scholarly journals Current Trends in Treatment for Acid-Dependent Diseases: Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Rabeprazole

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
O. D. Lopina ◽  
B. K. Nurgalieva ◽  
T. L. Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
System A ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Antisecretory Effect ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
H Pylori

Aim. A comparative review of the rabeprazole properties vs. other PPIs, its efficacy and safety in treatment for aciddependent diseases.Key points. Rabeprazole provides a rapid proton pump blockade in parietal cells due to its high dissociation constant (pKa). A lower rabeprazole metabolic dependence on cytochrome P-450 enzyme system renders its antisecretory effect predictable and reduces the risk of interactions with other drugs metabolised through this system. A faster antisecretory effect and higher acid-suppressive activity of rabeprazole determine its better clinical efficacy in treatment for such acid-dependent diseases as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer. This makes rabeprazole (Pariet) a preferred drug in course and maintenance therapies for acid-dependent diseases, as well as in H. pylori eradication.Conclusion. The rabeprazole properties of high acid suppression potential, persistent antisecretory effect from first day of therapy, non-enzymatic metabolism and pleiotropic action determine its high efficacy in treatment for a wide range of acid-dependent diseases at a minimal risk of drug interaction.

scholarly journals Tackling Cancer Resistance by Immunotherapy: Updated Clinical Impact and Safety of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifaa Abdin ◽  
Dana Zaher ◽  
El-Shaimaa Arafa ◽  
Hany Omar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Death Receptor ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Checkpoint Protein ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Wide Range

Cancer therapy has been constantly evolving with the hope of finding the most effective agents with the least toxic effects to eradicate tumors. Cancer immunotherapy is currently among the most promising options, fulfilling this hope in a wide range of tumors. Immunotherapy aims to activate immunity to fight cancer in a very specific and targeted manner; however, some abnormal immune reactions known as immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) might occur. Therefore, many researchers are aiming to define the most proper protocols for managing these complications without interfering with the anticancer effect. One of these targeted approaches is the inhibition of the interaction between the checkpoint protein, programmed death-receptor 1 (PD-1), and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), via a class of antibodies known as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. These antibodies achieved prodigious success in a wide range of malignancies, including those where optimal treatment is not yet fully identified. In this review, we have critically explored and discussed the outcome of the latest PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor studies in different malignancies compared to standard chemotherapeutic alternatives with a special focus on the clinical efficacy and safety. The approval of the clinical applications of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab in the last few years clearly highlights the hopeful future of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for cancer patients. These promising results of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have encouraged many ongoing preclinical and clinical trials to explore the extent of antitumor activity, clinical efficacy and safety as well as to extend their applications.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Underlying Mechanisms, Clinical Efficacy and Safety Between Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy: The State-of-the-Art Review and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yating Zhao ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Liang Weng
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Over the past decade, diverse PD-1/PD-L1 blockades have demonstrated significant clinical benefit in across a wide range of tumor and cancer types. With the increasing number of PD-1/PD-L1 blockades available in the market, differences between the clinical performance of each of them started to be reported. Here, we provide a comprehensive historical and biological perspective regarding the underlying mechanism and clinical performance of PD-1/PD-L1 blockades, with an emphasis on the comparisons of their clinical efficacy and safety. The real-world evidence indicated that PD-1 blockade may be more effective than the PD-L1, though no significant differences were found as regards to their safety profiles. Future head-to-head studies are warranted for direct comparison between them. Finally, we summarize the yet to be elucidated questions and future promise of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, including a need to explore novel biomarkers, novel combinatorial strategies, and their clinical use on chronic infection.

