Nasal Cryptococcosis Caused by Cryptococcus gattii in Sheep in Bahia, Northeastern Brazil

Background: Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal systemic mycosis that can affect several animal species. The disease is caused by the yeast species Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii and is usually associated with immunosuppressive diseases or debilitating factors. In Brazil, cryptococcosis in ruminants has been described in several states, but there have been only two instances of infection in sheep. Until the present, cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii has only been reported in goats. The objective of this study was to describe, for the first time, a case of nasal cryptococcosis caused by C. gattiiin a sheep in the state of Bahia.Case: The disease affected a 4-year-old Santa Inês sheep, created in extensive system in the municipality of Ribeira do Pombal, Bahia, Brazil. The animal presented weight loss, with an asymmetric volume increase in the right nasal cavity, accompanied by dyspnea and bloody nasal discharge. Samples of the tumor mass were collected for cytological analysis of yeast structures compatible with Cryptococcus spp. After cytological diagnosis, the sheep was sent to the Livestock Development Center of the Federal University of Bahia. On physical examination, there was a large and firm irregular mass, strongly adhering to the right nasal cavity and causing facial asymmetry. Surgical removal was attempted, but a marked infiltrative character of the lesion was observed, with extensive tissue destruction. Owing to the unfavorable prognosis, euthanasia was carried out followed by necropsy, in which a large irregular mass was observed that almost completely obliterated the right nasal cavity. Resorption of the right nasal bone and the dorsal and middle nasal turbinates was also observed. Fragments of the nasal lesion were collected, fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histopathology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Mayer's mucicarmine. Samples of this lesion were sent for molecular characterization of the etiologic agent by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The histopathological evaluation showed hundreds of generally colorless rounded yeasts cells composed of a clear halo, surrounding a slightly basophilic structure, giving the tissue a vacuolated aspect, known as a “soap bubble lesion” There was also intense inflammatory infiltration and extensive areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, which allowed the morphological diagnosis of diffuse granulomatous rhinitis marked with intralesional yeasts compatible with Cryptococcus spp. Additionally, PCR was positive for C. gattii.Discussion: A case of nasal cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii in sheep in the state of Bahia is described for the first time, diagnosed using clinical-epidemiological, cytological, anatomopathological, and molecular data. Airborne infection occurs by inhaling encapsulated spores present in organic matter, such as decomposing vegetables and bird and bat excreta as observed on the farm where the outbreak occurred. It is important to highlight that sheep and goats affected by cryptococcosis can contaminate the environment, and it is prudent to consider animals with the disease as a risk to public health and eliminate them from the herd, given the costs of the few therapeutic options available on the market. It should be noted that in cases of tumor lesions, which are common in cryptococcosis, cytological examination should be recommended, mainly for screening and distinguishing neoplastic and inflammatory lesions. However, anatomopathological and molecular evaluations are essential for the differential diagnosis of other mycotic rhinitis, in particular, conidiobolomycosis and nasal pythiosis.

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The genera Turnera and Piriqueta (Passifloraceae sensu lato) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860201970054 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

Author(s):

Andréia Zelenski ◽

Rafael Louzada

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

New Record ◽

National Park ◽

The State ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Taxonomic Treatment ◽

Semideciduous Seasonal Forest ◽

First Time

Abstract A taxonomic treatment of the genera Turnera and Piriqueta in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, is presented. Fourteen species of Turnera and six species of Piriqueta were found in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga, of which nine are endemic to Brazil. Turnera pernambucensis is threatened and restricted to the Atlantic Forest of Pernambuco, while T. joelii is a new record for the state. The species predominate in steppe savanna and semideciduous seasonal forest, but several of them grow naturally in anthropized areas. Catimbau National Park is the locality with the highest species richness. Tristyly is recorded for the first time in Piriqueta guianensis. Identification keys, descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and comments about habitat, flowering, fruiting, and morphological relationships are provided.

