scholarly journals The Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaigns of 1813-1814 in the Historical Memory of the Peoples of the Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-204
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Zemtsov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
School Level ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Military Production

The article identifies the features of the Ural region in terms of preserving and updating the memory of the epoch of 1812-1814. Based on the analysis of various options for preserving images of the epoch (through living memory, materialized memory, festive events and other means), the author comes to the conclusion that the Ural region, despite its remoteness from the theater of war, organically fit into the all-Russian memorial context. At the same time the memory is shaped by the regions focus on military production, and by its providing a significant part of the irregular cavalry recruited from the Orenburg Cossacks and non-Russian peoples. The latter circumstance, through images of Northern cupids, gave the Urals an exotic fame abroad. Forms of preserving Urals memory of the events of 1812-1814 range from variants of living memory, which includes elements left over from the communicative memory, to purposeful activities of central and local authorities to organize mass events at anniversary dates. A significant role in memory preservation is traditionally played by educational institutions, which, starting from the school level, form the memory of childhood. The greatest concentration of memory elements related to the epoch is observed in the Southern Urals, which is predetermined, to a large extent, by the presence of compactly living non-Russian peoples who seek to emphasize their role in the events of all-Russian and even global history. Unlike a number of other national regions of the Russian Federation, the appeal to historical memory in the Urals takes place within the framework of a unifying and reconciling tradition. Despite some commemorative gaps, the three epochs (pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet) in relation to the historical memory in the Urals about the events of 1812-1814 look quite organic. Images of this great time continue to act as a unifying factor, thus preserving the sense of a common past not only with the all-Russian, but also with common European and global history.

scholarly journals The sources of zircons in clastic rocks of the Riphean deposits of the Urals

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419
Author(s):  
A. A. Krasnobaev ◽  
V. N. Puchkov ◽  
N. D. Sergeeva ◽  
S. V. Busharina
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
Lower Riphean ◽  
Age Variations ◽  
Age Determinations

New age determinations of detrital zircons of sandstones augmented the possibilities of interpretation of their provenance. This interpretation is often restricted by a formal comparison of age-and-composition characteristics of detrital crystals with any very distant model objects. A different situation arises when the role of a source of a detritus is claimed by local objects. The analysis of SHRIMP and TIMS - datеs of zircons and U and Th concentrations in them, and also a comparison of histograms of primary zircons from Riphean volcanics and rocks of the Taratash complex on one hand and the detrital zircons from the sandstones of Vendian (Asha series) and Lower Riphean (Ai Formation) on the other, have shown that the age variations of sources and clastics are comparable in many aspects. It means that the age characteristics of primary zircons from the Riphean volcanics and rocks of the Taratash complex as sources of zircon clastics for the Riphean and Vendian sandstones in the Southern Urals are regulated by processes of resedimentation, though the influence of distant sources is not excluded.

scholarly journals METEORIC IRON IN PRODUCTION AND RELIGIOUS PRACTICE OF THE YAMNAYA CULTURE IN THE URALS REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-206
Author(s):  
Н. Л. Моргунова ◽  
М. А. Кулькова ◽  
А. М. Кульков
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
New Research ◽  
Functional Purpose

Среди курганов ямной культуры Среднего Поволжья и Южного Приуралья особое место занимают монументальные сооружения с находками изделий из железа. Выделяются предметы как производственного, так и ритуального назначения. По данным радиоуглеродного анализа курганы датируются в пределах первой половины III тыс. до н. э. В 2019 г. авторами на современном оборудовании проведены новые исследования химического состава поверхности металлических предметов, изотопный анализ свинца, а также реставрация железных предметов. Дополнительные исследования позволили подтвердить метеоритное происхождение железа, уточнить форму и функциональное назначение изделий. Анализ погребального обряда и инвентаря из меди и метеоритного железа позволяет сделать вывод, что курганы были предназначены для «супер-лидеров». При жизни они могли выполнять управленческие, военные и сакрально-ритуальные функции. Наличие предметов из железа свидетельствует об обожествлении власти вождей и о распространенном представлении связи лидерства и небесных сил. Large burial constructions that have yielded items made from iron occupy a special place among the Yamnaya kurgans in the Middle Volga region and the Southern Urals. It is possible to single out both production items and artifacts used for religious purposes. The radiocarbon data put the kurgans around the first half of III mill. BC. In 2019 the authors conducted new research of the chemical composition of the metal item surface, using modern equipment, performed the stable isotope analysis of the lead and carried out the restoration works of the iron objects. The additional studies provided an opportunity to confirm the meteoric origin of the iron, clarify the shape and the functional purpose of the artifacts. It can be inferred from the analysis of the funerary rite and the offerings made from copper and meteoric iron that the kurgans were intended to bury super leaders. During their lifetime such chieftains could perform management, military and sacral ritual functions. Presence of iron items suggests that the power of the chieftains was deified and the idea of the links between the leadership and heavenly forces was quite common.

