scholarly journals Simulación de redes inalámbricas en NS-2

Respuestas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Henry Zárate-Ceballos ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Ortiz-Triviño
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Mesh Structure ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
La Red

Antecedentes: Las redes Ad hoc son un nuevo paradigma dentro de las redes inalámbricas debido a sus características dinámicas y de auto configuración, aparecen como respuesta de conectividad para diferentes situaciones donde se requieren características adicionales a las ofrecidas por las redes convencionales, como protocolos de enrutamiento eficientes, interoperabilidad entre los dispositivos móviles y propiedades como el cambio de rol de los nodos dentro de la red. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es generar diferentes entornos simulados en el software Network Simulator 2, variando los protocolos de enrutamiento, los servicios prestados y el tráfico en general para validar el rendimiento de una red Ad hoc. Métodos: Se presenta una detallada descripción de las características del simulador y de las abstracciones usadas para modelar cada uno de los elementos de red, resaltando la abstracción del nodo móvil quien hace las veces de terminal o enrutador con atributos de movilidad, consumo energético, manejo de protocolos de enrutamiento y cobertura, simulando todas las capas de red de un sistema real, se usan protocolos de enrutamiento reactivos y proactivos como lo son el AODV y el DSR, de la misma manera el protocolo FEBA en redes Mesh. Resultados: Al validar el rendimiento de los escenarios se utilizó una estructura Mesh para evaluar el efecto de redundancia multicanal, respecto a las arquitecturas tradicionales en redes Ad hoc y el número de saltos requeridos para la transmisión es mayor a las Mesh, lo cual genera latencia en las comunicaciones, las métricas mejoran con protocolos reactivos y aumentan con redundancia. Generando canales dedicados para el tráfico producido por los servicios, mejorando notablemente en más de 5 veces el rendimiento de una red ad hoc convencional. Conclusión El simulador NS-2 de código abierto es una herramienta vital, para modelar y simular redes de cualquier tipo, con la ventaja de poder modificar y crear las librerías existentes para crear ambientes simulados, más reales y que respondan a una necesidad de comunicaciones como lo es en situaciones de emergencia.Abstract Background: The Ad hoc networks are a new paradigm in wireless networks due to its dynamic characteristics and autoconFiguration, appear in response connectivity to different situations where additional to those offered by conventional networks such as protocols for efficient routing features are required, interoperability between mobile devices and properties as the changing role of the nodes within the network. Objective: The objective of this work is to generate different environments simulated in the Network Simulator 2 software, varying routing protocols, service and overall traffic to validate the performance of an Ad hoc network. Methods: A detailed description of the characteristics of the simulator ISSN 0122-820X and abstractions used to model each of the network elements is presented, highlighting the mobile node abstraction who acts as a router or terminal mobility attributes, energy consumption management protocols routing and coverage, simulating all network layers of a real system, reactive and proactive protocols routing are used as AODV and DSR, in the same way the FEBA protocol in Mesh networks. Result: To validate the performance of the scenarios one Mesh structure was used to evaluate the effect of multichannel redundancy, compared to traditional architectures in Ad hoc networks and the number of hops required for transmission is greater than the Mesh, which generates latency in communications, metrics improve with reactive protocols and increase redundancy. Generating dedicated for traffic produced by the services, improving considerably more than 5 times the performance of a conventional Ad hoc network channels. Conclusion: The NS-2 simulator open source is a vital tool for modeling and simulating networks of any type, with the advantage of being able to modify and create existing libraries to create simulated environments more realistic and responsive to a need for communications as it is in emergency situations.Palabras Clave: Redes Ad Hoc, Redes Mesh, Simulador de Redes 2(NS-2), Simulación

scholarly journals Simulation of Cryptographic Algorithms in IPSec on Ad-Hoc Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
A.A. Adas A.A. Adas
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Ipsec Protocol