scholarly journals Clinical Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine in Patients with COVID-19: An Umbrella Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavous Shahsavarinia ◽  
Morteza Ghojazadeh ◽  
Sarvin Sanaie ◽  
Leila Vahedi ◽  
Mahta Ahmadpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background Many of the known coronaviruses cause a wide range of respiratory infections in humans, and the novel coronavirus is no exception to this rule. Although no drug has yet been discovered to prevent or treat this disease, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been widely used in studies showing different results. Methods The present study is an umbrella study. The search was conducted for the articles published from January 2020 to November 2020 using the keywords ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" AND "Hydroxychloroquine" OR "Chloroquine" AND "Systematic Review" OR "Metanalysis"). This study was limited to human samples and systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis. The quality of the articles was also evaluated independently by two researchers. Results To evaluate the clinical efficacy of HCQ and CQ, a total of 176 papers and 643569 cases ranging from patients with mild pneumonia to intubated critically ill patients were evaluated. Finally, 8 studies were included. Conclusion There are conflicting results regarding HCQ or CQ efficacy and safety in the systematic reviews. More evidence is needed to confirm whether these drugs are useful in COVID-19 infection, and their usage as the standard care cannot be recommended based on the majority of the studies included in this umbrella review.

scholarly journals Results of studying the clinical efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Korotaeva ◽  
E. Yu. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Wide Range

The paper reviews of the data available in the literature on the clinical efficacy and safety of tofacitinib (TOFA) in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). It considers the mechanism of action of TOFA, which is mainly in the selective inhibition of signal transmission due to its effect on the activity of JAK3 and/or JAK1, the enzymes that ensure the function of turning on and turning off the signals transmitted by cytokines. TOFA is noted to directly or indirectly act on a wide range of a number of molecules that play an important role in the pathogenesis of PsA.The paper analyzes the current data on the clinical efficacy of TOFA in treating PsA, which have been obtained in the 12-month OPAL Broaden study including patients with PsA and an inadequate response to synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and in the 6-month OPAL Beyond study enrolling those with PsA and an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors. It is noted that the results of these studies confirmed the efficacy of the drug in treating PsA not only according to the data of objective (medical) monitoring, but also to the subjective characteristics of pain, to the global assessment of disease activity, fatigue, as well as the mental and physical components of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire.It is concluded that the current findings allow JAK inhibitors to be recommended as a new pathogenetically sound approach to treating PsA and suggest that TOFA has benefits in managing patients unresponsive to therapy with TNF-α inhibitors. 

Clinical efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of peginterferon alpha and ribavirin in cirrhotic patients with HCV infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ryeol Cheong ◽  
Hyun Young Woo ◽  
Jeong Heo ◽  
Ki Tae Yoon ◽  
Dong Uk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Review on the Clinical Pharmacology of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate for the Treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Cui ◽  
Siqi Tu ◽  
Valerie Sia Jie En ◽  
Xiaobei Li ◽  
Xueting Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs

Background: As the number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infected people is greatly increasing worldwide, the international medical situation becomes very serious. Potential therapeutic drugs, vaccine and stem cell replacement methods are emerging, so it is urgent to find specific therapeutic drugs and the best treatment regimens. After the publications on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with anti- SARS-COV-2 activity in vitro, a small, non-randomized, open-label clinical trial showed that HCQ treatment was significantly associated with reduced viral load in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Meanwhile, a large prophylaxis study of HCQ sulfate for COVID-19 has been initiated in the United States. HCQ offered a promising efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19, but the optimal administration is still being explored. Methods: We used the keyword "hydroxychloroquine" to conduct a literature search in PubMed to collect relevant literature on the mechanism of action of HCQ, its clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, precautions for clinical use and drug interactions to extract and organize information. Results: This paper reviews the mechanism, clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, exposureresponse relationship and precautions and drug interactions of HCQ, and summarizes dosage recommendations for HCQ sulfate. Conclusion: It has been proved that HCQ, which has an established safety profile, is effective against SARS-CoV-2 with sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence. Data from high-quality clinical trials are urgently needed worldwide.

Galcanezumab for the prevention of migraine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M Frerichs ◽  
Deborah I Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene

Migraine is a common and disabling disorder affecting approximately 1.02 billion people worldwide. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been identified as playing an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine and several migraine-specific therapies targeting the CGRP ligand or its receptor have been approved since 2018 for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine. This review focuses on the pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety/tolerability of galcanezumab, an anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody approved for the prevention of migraine.

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