scholarly journals Estimates of the interrelation of the level of socio-economic development and the mortality rate in Russian regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Balashova ◽  
Anastasia R. Zakharchuk ◽  
Maria V. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

One of the most acute problems of the social development of present-day Russia is a tense demographic situation, one of the reasons for which is the insufficient rate of decline in mortality due to the birth crisis and uneven growth of migration. This study assessed the link of socio-economic factors with mortality by the example of the Pskov region, which is the permanent leader in natural population decline. Based on official statistics, the authors obtained quantitative estimates to characterize the dynamics of mortality using econometric tools. The aim of the study is to identify socio-economic factors that contribute most to the preservation of the dramatic demographic situation in the region. The study conducted an analysis of the relationship of socio-economic factors with mortality in the regions of the Russian Federation using the example of the Pskov region, which is the leader in anti-rating of natural population decline. As a result of the study, quantitative estimates were obtained that characterize the impact of the population lifestyle, age and gender structure on mortality, while controlling the average level of well-being. It is also shown that an increase in the share of the rural population leads to an increase in mortality, which can be explained by the migration of the young population to cities and the increase in the share of elderly people, remoteness from medical institutions and the inaccessibility of qualified medical care. It is estimated how an increase in the level of health development in the region and an improvement in the standard of living of the population contribute to a drop in mortality rates.

scholarly journals Regional Risk Factors of Pancreatic Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
IL Ivanova ◽  
AA Vazhenina ◽  
LV Trankovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Pancreatic Disorders ◽  
Regional Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Introduction: Establishing geographical features of health effects of socio-economic factors and characteristics of adaptation of certain population groups to new living conditions is important for taking appropriate preventive measures to improve the situation and for strategic planning in the sphere of health care and social development of territories. The purpose of the research was to determine priority regional risk factors for pancreatic disorders in the population of Primorsky Krai. Materials and methods: We conducted a hygienic and statistical analysis of the impact of selected socio-economic factors on the incidence rates of pancreatic diseases in children, adolescents, and adults. The database on the registered non-communicable disease incidence included the indices registered by the Primorsky Regional Medical Information and Analytical Center. The study of socio-economic factors included a quantitative assessment of data on three groups of indicators including living conditions, material well-being, and medical density over a 17-year observation period extracted from the regional yearbooks of the Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for Primorsky Krai. Results: We established an inverse relationship between pancreatic disease rates and the indices of population density, per capita income, and solvency ratio and a direct relationship with the proportion of living space in houses without utilities. Conclusion: Our findings enabled us to establish the relationship between adverse effects of socio-economic factors and pancreatic diseases in the regional population and to make a significant contribution to substantiating appropriate measures of primary prevention at the population level.

Socio-economic- and Gender-based Differentials in Choice of Sustainable Mode of Transport: Evidence from Jaipur, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097639962199343
Author(s):  
Taru Saigal ◽  
Arun Kr. Vaish ◽  
N. V. M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Factors ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Climate change, fuelled by the growing transportation sector, is a pressing global challenge. There is a need to promote such a system of transportation, which is not only efficient but also sustainable. Using descriptive statistics complemented with a logit model of choice probabilities implemented on survey data from a city in a developing country, this study aims to examine the impact ‘of different socio-economic factors on the choice of sustainable modes of transport while also highlighting how these choices are different for men and women—the group of working population, those with the highest level of education, the group which is the most socio-economically well-off and the population of men most unlikely to prefer sustainable modes of transport. The study emphasizes the need to incorporate the varying demands of different socio-economic groups while formulating transportation policies so as to hamper neither the goal of sustainability nor the goal of women empowerment.

scholarly journals Growth Factors of Life Expectancy in Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Т. V. Kossova
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Dependence Relationship ◽  
Health Insurance Funds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The article presents some results of the author’s research to assess the impact of several socio-economic factors on life expectancy. As determinants were considered socio-economic factors, namely welfare level, housing provision and nutrition structure, characteristics of the healthcare system, lifestyle indicators, as well as factors that affect comfort and safety of living. These factors are within the scope of several social programs currently being implemented in Russia. The study is based on 2005-2016 data of the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as on information and statistical materials related to the budgets of the regions and territorial compulsory health insurance funds. Additionally, for the analysis, the author used a fixed effects panel model separately for men and women. The article presents estimates of the elasticity of life expectancy to the change of the set of factors. The article shows, in particular, to what extent an increase in healthcare expenditures leads to an increase in life expectancy. Differences in the degree of influence on the life expectancy of an increase in total expenditures on health care and positive changes in the welfare and lifestyle of the country’s population are empirically determined. At the same time, the elasticity coefficients for all the considered factors turned out to be higher in absolute value in the model for men than in the model for women. The author states that in both models the greatest dependence relationship is observed between the life expectancy dynamics and the intensity of the change in well-being characteristics, namely the value of per capita income and the total area of living quarters per inhabitant. Hence, it is concluded that identifying the degree of sensitivity of life expectancy to changes in each of the factors considered can be a useful tool in developing state policy, taking into account regional characteristics, aimed at improving the health of the population.