This paper focuses on secure data communication between nodes in Ad-Hoc networks by employing IPSec (Internet Protocol Security). In wireless communication, Ad-Hoc network is a new paradigm since, which is used for highly sensitive and emergency operations. Ad-Hoc network is considered a number of mobile nodes that are connected through wireless interfaces and moves arbitrarily. Ensuring security is one of the main issues due to its infrastructure less solutions. This research aims for IPSec protocol that provides security for an Ad-Hoc networking in a various applications. IPSec incorporates security model, i.e. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) into its framework. In this work, we consider the problem of incorporating security mechanisms to securing data communication for Ad-Hoc networks. We look at AODV routing protocol (Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) in detail and it is used for secure routing. Simulation of IPSec protocol is simulated using NS-3 simulator. Results from NS-3 simulator is compared with AH, ESP, and AES in terms of Quality of Service parameters throughput, average processing time and average end-to-end delay.

scholarly journals N. Suggesting Multipath Routing and Dividing the Zone to Process Communication Failure in Ad Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Jarah
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Communication Failure ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Simple Processing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Ad hoc networks are characterized by ease of setup, low costs, and frequent use in the corporate world. They ensure safety to the user and maintain the confidentiality of the information circulated. They also allow the user to address the cases of communication failure in areas subject to destruction of communication infrastructure. The proposed protocols in the ad hoc networks often build only one path to achieve communication between the nodes, due to the restrictions of battery run out and the movement of the nodes. This connection is often subject to a failure within a certain range. Thus, multiple alternate paths in ad hoc networks use a solution to failing node communications. In addition, when looking at the situation where interference is widespread, each path is preferably somewhat distant from the others. In this paper, we present a simple processing by building multipath routing that do not overlap at the level of an ad hoc network zone, which is achieved through dividing the zone. The evaluation performed by using Network Simulator (ns-allinone-3.20) showed that the proposed ad hoc network connection is more efficient than the connection with the traditional methods of constructing multipath routings.

scholarly journals Mobile ad hoc network integrated wireless networks: a survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.9) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Dr S.SivaNageswara Rao ◽  
Orchu Aruna ◽  
Dr K.Lakshminadh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Now a day, every one using mobile devices for communicating with others. The development of new technologies, like Internet of Things (IoT) needs coverage, connectivity, scalability and QoS. In ubiquity networks, the major issues are coverage, connectivity, scalability and QoS. To solve these limitations, integrating wireless networks with ad hoc networks. This paper provides detail survey on how ad hoc networks are integrated with Cellular Network, Wireless Mesh Networks and Wireless Sensor Networks. This integration may resolve the problems of coverage, connectivity, scalability and QoS.

scholarly journals Simulation of Vehicular Ad-hoc Network Routing Protocols with a Performance Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Thangakumar Jeyaprakash ◽  
Rajeswari Mukesh
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), a subset of Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs), is one of the emerging technologies of Road Transportation system. In recent years, the aspect of Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is becoming an interesting research area as it is characterized as self-configured wireless network. The design of routing protocols in VANETs is play a vital role and necessary issue for the Vehicle to Vehicle Communication Technology. The existing routing protocols of MANETs are suitable for VANET with changes in configuration of protocol. The routing protocols fall into two major categories of topology-based and position-based routing. We discussed different kinds of existing routing protocols with two major categories, the advantages and limitations of each which will helps to enhance the existing routing protocols for the suitability of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. We implemented three existing routing protocols and the testing results stated that the performance of each in aspects of various parameters such as Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput and End-End Delay using Network Simulator.

scholarly journals EFFICIENT MANET- INTERNET INTEGRATION FOR MOBILE DEVICES

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5343-5351
Author(s):  
Mahesh kumar Tiwari ◽  
UDAI SHANKAR ◽  
AJAY KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Gateway Discovery ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of wireless mobile nodes without having a fixed infrastructure support. The communication between these mobile nodes is carried out without any centralized control. The communication among the nodes within the infrastructure less networks is done through Ad-Hoc routing protocols, But whenever any mobile node want to communicate to a node in a network that is outside the ad hoc network such as internet, there should be an appropriate mechanism for establishing this connection with the internet node or host. Gateway discovery is a fundamental process in connecting MANET with the internet. A mobile node can connect to the internet by discovery of some specialized nodes called as gateway nodes. These Gateway nodes act as a bridge between the mobile ad hoc networks node and the internet. The basic aim of the gateway discovery approach is to modify the route discovery process so that it is not only used for discovery of destination mobile nodes but also the gateways. In this paper we are going to present a review of various gateway discovery approaches which are used for establishing the interconnection of mobile ad hoc networks and internet and going to propose a algorithm that reduce the discovery time of the gateway by selective forwarding and simultaneously also optimize the gateway discovery control overheads.