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Rhinolith causing unilateral chronic rhinosinusitis: a case report

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20200163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 414

Author(s):

Sumit Prinja ◽

Garima Bansal ◽

Jailal Davessar ◽

Simmi Jindal ◽

Suchina Parmar

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Nasal Obstruction ◽

Maxillary Sinusitis ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Medical College ◽

Uncommon Disease ◽

Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis ◽

The Right

<p class="abstract">Rhinolith or nasal stone is formed by mineralization within nasal cavity. They are calcareous concretions that are formed by the deposition of salts on an intranasal foreign body. It is an uncommon disease that may present asymptomatically or cause symptoms like nasal obstruction, consecutive sinusitis with or without purulent rhinitis, post nasal discharge, epistaxis, anosmia, nasal malodour and headache. They are usually diagnosed incidentally on radiographic examinations or depending on the symptoms. In this paper we report a 28-year-old woman admitted in the ENT department of GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot with a calcified mass in the right nasal cavity causing long standing unilateral nasal obstruction for 3 years, rhinorrhoea (usually malodourous foetid), post nasal discharge and headache for 1 year. The calcified mass was thought to contain the air cell and removed by endonasal approach. The aim of this study is to report a case of rhinolith with chronic maxillary sinusitis along with a review of literature.</p>

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An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia ◽

10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. e20195938 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lívia Pires do Prado ◽

Rodrigo Machado Feitosa ◽

Stefania Pinzón Triana ◽

Jhonatan Andrés Muñoz Gutiérrez ◽

Guillaume Xavier Rousseau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Historical Literature ◽

Complex Landscape ◽

First Time ◽

Ant Diversity

The state of Maranhão, located in northeastern Brazil, comprises three biomes: Amazonian, Caatinga, and the Cerrado. To date, 99 ant species have been recorded in the literature from the state. In the present work, we provide for the first time a profile of the ant fauna in the state based on data from the historical literature and Brazilian institutional collections. The updated records on ant diversity for the state of Maranhão revealed a total of 279 species, belonging to 71 genera and 10 subfamilies. In total, 180 species are recorded for the first time in the state, of which four species recorded for the first time in Brazil. In summary, apart from documenting the ant fauna of the region, these results provide a basis for further studies and may contribute to future conservation efforts for the biomes present in this complex landscape.

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Two Rhinoliths in a Single Nasal Cavity in an Elderly Patient Mimicking Fungal Sinusitis

Clinical Rhinology An International Journal ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1201 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 76-79

Author(s):

Vishal Prasad ◽

Chandrakala Srinivas ◽

Sheetal Krishnappa ◽

Suresh T Narayan Rao ◽

Harshitha T Rajanna

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patient ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Nasal Cavity ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Middle Turbinate ◽

The Elderly ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Fungal Sinusitis ◽

Nasal Mass ◽

The Right

ABSTRACT Objective To highlight an interesting and a rare case of two rhinoliths in a single nasal cavity of an elderly male patient, mimicking fungal sinusitis or malignancy. To emphasize that rhinolith has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral nasal mass even in the elderly. Case report A 55-year-old man presented with a right-sided nasal obstruction, foul-smelling nasal discharge and a mass in the right nasal cavity of 6 months duration. Endoscopic examination revealed a gritty, blackish brown mass filling the entire right nasal cavity. A clinical differential diagnosis of malignancy or fungal sinusitis was made. CT scan of paranasal sinus was suggestive of fungal sinusitis following which patient was posted for biopsy. Intraoperatively, patient was found to have two separate masses in the right nasal cavity which were removed. We found a septal perforation adjoining the area where the rhinolith was impacted, with septum pushed laterally and adherent to middle turbinate. However, there were no features suggestive of malignancy. Histopathological examination also ruled out malignancy and confirmed a vegetable foreign body with calcification around an acellular material. Conclusion Rhinolith, though rare should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral nasal mass in the elderly. How to cite this article Prasad V, Srinivas C, Krishnappa S, Rao STN, Rajanna HT. Two Rhinoliths in a single nasal Cavity in an Elderly Patient Mimicking fungal sinusitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):76-79.

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The Rhinolith—A Possible Differential Diagnosis of a Unilateral Nasal Obstruction

Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2010/845671 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Detlef Brehmer ◽

Randolf Riemann

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Nasal Cavity ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Early Stage ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Rare Occurrence ◽

The Past ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

The Right

Rhinoliths are mineralised foreign bodies in the nasal cavity that are a chance finding at anterior rhinoscopy. Undiscovered, they grow appreciably in size and can cause a foul-smelling nasal discharge and breathing problems. Giant nasal stones are now a very rare occurrence, since improved diagnostic techniques, such as endoscopic/microscopic rhinoscopy, now make it possible to identify foreign bodies at an early stage of development. We report the case of a 37-year-old patient who, at the age of 5-6 years, introduced a foreign body, probably a stone, into his right nasal cavity. On presentation, he complained of difficulty in breathing through the right nostril that had persisted for the last 10 years. For the past four years a strong fetid smell from the nose had been apparent to those in his vicinity. Under general anaesthesia, the stone was removed in toto from the right nasal cavity. The possible genesis of the rhinolith is discussed, our case compared with those described in the literature, and possible differential diagnoses are considered.