scholarly journals New data on geology of the Southern Urals: a concise summary of research after the period of EUROPROBE activity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Puchkov
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
To Come

Abstract. The period of an official activity of the EUROPROBE commission was inconnected in the Urals with implementation of the URALIDES Program, that stimulated many qualified geologists from the Western research institutes and Universities to come to the region and work with local geologists at actual problems of the Uralian geology. The author tries to answer a question: what interesting results had been obtained in the Southern Urals in the last decade, when the most of foreign researchers left the Urals, and how these results correspond to the scientific conclusions that had been done before.

scholarly journals The “living history” format as one of the most promising areas of museum development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Velitchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Living History ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
History Museums ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living History Museums ◽  
Comprehensive Study

What is the attraction of the “living history” format in the development of a modern museum? This article is devoted to this issue and an attempt is made to clarify the specific differences between living history museums and classical ones, focusing on the possibility of the former to “immerse” the visitor in the recreated cultural and historical space of a certain era. The experience of Russian living history museums shows that by implementing new programs aimed at interacting with visitors, museums perform not only their main function of collecting and preserving, but also contribute to the popularization and comprehensive study of historical and cultural heritage as well as solving educational tasks. The author of the article aims to acquaint the reader with the most effective and popular projects to activate museum activities in the Krasnodar territory and the Southern Urals. Master classes on various topics, traveling exhibitions, costumed performances, quests, and, finally, festivals of historical reconstruction are just some of the modern forms of interaction with visitors, which can serve as a basis for developing interactive educational programs. The relevance and prospects of the immersive format in museum activities are provided by the need to solve the problems of fostering the cultural and historical memory among young visitors, the most popular museum audience, and the younger generation’s interest in living history. The implementation of new forms of interaction with the audience will help museums not only attract a wide range of visitors, but also increase financial opportunities for development and become more competitive.

Naturally spreading and natural apple dwarfs in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
O. E. Merezhko ◽  
M. A. Mazunin ◽  
E. Z. Savin ◽  
A. I. Gridnev
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Early Maturity

The article presents tests of natural creeping apple trees and natural dwarfs, carried out in the in the conditions of the Orenburg region. There were from 50 to 100 trees in the experiment in each variant. Vigorous standard plantations were used as control. The aim of the research was to test natural creeping apple trees, natural dwarfs against the background of standard varieties bred in the South Urals (Chelyabinsk), as well as to determine their prospects for intensive horticulture in the extreme conditions of the region. The preservation of plantings for all variants of the experiment for 20 years of research is high and amounted to 92-99 %, their condition was estimated at 4.5-5.0 points. The highest yield was noted for natural dwarfs (457.2 c/ha), the smallest yield was obtained on vigorous standard plantings (control) – 238.7 c/ha. Naturally creeping apple trees in terms of productivity were higher than control by an average of 25 %. Of the naturally creeping varieties, the most productive were the varieties Podsnezhnik (348.3 c/ha), Chudnoe (335.2 c/ha), the least productive were the varieties Plastun and Kovrovoe (255.1 and 262.5 c/ha, respectively). On the natural dwarfs, the most productive variety was the variety Brat Chudnogo (461.2 c/ha). In the control, the most productive varieties were the varieties Symbol (295.9 c/ha) and Nadezhda (270.5 c/ha), less productive were the varieties Pamyat Zhavoronkova and Fevralskoe (208.0 and 224.1 c/ha, respectively). Low-growing plantations, in particular layer and natural varieties of the Urals, are distinguished by their early maturity and, in general, higher productivity per unit area. The highest labor costs are accounted for by natural dwarfs (485.4 person-day/ha) and the lowest in vigorous plantings (317.4 person-day/ha). This has a positive eff ect on the profit and rentability of production.