scholarly journals A Review Of Internet Gateway Discovery Approaches For Mobile Adhoc Networks

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar Patel ◽  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Gateway Discovery ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of wireless mobile nodes without having a fixed infrastructure. The communication between these mobile nodes is carried out without any centralized control. The communication among the nodes within the infrastructure less networks is done through some routing protocol. But whenever any mobile node want to communicate a node in a network that is outside the ad hoc network such as internet, there should be an appropriate mechanism for establishing this connection. Gateway discovery is a fundamental process in connecting MANET with the internet. A mobile node can connect to the internet by discovery of some specialized nodes called as gateway nodes These Gateway nodes act as a bridge between the mobile ad hoc networks and the internet. The basic aim of the gateway discovery approach is to modify the route discovery process so that it is not only used for discovery of destination mobile nodes but also the gateways. In this paper we are going to present a review of various gateway discovery approaches which are used for establishing the interconnection of mobile ad hoc networks and internet.

scholarly journals Optimum Neighbors for Resource-Constrained Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mohammed Tarique ◽  
Rumana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Static Case ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

This paper presents an investigation on the optimum number of neighbors for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The MANETs are self-configuring and self-organizing networks. In such a network, energyconstrained mobile nodes share limited bandwidth to send their packets to the destinations. The mobile nodes have a limited transmission range and they rely on their neighbors to deliver their packets. Hence, the mobile nodes must be associated with the required (i.e., optimum) number of neighbors. As the number of neighbors is varied, a trade-off exists between the network connectivity and available bandwidth per mobile node. To investigate this issue, we consider Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) as the routing protocol and IEEE 802.11 as the MAC layer protocol in this work. We consider both static and dynamic scenarios in this work. We simulated the ad hoc networks via network simulator (NS-2) and the simulation results show that there exists an optimum number of neighbors for the static case. We also show that mobility has a grave impact on the performance of the MANETs in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and packet loss. Hence, we need to increase the number of neighbors under mobility conditions. However, there is no global optimum number of neighbors for the mobility case.

Study of Ad hoc Networks with Reference to MANET, VANET, FANET

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodhy Krishna .S
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Autonomous Nodes ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Administration

A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. It is a type of temporary computer-to-computer connection. It is a spontaneous network which includes mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) and Flying ad-hoc networks (FANET). A MANET is a network that has many free or autonomous nodes often composed of mobile devices that can operate without strict top-down network administration [1]. A VANET is a sub form of MANET. It is a technology that uses vehicles as nodes in a network to create a mobile network. FANET is an ad-hoc network of flying nodes. They can fly independently or can be operated distantly. This paper discusses the characteristics of these three ad-hoc networks.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient and robust routing with RPAR Protocol in Ad Hoc Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.1) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Joshua Reginald Pullagura ◽  
D Venkata Rao
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Routing Mechanism ◽  
Hoc Networks

In ad hoc network, the topology of network changes frequently due to the mobile nature of nodes where the communication is possible without any fixed network infrastructure. Mobile nodes are battery operated and so energy efficient routing should be provided which increases the network life time. The existing routing mechanisms do not consider both hop count and energy of nodes for data transmission. In this paper we propose a routing mechanism where data transfer from source to destination is based on the minimum hop count and residual energy of mobile nodes. The proposed RPAR protocol shows better performance when compared to existing Energy power aware routing  protocol .The analysis is carried out by using network simulator (NS-2), the simulation results shows that the proposed routing mechanism provides energy efficient and reliable  routing in ad hoc networks.

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