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Sinonasal Plasmacytoma in a Cat

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063870701900521 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 573-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sandra Schöniger ◽

Nicole Bridger ◽

Karin Allenspach ◽

Panagiotis Mantis ◽

Joan Rest ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Frontal Sinus ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

History Of ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

The Right ◽

Partially Occluded ◽

Macroscopic Examination

A 13-year-old female spayed Domestic Shorthair cat presented with a history of right-sided mucopurulent nasal discharge for 18 months. Computed tomography revealed a mass within the right nasal cavity and the right frontal sinus. The animal was euthanized, and a postmortem examination was performed. On macroscopic examination, the right nasal cavity and the right frontal sinus were partially occluded by a soft whitish mass. Microscopically, the mass was composed of well-differentiated plasma cells that were immunopositive for immunoglobulin G and lambda light chains. These findings were consistent with a mature-type sinonasal plasmacytoma. In addition, there was right-sided mucopurulent rhinitis and sinusitis caused by a Pasteurella infection, which probably developed secondary to the sinonasal plasmacytoma. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a sinonasal plasmacytoma in a cat. The present communication shows that feline sinonasal plasmacytomas should be included in the differential diagnosis for tumors located in the upper respiratory tract of cats.

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The orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of a forest remnant in northeastern Brazil, with new geographic records and an identification key to the known species of the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2656.1.3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2656 (1) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

ANDRÉ NEMÉSIO

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

The State ◽

Identification Key ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Atlantic Rain Forest ◽

Orchid Bee ◽

Forest Remnant ◽

First Time

The orchid bee fauna of Estação Ecológica de Murici (ESEC Murici), in the state of Alagoas, one of the largest remnants of the Atlantic Rain Forest in northeastern Brazil, was surveyed for the first time. Seven hundred and twenty-one orchid-bee males belonging to 17 species were collected from the 3rd to the 10th of September, 2009. Besides the recently described Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei Nemésio, 2010, three other species recorded at ESEC Murici deserve further attention: Euglossa amazonica Dressler, 1982b, recorded for the first time outside the Amazon Basin; Euglossa milenae Bembé, 2007 and Euglossa analis Westwood, 1840, both recorded for the first time in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil north to São Francisco river. These results together with previous samplings in the state of Alagoas reveal that at least 22 orchid-bee species are now known to occur there. Three other species not recorded for Alagoas yet are known from the neighbor states of Sergipe, Pernambuco, and Paraíba. An identification key to all 25 species of Euglossina known to occur in the states of Alagoas, Sergipe, Pernambuco, Paraíba, and Rio Grande do Norte is provided.

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Inverted Papilloma of Nasal Septum

Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.32412/pjohns.v27i2.537 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 39-40

Author(s):

Min Han Kong ◽

Bee See Goh

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Endoscopic Resection ◽

Nasal Septum ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Inverted Papilloma ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Lateral Nasal Wall ◽