scholarly journals Zircons of the Permian age (280–290 Ma) from intrusive magmatic rocks in Riphean structure of the Southern Urals

LITOSFERA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-608
Author(s):  
A. A. Krasnobaev ◽  
V. N. Puchkov ◽  
N. D. Sergeeva ◽  
S. V. Busharina
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Shrimp Dating ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Lower Riphean ◽  
Granite Complex ◽  
A Chain

Research subject. Magmatic complexes that are developed in the lower (volcanogenic-sedimentary) part of the Ai Formation of the Lower Riphean of the Taratash anticline in the Southern Urals. Results. For the frst time, the Lower Permian SHRIMP dating (288.6 ± 3.1 Ma by U-Pb method on zircon from monzogabbro) was obtained for a dike cutting the basalts of the Lower Paleozoic (420–450 Ma) age. Conclusions. On the eastern slope of the Urals there is a chain of massifs which are close in the age. The chain belongs to the Lower Permian Stepninsky monzogabbro-granosyenite-granite complex, represented by the Uiski, Vandyshevski, Biryukovski and Stepninski intrusions with the age of 281 ± 2, 280 ± 2 and 286 ± 2 Ma, correspondingly (U-Pb method after zircons, SHRIMP-II, VSEGEI) and earlier obtained dates 281 ± 4 Ma (Rb-Sr isochrone) and 283 ± 2 Ma (isotope Pb-Pb method after zircons). The Stepninsky complex was described earlier as plume-dependent. The monzogabbro dike, described in this paper, although being at a considerable distance from the Sepninsky complex, is situated at a strike of the chain of the stepninsky intrusions, is close to them by the composition and age and can be ascribed to the same plume episode. The idea of the plume character of the complex was ехрressed by us relatively long ago based on a superimposed character of the chain of the intrusions over the earlier, collisional Uralian structures. As for the geochemical character (monzogabbro) the dike conforms with one of two standard trends of the Stepninsky complex – monzonite (monzogabbro, monzodiorites, syenites).

scholarly journals The Lower Precambrian in the structure of paleozoic in the Subpolar Urals

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-576
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Pystina ◽  
A. M. Pystin ◽  
V. B. Hubanov
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Geochronological Data ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Early Precambrian ◽  
Subpolar Urals ◽  
Late Precambrian ◽  
Lower Riphean ◽  
First Time

In many polymetamorphic complexes of the Urals, rocks with Early Precambrian age marks have been established. But only with respect to the two polymetamorphic complexes located on the western slope of the Southern Urals: the Taratash and Aleksandrov, their indisputable belonging to the Archean-Paleoproterozoic section is recognized. They are framed by weakly metamorphosed Lower Riphean sediments and reliable geochronological data are obtained from them, which unambiguously indicate the Early Precambrian age of rock metamorphism. The available Early Precambrian age datings for other Ural polymetamorphic complexes (with the prevailing number of Late Precambrian and Paleozoic age values) are interpreted differently. Therefore, their attitude to the Lower Precambrian section has been disputed by many researchers. In the article, for the first time, based on the results of mass U-Pb dating of metamorphic zircons from the gneiss of the Nyrtin polymetamorphic complex of the Subpolar Urals, taking into account the available data, the Paleoproterozoic age of the earliest stage of rocks metamorphism (2127 ± 31 Ma) is substantiated. This gives grounds to assert that the complex under consideration, as well as the Taratash and Alexandrov complexes of the Southern Urals, belongs to the Lower Precambrian formations involved in the structure of Uralides.

