Rate-Based End-to End Closed Loop Control for ABR Traffic Management

ATM has one common feature which guarantees its success, namely the possibility to transport any ATM service, irrespective of its characteristics such as the bit rate, its quality requirements or its bursty nature. ATM also has high flexibility in allocate the bandwidth, and thus allows more calls to enter the network. Unfortunately, this advantage has a negative consequences. ATM presents congestion problems in the network as well as in the end terminals. This research describes about congestion control mechanism that will be applied for Available Bit Rate (ABR) Service in ATM networks, namely, the Rate-Based Congestion Control Scheme. This method supports end-to-end closed-loop control and has been indentified as the most appropriate for the support of this service by ATM Forum. ABR Service is a new ATM Service category. This kind of service automatically and dynamically allocates the available bandwidth to users by controlling the traffic flow based on feedback information. The source increases or decreases the source rate of cells transmission based on the information in the feedback Resource Management (RM) cell it receives. This method minimizes the duties of intermediate nodes and the destination node, so it is expected the source will receive the feedback information faster.

Download Full-text

Object Manipulation Control Strategy Analysis Center of Humanoid Robot

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.267.904 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 267 ◽

pp. 904-908

Author(s):

Qin Jun Du ◽

Le Ping Li ◽

Bin Dai

Keyword(s):

Visual Servoing ◽

Humanoid Robot ◽

Closed Loop ◽

White Paper ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Visual Sensor ◽

Strategy Analysis ◽

Loop Control ◽

Feedback Information ◽

Fast Processing

This document The visual is the main senses of human to capture the information, is also considered the most important apperceive component of the robot. Images information obtained by the visual sensor as a feedback, which can be constructed robot position closed loop control, which is visual servoing. In the visual servoing, the purpose of images automatic acquisition and analysis is to achieve humanoid robot control, based on the machine vision principle, the humanoid robot accomplish the feedback information in the shortest possible time, which is obtained from the image direct feedback and fast processing, these constitute a closed-loop control of the robot's positionexplains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready manuscript for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. The text area for your manuscript must be 17 cm wide and 25 cm high (6.7 and 9.8 inches, resp.). Do not place any text outside this area. Use good quality, white paper of approximately 21 x 29 cm or 8 x 11 inches (please do not change the document setting from A4 to letter). Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.

Download Full-text

Closed-loop and congestion control of the global carbon-climate system

Climatic Change ◽

10.1007/s10584-021-03040-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 165 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Carlos A. Sierra ◽

Holger Metzler ◽

Markus Müller ◽

Eurika Kaiser

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Dynamical System ◽

Congestion Control ◽

Control Problem ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Climate System ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Loop Control ◽

Dangerous Climate Change ◽

Global Carbon

AbstractThe global carbon-climate system is a complex dynamical system with multiple feedbacks among components, and to steer this system away from dangerous climate change, it may not be enough to prescribe action according to long-term scenarios of fossil fuel emissions. We introduce here concepts from control theory, a branch of applied mathematics that is effective at steering complex dynamical systems to desired states, and distinguish between open- and closed-loop control. We attempt (1) to show that current scientific work on carbon-climate feedbacks and climate policy more closely resembles the conceptual model of open- than closed-loop control, (2) to introduce a mathematical generalization of the carbon-climate system as a compartmental dynamical system that can facilitate the formal treatment of the closed-loop control problem, and (3) to formulate carbon-climate control as a congestion control problem, discussing important concepts such as observability and controllability. We also show that most previous discussions on climate change mitigation and policy development have relied on an implicit assumption of open-loop control that does not consider frequent corrections due to deviations of goals from observations. Using a reduced complexity model, we illustrate that the problem of managing the global carbon cycle can be abstracted as a network congestion problem, accounting for nonlinear behavior and feedback from a global carbon monitoring system. As opposed to scenarios, the goal of closed-loop control is to develop rules for continuously steering the global carbon-climate system away from dangerous climate change.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000084 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 220 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sandra Sülzenbrück

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Visual Feedback ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Motor Planning ◽

Visual Input ◽

Closed Loop Control ◽

Loop Control ◽

Feedback Type ◽

Effective Use ◽

The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

Download Full-text