Endoscopic View ◽

The Right

Dear Editor, Papillomas are primary benign epithelial neoplasms producing finger–like projections that typically cover fibrous stalks.1 The term Inverted Papilloma (IP) describes the endophytic projection of epithelium into the stroma. Also known as Schneiderian papillomas, IPs predominantly affect males in the 6th decade.2 They usually arise from the lateral nasal wall and seldom involve the frontal or sphenoid sinuses.2 The frequency of IP on the nasal septum is even less.3 We report a case of IP of the nasal septum and the role of endoscopic resection of the IP without any sign of recurrence. CASE REPORT A 52-year-old man who was a chronic smoker and worked as a cook presented with a 1-year history of progressively worsening unilateral nasal blockage and hyposmia. Rigid nasoendoscopy revealed a reddish grape-like mass filling the right nasal cavity. The mass extended posteriorly to the posterior nasal space and crossed to the left side and had a broad-based attachment to the posterosuperior part of the nasal septum. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a heterogeneously-enhanced soft tissue density mass in the right nasal cavity and a soft tissue density in the right ethmoid and sphenoid sinus most likely representing retained secretions. The patient underwent endoscopic excision of the mass using Integrated Power Console (IPC®) system coupled to Straightshot® M4 microdebrider (Medtronic, Minneapolis MN, USA) under general anaesthesia. After induction, each nostril was packed with five rayon neuro-patties (Ray-cot®, American Surgical Company, Lynn MA, USA) soaked with 2mls cocaine 10%, 2mls adrenaline 1:1000 and 6mls of water, carefully placed along the septum, floor and turbinate region. This method reduces the bleeding significantly and prevents blood from impairing the endoscopic view. During the operation, a septal perforation was found at the origin of the mass. No further removal of nasal septum was performed. Histopathological examination (HPE) confirmed the diagnosis of Inverted Papilloma. He has been under our follow-up for the past 5 years and remains well and symptom-free with no evidence of recurrence detected on endoscopic examination. DISCUSSION Inverted Papilloma (IP) poses many clinical, pathological and even management challenges. There are various surgical techniques advocated for treating IP. Radical transfacial approaches like lateral rhinotomy, minimally invasive endoscopic techniques and even midfacial degloving procedures are among some of the surgical techniques advocated.4 Most authors agree that complete surgical removal is the hallmark in treating IP.1, 2, 4, 5 Traditionally, en bloc excision of the lateral nasal wall via lateral rhinotomy approach is the standard surgical option for IP arising from the lateral nasal wall. This approach provides good access to the tumor. Despite achieving complete surgical removal, IP tends to recur.1 Recurrence rates of IP when treated surgically are as high as 71%.2 Persistent disease is unacceptable especially with the possibility of malignant transformation.1, 2 It is reported that malignancy in IP is particularly high at 10 to 15%.1 With regard IP of the nasal septum, Lawson et al. in 1995 reported 5 of 112 IP patients (4%) with isolated septal lesions that were treated by septectomy.6 Our patient underwent transnasal endoscopic resection of the tumor without further need of posterior septectomy. The tumor was removed using a microdebrider. Using the microdebrider for septal surgery usually involves a lateral (PNS and nasal cavity) to medial (septum) process, and posterior inferior to anterior superior shaving technique, also minimizes blood from impairing the endoscopic view. Any visible tumor at the margins was also removed. Unlike conventional polypectomy, complete removal of the tumor and sterilization of the margins is the hallmark in treating IP. Removal of IP without sterilization of the margins should be avoided. Sterilization of the margin is not necessarily by microdebrider only; other authors have reported debulking tumor completely and sterilizing the margins and underlying bone using a diamond burr.5 Transnasal endoscopic surgery avoided aggressive surgery and facial scarring in this patient. We observed no evidence of recurrence on follow up to date using this method. Although this tumor has the ability to destroy bone, tends to recur, and is associated with malignancy, we demonstrated that transnasal endoscopic resection of IP limited to nasal septum may be safely performed without the need for further septectomy. However, we do not advocate this technique in cases of large tumor or when malignancy is suspected. Endoscopic surgery would not adequately visualize the whole tumor and risk recurrence of tumor.2 Larger series and better study design are required to support our observation and establish an acceptable and safe technique indicated for IP on the nasal septum.

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New records of Gerromorpha (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from Piauí state, northeastern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/16.6.1755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1755-1763

Author(s):

Cleilton Lima Franco ◽

Lucas Ramos Costa Lima ◽

Juliana Mourão dos Santos Rodrigues ◽

Carlos Augusto Silva de Azevêdo ◽

Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira

Keyword(s):

New Records ◽

The State ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

First Time

Based on material recently collected in Piauí state, northeastern Brazil, we present new records for seven species of Gerromorpha (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Rheumatobates crassifemur schroederi Hungerford, 1954 (Gerridae); Mesovelia mulsanti White, 1879 (Mesoveliidae); and Paravelia polhemusi Rodrigues, Moreira, Nieser, Chen & Melo, 2014 (Veliidae) are reported from the state for the first time.

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Updated distribution maps with new records of Trilepida fuliginosa (Passos, Caramaschi & Pinto, 2006) and Drepanoides anomalus (Jan, 1863) (Squamata, Serpentes) in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/16.2.423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 423-433

Author(s):

Thaís B. Guedes ◽

Aryel Queiroz ◽

Patrícia Sousa ◽

Breno Hamdan

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

New Records ◽

The State ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Straight Line ◽

First Time

We report for the first time Trilepida fuliginosa (Passos, Caramaschi & Pinto, 2006) and Drepanoides anomalus (Jan, 1863) in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Our record for T. fuliginosa represents the northernmost locality for the species and extends its geographic distribution by nearly 662 km (in a straight line) from São Geraldo do Araguaia, state of Pará. Our record for D. anomalus is the easternmost known occurrence and extends its distribution by 203 km from Piçarra, Pará. Updated distribution maps and images of preserved specimens are provided.

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