scholarly journals Arachnids (Araneae, Opiliones) from grass stand and forest litter in the Urals, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Nesterkov ◽  
Maxim Zolotarev ◽  
Elena Belskaya ◽  
Tatyana Tuneva
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Since the late 1980s, long-term monitoring of various components of natural ecosystems under conditions of industrial pollution has been carried out in the Central Urals. In the mid-2000s, similar programmes were started in the Southern Urals. As a part of these monitoring programmes, the data on invertebrates in different types of biotopes, collected with different methods and in a different time intervals, continue to be gathered. Amongst the most well-studied groups of invertebrates are spiders and harvestmen whose communities are a convenient indicator of the environment. The data collected through these monitoring programmes can also be used to study natural local biodiversity. The dataset, presented here, includes information from a long-term monitoring programme for Araneae and Opiliones that inhabit grass stands of secondary dry meadows and litter of spruce-fir, aspen-birch and pine-birch forests in the Central and Southern Urals. The dataset (available from the GBIF network at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/e170dbd1-a67f-4514-841c-5296b290ca90) describes the assemblage structure of spiders and harvestmen (list of species and their abundance), age-sex composition and seasonal and inter-annual dynamics for two large areas in the southern taiga zone of the Ural Mountains. The dataset includes 1,351 samples, which correspond to 5,462 occurrences identified during 2004–2009, 2013 and 2018. In total, we collected 10,433 specimens, representing 178 species (36% of arachnofauna of the Urals), 115 genera (54%) and 23 families (100%). Most of the data (4,939 of 5,462 occurrences, 90%) were collected in the western macro-slope of the Ural Mountains (European part of Russia), the rest in the eastern macro-slope (Asian part). All represented data were sampled in industrially undisturbed areas and are used as a local reference for ecotoxicological monitoring. The dataset provides new useful information for recording the state of biodiversity for the Central and Southern Urals and contributes to the study of biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals South Urals and Rudny Altai: a comparative paleovolcanic and metallogenic analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
I. B. Seravkin ◽  
A. M. Kosarev
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Massive Sulphide ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Central Type ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Massive Sulphide Deposits ◽  
Sulphide Deposits

A comparative paleovolcanic and metallogenic analysis of two massive-sulphide-bearing regions, the Southern Urals and Ore Altai, located in different parts of the Ural-Mongolian folded belt, was performed. Comparison of the geodynamic evolution of these areas, the formation and facies composition of the ore-bearing strata and types of massive-sulphide deposits has led to the conclusion that the regions are similar only in the most general terms. Fundamental differences in the structure and composition of the crust of the regions led to differences in the profile of island-arc magmatism: basaltoid in the Southern Urals and rhyolitoid in Ore Altai. This, in its turn, determined the predominant composition of massive-sulphide mineralization: copper-zinc in the first of the regions and polymetallic — in the second. Opposite tendencies in the evolution of volcanism are also characteristic: homodromic in the Southern Urals and antidromic in the Ore Altai, which resulted in a different position of the types of massive-sulphide deposits in the ore districts: the bottom-up change of copper — massive-sulphide deposits by the massive-sulphide -polymetallic in the Southern Urals and barite polymetallic by massive-sulphide polymetallic and copper- massive-sulphide in the Ore Altai. Significant differences are also in the lateral distribution patterns of mineralization: a more pronounced control of mineralization by paleovolcanic structures of the central type in the Southern Urals and the frequent position of mineralization in intermediate and remote facies of volcanism in the Ore Altai, which is reflected in the prevalence of volcanic sections in the Urals and the majority of the volcanic sections and the larger majority of the volcanic rocks in the Ore Altai, which is reflected in the prevalence of volcanic rocks in the Urals and the majority of the volcanic sections and in the Ore Altai most of the volcanic minerals and the larger majority of the mineral rocks (20–80%) in the strata containing mineralization in the Ore Altai.

scholarly journals Analysis of the formation of large and small power generation in the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-308
Author(s):  
Irina M. Kirpichnikova
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Hydropower Potential

The description of the state of power engineering in Russia in the pre-revolutionary period, data on the production of electricity per capita are presented. A brief history of the creation of a commission for the development of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan) and some results of its implementation are provided. The construction of the first large power plant in the South Urals, built according to the GOELRO plan, - Chelyabinsk State District Power Plant, which at that time was of great importance for the development of the region's industry and remains one of the most powerful power plants at the present time, is described. The possibilities of using renewable energy sources, in particular local hydropower resources for energy production, are disclosed. The problems of the Porozhskaya Hydropower Plant - the oldest and unique hydroelectric power plant in the Urals are designated, the characteristics of small hydropower plants in the Southern Urals are given, the prospects for using the hydropower potential of the Chelyabinsk region are revealed. The potential of solar and wind energy is discussed, the characteristics and features of solar power plants in the Urals and wind power plants with a vertical axis of rotation, developed at the South Ural State University, are specified. It is established that biomass as a resource for energy production has good prospects for use, but due to climatic conditions, this direction has not yet been developed. It is shown that small and distributed energy is still an important component in the general energy of the region and the country.

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