a hydrobiologist. His contribution to history as the organizer of the Institute of Oceanology or a polar explorer is widely sanctified in various publications, but his scientific hydrobiological research is much less known, meanwhile it was this direction that interested Petr Shirshov as a scientist more than anything else.

ROMANTIC REVOLUTIONARIES: DAVID IVON JONES, S. P. BUNTING AND THE ORIGINS OF NON-RACIAL POLITICS IN SOUTH AFRICA

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES T. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
South African ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
African National Congress ◽  
Political Biography ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Congress ◽  
South African Politics

The Delegate for Africa: David Ivon Jones, 1883–1924. By Baruch Hirson and Gwyn A. Williams. London: Core Publications, 1995. Pp. x+272. £8.50, paperback (ISBN 897640-02-1).S. P. Bunting: A Political Biography, new edition. By Edward Roux. Bellville: Mayibuye Books. 1993. Pp. 200. No price given, paperback (ISBN 1-86808-162-1).Outsiders looking at the recent history of South African politics are apt to be struck by two conundrums. How can a nation that pushed the logic of ‘race’ as far as any society in history also have produced one of the world's most enduring non-racial political traditions? And how, in a period that has seen the crumbling of the Soviet Union and the discrediting of communist parties throughout the world, has the South African Communist Party (SACP) not only survived but risen to power, in coalition with the African National Congress and the Congress of South African Trade Unions?

scholarly journals The Balkan archaeological and ethnographic expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1946 and its influence on the development of Soviet-Bulgarian relations in archaeology

2020 ◽  
pp. 492-518
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Kudryavtsev ◽  
Nikita S. Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Bulgarian Academy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Within the framework of the Balkan archaeological and ethnographic expedition of the Soviet Union Academy of Sciences in January-February of 1946 scientists of the Institute for the History of Material Culture and the Institute of Ethnography carried out works in Bulgaria to establish scientific contacts and to organize joint archaeological researches. This country was considered as a region, the study of which will give new information about the early stage of the history of the Slavs, and was also important in view of the increased importance of Byzantium for Soviet historical science. The Bulgarian authorities paid great attention to the visit of Soviet scientists. They were supported by state and scientific organizations, and the press covered their trip around the country. Members of the expedition gave public lectures in Sofia, then published a separate collection of articles. On his return, the head of the expedition, P. N. Tretyakov submitted a closed report to the Presidium of the Soviet Union Academy of Sciences, in which he rather critically assessed the level of Bulgarian archaeology. This, however, can be explained by opportunistic reasons. Although the results of the expedition were approved by the leadership of the Soviet Union Academy of Sciences and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the planned joint archaeological research did not take place. Despite this, the conduct of the Balkan expedition was of great importance for both the Soviet side and the Bulgarian scientists, despite of the factfinding character of the Balkan expedition and the unrealized plans for the joint archaeological research. The expedition laid the foundation for further cooperation in archaeology field. Later it came true in several joint expeditions to the territory of the USSR and Bulgaria, they had a diverse scope of work goals. The article also informs of the Bulgarian archaeology achievement before the visit of Soviet delegation, its preparatory stage and investigation in Bulgaria.

Can We Write the History of the Russian Revolution? A Belated Response to Eric Hobsbawm

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Marxist Interpretation

AbstractTen years ago, Eric Hobsbawm presented his Deutscher Lecture on 'Can We Write the History of the Russian Revolution?' This essay argues that Hobsbawm articulated a perspective on the Russian Revolution that was shared by a much wider audience on the Left after the fall of the Soviet Union and that many of these arguments continue to resonate today. Placing the contours of the historiographical discussion of the Russian Revolution within a broader political context, I argue that Hobsbawm has underestimated the extent to which the standard academic accounts intentionally have marginalised Marxist interpretations. Hobsbawm's own ambivalence toward the October Revolution and his lack of clarity on the origins of Stalinism are not supported by the latest empirical research and concede much ground to strident anti-Marxists. Rather than refuting the Marxist classics, new evidence from the archives of the former Soviet Union actually offers substantial support. The renewed academic attacks on the Russian Revolution, including the deliberate omission of evidence that support the Marxist interpretation, should be challenged rather than embraced by socialists.

Quantitative Historical Research in Estonia: A Case Study in Soviet Historiography

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Juhan Kahk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Soviet Historiography

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, historians in various parts of the Soviet Union began to explore the use of mathematical methods and computer technology in historical studies. This development occurred not only in Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, and Kiev, but also in Tallinn. A small group of historians at the Institute of History of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, in close collaboration with their colleagues in Moscow, made an effort to apply mathematical methods to the study of history. Thanks to the comradely support of the research centers of the Soviet Union, it was possible for the historians of this small republic to progress rapidly. As a result, their work has become known not only in the Soviet Union but abroad as well.

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