IVAN MIKHAILOVICH OVCHINNIKOV (1931–2000). TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF THE OCEAN SCIENTIST

This article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Ivan Mikhailovich Ovchinnikov (1931– 2000) – Doctor of Geographical Sciences, former Director of the Black Sea Experimental Research Station (CHENIS) Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, a remarkable scientist-oceanographer, researcher of the Equatorial counterflow, mesoscale eddy, hydrological conditions of the Mediterranean Sea. The article reflects the life path of I.M. Ovchinnikov and his main achievements in Russian oceanology.

R/V “VITYAZ” – FLAGMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC FLEET OF THE GOLDEN AGE OF SOVIET OCEAN SCIENCE

The article is devoted to the first research vessel “Vityaz” of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS, until 1991 – IO of the USSR Academy of Sciences). The history of the vessel is briefly told, information about “Vityaz” cruises is selectively given, photographs stored in the Museum of the History of IO RAS and documents from the personal archives of IO RAS employees participating in “Vityaz” cruises are given. Some of the photos and documents are published for the first time.

A.S. MONIN: SCIENTIFIC AND PERSONAL EXPERIENCE OF COMMUNICATION

This memorable article is the memories of Andrei Sergeevich Monin (1921–2007) – an outstanding scientist, geophysicist, oceanologist, mathematician, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1972), academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 2000), the former director of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1965–1987. A.S. Monin possessed the broadest horizons, the talent of an organizer and leader, as well as a powerful scientific intuition. All this allowed him to leave a bright mark both in Russian science and in the memory of everyone who worked and communicated with him.

HYDROBIOLOGIST, POLAR EXPLORER, FIRST DIRECTOR OF IO RAS P.P. SHIRSHOV

This article is a short scientific and biographical sketch about petr petrovich shirshov (12/25/1905, Dnepropetrovsk – 02/17/1953, Moscow) – hydrologist, polar explorer, Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1937), Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939), Hero of the Soviet Union (1938 ), the first director of the institute of oceanology of the russian academy of sciences (1946 – early 1953). The Institute bears the name of P.P. Shirshov. Of course, in the year of the anniversary, all of us – employees of the Institute of Oceanology – remember with gratitude and respect the name of Petr Petrovich – the largest scientist-researcher, hydrobiologist, organizer of science and an amazing, deep, very courageous, gifted person with a bright and difficult fate. The article presented below is especially valuable because it pays close attention to the work of P.P. Shirshov as a hydrobiologist. His contribution to history as the organizer of the Institute of Oceanology or a polar explorer is widely sanctified in various publications, but his scientific hydrobiological research is much less known, meanwhile it was this direction that interested Petr Shirshov as a scientist more than anything else.

L. V. ALEKSEEV’S PERSONAL PAPERS IN THE IA RAS ARCHIVES

В статье представлен обзор личного фонда историка и археолога, специалиста по истории и культуре Западной Руси Л. В. Алексеева (Научно-отраслевой архив ИА РАН, Ф-52). Фонд состоит из трех больших разделов, включающих археологические экспедиционные материалы по раскопкам и разведкам Л. В. Алексеева за период с 1951 по 1989 г. на территории Белоруссии, Смоленской и Псковской областей, рабочие материалы к публикациям и личные документы. Значительный раздел фонда составляют материалы и документы учителя и друга Л. В. Алексеева -историка и археолога, академика АН СССР, профессора Б. А. Рыбакова. В совокупности данные фонда дополняют сведения о биографии и становлении научного пути Л. В. Алексеева и позволят будущим исследователям расширить представление о деятельности ученого. The paper provides an overview of personal papers of L. V. Alekseev, a historian, an archaeologist and a specialist on history and culture of Western Russia (Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, fond-52). The fond is composed of three large sections that include materials from archaeological expeditions and surveys conducted by L. V. Alekseev in 1951-1989 in Belorussia, the Smolensk and the Pskov regions; working materials for publications; and personal documents. Materials and documents of professor B. A. Rybakov, a historian, an archaeologist, a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, who was L. V. Alekseev’s teacher and a friend, is another large part of this fond. The data of the fond complement information on biography and scientific career of L. V. Alekseev and will help future researchers expand their knowledge of the scholar’s activities.