scholarly journals The Impact of Intersectional Identities on Older People With HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 723-723
Author(s):  
Mark Brennan-Ing ◽  
Charles Emlet
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Kimberlé Crenshaw introduced the term “intersectionality” in the late 1980s to highlight the experience discrimination and marginalization of Black and African-American women originating from the confluence of their racial/ethnic and gender identities. Since that time the focus on intersectionality has broadened to consider other communities and individuals who may have multiple stigmatized and discredited identities, including older people with HIV (PWH). For example, Porter and Brennan-Ing described the “Five Corners” model as the intersection of ageism, racism, classism, sexism, and HIV stigma for older transgender and gender non-conforming PWH. HIV disproportionately affects marginalized communities (e.g., racial/ethnic and sexual minorities). Thus, for older PWH it is important to consider how HIV stigma may intersect with other marginalized identities and impact physical and psychological well-being. The first paper in this session examines how the intersection of HIV serostatus, gay identity, and age complicates identity disclosure, leading to social isolation and interference with care planning. The second paper describes how intersectional identities among older PWH interfere with access to mental health services in a population that is disproportionately affected by depression and PTSD. Our third paper examines the role of race, education, and behavioral health in neurocognitive functioning among a diverse sample of older HIV+ gay and bisexual men. Our last paper examines neurocognitive functioning among older Latinx PWH, finding that sexual and gender minorities were at greater risk for impairment. Implications of these findings for research and programming that accounts for the effects of intersectionality among older PWH will be discussed.

‘I'm Telling You … The Language Barrier is the Most, the Biggest Challenge’: Barriers to Education among Karen Refugee Women in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula G. Watkins ◽  
Husna Razee ◽  
Juliet Richters
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
English Language Education ◽  
Barriers To Education ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This article examines factors influencing English language education, participation and achievement among Karen refugee women in Australia. Data were drawn from ethnographic observations and interviews with 67 participants between 2009 and 2011, collected as part of a larger qualitative study exploring the well-being of Karen refugee women in Sydney. Participants unanimously described difficulty with English language proficiency and communication as the ‘number one’ problem affecting their well-being. Gendered, cultural and socio-political factors act as barriers to education. We argue that greater sensitivity to refugees' backgrounds, culture and gender is necessary in education. Research is needed into the combined relationships between culture and gender across pre-displacement, displacement and resettlement and the impact of these factors on post-immigration educational opportunities. Training is needed to sensitise educators to the complex issues of refugee resettlement. The paper concludes with recommendations for service provision and policy.

scholarly journals Socio-economic Factors Influencing the Development of Renewable Energy Production Sector in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Tadeusz A. Grzeszczyk ◽  
Waldemar Izdebski ◽  
Michał Izdebski ◽  
Tadeusz Waściński
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Renewable Energy Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Poland is not one of the leaders in the use of renewable energy sources (RES), and most energy is still produced using hard coal and lignite. Therefore, there are noteworthy emissions of air pollution (including ashes and greenhouse gases), and the Polish energy sector is characterized by a substantial degree of carbonization, which, as a result, threatens to expressively increase the costs of electricity production, leading to financial penalties imposed by the EU. The aim of this paper is to analyze socio-economic factors influencing the development of the RES sector in Poland. According to this aim, expert research was carried out, in which the factors influencing development potential of RES were assessed at two levels (level II – 5 factors, level III – 15 factors) according to the factor tree analysis. Based on the analysis of the level II factors, it can be concluded that the development of the RES sector in Poland will depend to a decisive extent on factors such as: EU decisions and Polish legislation affecting the development of the RES sector in Poland, prices and availability of conventional energy carriers. Other two factors – regional policy on ecology and ecological awareness in Poland – have so far little impact on the development of this sector in the state. The analysis of the level III factors shows that the greatest impact on the development of the RES sector in Poland is the influence of European lobbying of manufacturers of machinery and equipment for renewable energy production on EU law, the impact of Polish lobbying of conventional energy producers on Polish law in the production of renewable energy and the influence of European lobbying of renewable energy producers into EU law.

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