Controle in vitro de Penicillium digitatum com extrato vegetal de Bidens pilosa L.

Citrus is among the most important plants in the fruit industry severely infected with pathogens. Citrus green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum is one of the most devastating diseases during post-harvest stages of citrus fruit. In this study, a potential endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21, isolated from healthy citrus plants, was assessed for its biocontrol activity against the pathogen P. digitatum. Based on an in vitro crosstalk assay, we suggested that B. subtilis L1-21 inhibits the pathogen with an inhibition zone of 3.51 ± 0.08 cm. Biocontrol efficacy was highest for the fermented culture filtrate of B. subtilis L1-21. Additionally, using GC-MS analysis, 13 compounds were detected in the extract of this endophyte. The culture filtrate in Landy medium could enlarge and deform pathogen spores and prevent them from developing into normal mycelium. Accordingly, the Landy culture filtrate of B. subtilis L1-21 was stable in the temperature range of 4–90 °C and pH of 3–11. Further, MALDI-TOF-MS for B. subtilis L1-21 detected surfactin, fengycin, bacillaene and bacilysin as potential antifungal compounds. GFP-tagged B. subtilis L1-21 easily colonized in citrus fruit peel and pulp, suggesting its role in eliminating the fungal pathogen. Altogether, it is highly expected that the production of antifungal compounds, and the colonization potential of B. subtilis L1-21 are required against the post-harvest P. digitatum pathogen on citrus fruit.

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In vitro and in vivo screening of yeast isolates on Penicillium digitatum and Galactomyces citri-aurantii of citrus

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2021.1325.33 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 233-238

Author(s):

N.C. Mbili ◽

S.S. Buthelezi

Keyword(s):

Penicillium Digitatum ◽

In Vivo Screening

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A Novel Secreted Cysteine-Rich Anionic (Sca) Protein from the Citrus Postharvest Pathogen Penicillium digitatum Enhances Virulence and Modulates the Activity of the Antifungal Protein B (AfpB)

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof6040203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 203

Author(s):

Sandra Garrigues ◽

Jose F. Marcos ◽

Paloma Manzanares ◽

Mónica Gandía

Keyword(s):

Citrus Fruit ◽

Penicillium Digitatum ◽

Antifungal Protein ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Wild Type ◽

Phenotypic Differences ◽

Antifungal Proteins ◽

Ascomycete Fungi ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Antifungal proteins (AFPs) from ascomycete fungi could help the development of antimycotics. However, little is known about their biological role or functional interactions with other fungal biomolecules. We previously reported that AfpB from the postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum cannot be detected in the parental fungus yet is abundantly produced biotechnologically. While aiming to detect AfpB, we identified a conserved and novel small Secreted Cysteine-rich Anionic (Sca) protein, encoded by the gene PDIG_23520 from P. digitatum CECT 20796. The sca gene is expressed during culture and early during citrus fruit infection. Both null mutant (Δsca) and Sca overproducer (Scaop) strains show no phenotypic differences from the wild type. Sca is not antimicrobial but potentiates P. digitatum growth when added in high amounts and enhances the in vitro antifungal activity of AfpB. The Scaop strain shows increased incidence of infection in citrus fruit, similar to the addition of purified Sca to the wild-type inoculum. Sca compensates and overcomes the protective effect of AfpB and the antifungal protein PeAfpA from the apple pathogen Penicillium expansum in fruit inoculations. Our study shows that Sca is a novel protein that enhances the growth and virulence of its parental fungus and modulates the activity of AFPs.

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In vitro SCREENING ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Bidens pilosa LINNÉ AND Annona crassiflora MART. AGAINST OXACILLIN RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) FROM THE AERIAL ENVIRONMENT AT THE DENTAL CLINIC

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652014000400011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 333-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jeferson Junior da Silva ◽

Cláudio Daniel Cerdeira ◽

Juliana Moscardini Chavasco ◽

Ana Beatriz Pugina Cintra ◽

Carla Brigagão Pacheco da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Bidens Pilosa ◽

Total Absence ◽

Mtt Method ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Annona Crassiflora

Currently multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus is one common cause of infections with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which directs scientific endeavors in search for novel antimicrobials. In this study, nine extracts from Bidens pilosa (root, stem, flower and leaves) and Annona crassiflora (rind fruit, stem, leaves, seed and pulp) were obtained with ethanol: water (7:3, v/v) and their in vitro antibacterial activity evaluated through both the agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods against 60 Oxacillin Resistant S. aureus (ORSA) strains and against S. aureus ATCC6538. The extracts from B. pilosa and A. crassiflora inhibited the growth of the ORSA isolates in both methods. Leaves of B. pilosa presented mean of the inhibition zone diameters significantly higher than chlorexidine 0.12% against ORSA, and the extracts were more active against S. aureus ATCC (p < 0.05). Parallel, toxicity testing by using MTT method and phytochemical screening were assessed, and three extracts (B. pilosa, root and leaf, and A. crassiflora, seed) did not evidence toxicity. On the other hand, the cytotoxic concentrations (CC50 and CC90) for other extracts ranged from 2.06 to 10.77 mg/mL. The presence of variable alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins was observed, even though there was a total absence of anthraquinones. Thus, the extracts from the leaves of B. pilosa revealed good anti-ORSA activity and did not exhibit toxicity.

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Antimalarial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract and Fraction of Bidens pilosa against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2020/8832724 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽

Yamssi Cédric ◽

Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul ◽

Ngongang Ouankou Christian ◽

Mounvera Abdel Azizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Bidens Pilosa

Background. Malaria is one of the most critical diseases causing about 219 million cases worldwide in developing countries. The spread and development of resistance against chemical antimalarial drugs is one of the major problems associated with malaria control. The present study was to investigate the antimalarial efficacy of ethyl acetate extract and one fraction of Bidens pilosa in vivo in order to support the usage of this plant by traditional healers to treat malaria. Methods. The extracts were prepared by maceration of B. pilosa leaf powder in ethyl acetate. The liquid filtrate of the extract and the best in vitro antiplasmodial fraction using HPLC were concentrated and evaporated using a rotavapor under vacuum to dryness. The antimalarial activity of B. pilosa plant products were evaluated in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infected mice according to the Peter and Rane test. The antimalarial efficacy of the a selected crude extract (ethyl acetate extract) was evaluated at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, while a selected fraction from ethyl acetate extract (fraction 12) was evaluated at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg. Blood from experimental animals was collected to assess hematological parameters. Results. The crude extract of ethyl acetate and fraction 12 demonstrated 100% in vivo parasite suppressive activity at doses of 500 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg, respectively, for the crude extract and fraction 12. The mice treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg had their parasitemia (intraerythrocytic phase of P. Berghei) drop considerably, disappearing by the 8th day in mice receiving 500 mg/kg. The ethyl acetate extract of B. pilosa, fraction 12 showed an even higher antiplasmodial activity. By the 5th day of the experiment, the treatment led to a modification of hematological parameters in mice. The chloroquine (5 mg/kg), fraction 12 (125 mg/kg), and the crude extract (500 mg/kg) groups all survived the 30 days of the experiment, while the negative control group registered 100% of the deaths. Conclusion. This study scientifically supports the use of Bidens pilosa leaves in the traditional treatment of malaria. However, the mode of action and in vivo toxicity of the plant still need to be assessed.

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