METHODOLOGICAL WORKSHOPS OF USSR CENTRAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL AGENCIES AS A PLATFORM FOR DISCUSSIONS (the problem of thematic content of reports in the 1960s - early 1970s)

С конца 1950-х гг. в центральных советских археологических учреждениях - в Институте археологии и в Ленинградском отделении Института археологии АН СССР функционировали методологические семинары. История их деятельности в 1960-е - начале 1970-х гг. до сих пор остается малоизученной. На основе архивных материалов и публикаций была установлена тематика докладов, обсуждавшихся в этот период на заседаниях методсеминаров обоих институтов. Темы данных докладов могут быть отнесены к следующим категориям: проблемы первобытности; проблемы социоисторических реконструкций; проблемы палеоэкологии в археологии; идеологические представления древних обществ; проблемы этносоциальных реконструкций. Эта проблематика соответствует перечню наиболее актуальных тем, упомянутых в передовых статьях журнала «Советская археология». Методологические семинары, хоть и имели первоначальное идеологическое назначение, однако использовались как площадка для дискуссий по актуальным проблемам археологии того времени, а в 1970-е -1980-е гг. - также и для апробации новейших теоретических концепций. Methodo1ogica1 workshops were oгgaшzed in central Soviet archaeo1ogica1 адепслех such as the Institute of Archaeo1ogy and the Leningrad Ьranch of the Institute of Archaeology, USSR Academy of Sciences, starting from the late 1950s. Their history in the 1960s - early 1970s is still understudied. The examination of archival materials and publications established topics of the papers discussed at the methodological workshops in both institutes at that time such as issues of prehistory; issues of social and historical reconstructions; issues of paleoecology in archaeology; ideological concepts of the earliest societies; issues of ethnosocial reconstructions. These thematical areas are in line with the most relevant topics mentioned in leading papers published by Soviet Archaeology. While initially methodological workshops pursued an ideological aim, over time they turned into a platform for discussing relevant issues of archaeology and even testing most advanced theoretical concepts in the 1970s-1980s.

OVERVIEW OF M. F. KOSAREV’S PERSONAL PAPERS FROM THE SCIENTIFIC ARCHIVE OF THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, RAS

В статье представлен обзор личного фонда М. Ф. Косарева, поступившего в Научно-отраслевой архив Института археологии РАН в 2019 г. (Ф. 68). Материалы фонда содержат отчетные данные о работах Западно-Сибирской археологической экспедиции ИА АН СССР в 1960-1980-е гг., рукописи статей и монографий, сведения о научной и служебной деятельности ученого. Архивные дела фонда являются источником по изучению культур бронзового века Западной Сибири и Урала и различных аспектов истории и этнографии этих регионов, сибирского язычества. The paper provides an overview M. F. Kosarev’s personal papers acquired by the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, in 2019 (fond 68). The materials from these personal papers contain reports on the work carried out by the Western Siberia Archaeological Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology, USSR Academy of Sciences, in 1960-1980s, manuscript copies of papers and monographs, information on research and official activities of the scholar. Archival file-cases of the fond are used as a source for studies of the Bronze Age cultures in Western Siberia and the Urals as well as various aspects of history and ethnography of these regions, and Siberian paganism.

Vladimir Filippovich Zelenin — the founder of clinical electrocardiography (to the 140th anniversary of the scientist)

Тhe article presents the facts of life and career of an outstanding Russian cardiologist, a talented organizer of medical science, a well-known public figure, a wonderful clinician and teacher, academician of the USSR Academy of medical Sciences, honored scientist of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, Professor Vladimir Filippovich Zelenin.