Standardization and strengthening the functionality of hospital management boards in central hospitals: Evidence of a developing economy

Zimbabwe’s public hospitals have been criticised for the declining standard of health service delivery for the past three decades with fingers pointed towards the hospital governance system. In response to the criticism, the government of Zimbabwe, through the Ministry of Health, has begun the process of making structural changes to the entire hospital governance system (Moyo, 2016; Sikipa, Osifo-Dawodu, Kokwaro, & Rice, 2019). The aim of the study is to examine the processes of appointing hospital management board (HMB) members in central hospitals of Zimbabwe. The study sought to explore the standardization, strengthening, and performance of HMBs in central hospitals of Zimbabwe with a focus on six central hospitals which include Harare, Chitungwiza, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals, United Bulawayo Hospitals (UBH), Mpilo, and Ingutsheni. The study employed a mixed-method design using the questionnaire and interviews to collect data. The target population included 66 board members. The census approach was used meaning that all members of the population formed the sample size. The study revealed that 67% of hospitals had functional HMBs with a quorum despite lacking a clear policy to evaluate their performance. The gaps identified required policy review to strengthen the appointment and performance of HMBs

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Towards a good governance system : The implementation of a system of management control in a public institution: Case of a Regional Academy for Education and Training.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION METHODOLOGY ◽

10.24297/ijrem.v7i4.4356 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1278-1288

Author(s):

TOUILI KARIMA ◽

DEKRI MERIAM

Keyword(s):

Educational System ◽

Good Governance ◽

Management Control ◽

Public Institution ◽

Governance System ◽

The Public ◽

National Priority ◽

The Difference ◽

The Government ◽

And Performance

The issue of reforming the Moroccan educational system has become an important national topic. The government is looking forward to achieve the objectives that have been defined forward for this system and contribute to let it be performant.Effectively, the Moroccan educational system is the second national priority. All the national speeches of his majesty king of Morocco are focalized in reorganizing this system by detecting the problems and developing pertinent solutions and tools able to make the difference in the future. The Moroccan context is characterized by the will of government to establish the notion of governance and performance in the public services in general and in the national educational system especially. The aim of our paper is to study how can we introduce the concept of performance in the educational system by integrating a system of management control in the system of education?The hypothesis that the three habitual summits of management control namely- means â€“objectives and realizations arenot enough for studying the complexity and the missions of such a sector like the educational system where the satisfactions of users is an important factor that must be took into consideration.

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EFFECT OF AGENCY BANKING ON PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE BANKS IN KENYA

International Journal of Finance and Accounting ◽

10.47604/ijfa.1167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Eunice Wangari Ndirangu ◽

David Kiragu ◽

Antony Ngunyi ◽

Mohamed Shano

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Target Population ◽

Primary Data ◽

P Value ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Data Set ◽

Record Keeping ◽

Customer Care ◽

The Government ◽

And Performance

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of agency banking on performance of microfinance banks in Kenya Materials and Methods: The study adopted positivism philosophy approach and descriptive research design was used. The study also used census survey. The target population was the thirteen Microfinance Banks regulated by the Central Bank of Kenya. The questionnaires were self-administered and primary data was collected from the thirteen regulated microfinance banks. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for preliminary analysis. Factor analysis was conducted to reduce the number of factors and Kaiser Mayer Olkin and Barlett’s test of Sphericity were tested and total variance explained, scree plot and rotated component matrix were drawn. Findings: The descriptive statistics findings disclosed that agency banking has a positive effect on performance of MFBs. This was shown by 71.7% of the respondents were in agreement that agency banking influence the performance of MFBs. The findings showed that the relationship between agency and performance was p value was 0.018 and F test of 5.908 showing that the model was statistically significant for the data set. The coefficient table showed that the equation was Y = 2.680 + 0.355AGB. The findings denoted that agency banking has a moderate relationship with performance of MFBs. The MFBs are using agency banking to grow their businesses thus generating profits and capital gain. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that MFBs should open more agents especially in the rural areas to facilitate population access near services. In addition, the management team and the policy makers should ensure that policies are elaborated to protect the customers from fraud and also exploitation by the business owners due to higher transaction cost and the business operating the agents should be trained on fraud policies because it is affecting many customers. The government and the MFBs should ensure all those operating the agents are well trained on record keeping, managing of funds, and customer care.

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Amelioration Of Educational Conditions Through School Management Committees

Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC) ◽

10.19030/tlc.v7i9.148 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Imran Yousuf ◽

Muhammad Tayab Alam ◽

Muhammad Latif Sajjad ◽

Muhammad Imran

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Educational Opportunity ◽

Target Population ◽

School Management ◽

Government Schools ◽

Major Purpose ◽

Head Teachers ◽

The Government ◽

And Performance ◽

Educational Conditions

Community participation in planning and managing for increased educational opportunity is necessary. To ensure the involvement of local community, the government of Pakistan experimentally launched a scheme in 1994 by establishing School Management Committees (S.M.Cs). The major purpose of the present study was to observe the functions and performance of S.M.Cs in Promoting Education in Pakistan. The government schools of Punjab Province were considered to be the target population. The study sample consisted of SMCs. of eight government higher secondary schools, 34 government high schools and 34 government elementary schools the Punjab. A survey-type study questionnaire was used to gather the data which were collected and interpreted by using simple statistical techniques of percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test. Tentative conclusions are drawn with regard to observations of head teachers and memebrs of SMCs.

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Analysis of Financial Performance of Public Sector Banks in India: CAMEL

Arthaniti-Journal of Economic Theory and Practice ◽

10.1177/0976747920966866 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 097674792096686

Author(s):

Yudhvir Singh ◽

Ram Milan

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Public Sector Banks ◽

The Government ◽

And Performance ◽

Asset Quality

Public sector banks have been merged by the government in the last few years. This is the rationale behind conducting this study. The purpose of this article is to determine the factors affecting the performance of public sector banks in India and the interrelationship between bank-specific determinants and performance of public sector banks. In this article, we shall analyse the financial data of all the public sector commercial banks for a period spread across 11 years (2009–2019); Capital adequacy, Assets quality, Management efficiency, Earning, and Liquidity (CAMEL) has been used as a performance determinant; system generalised method of moments (GMM) analysis has been used to find the effect of determinants on the performance measurement of public sector banks; and CCA (canonical correlation analysis) has been used to find the interrelationship between the bank-specific determinants and the performance of public sector banks. The finding has important implications in terms of performance in the banking sector. Certain limitations of this study are: It is based on secondary data. The study only covers the financial aspects and not the non-financial aspects. It is found that the asset quality is negatively related with performance of public sector banks. Liquidity and inflation are inversely related to performance of public sector banks in India. Capital adequacy is positively related with banks’ performance, but inversely related with banks’ interest margin. GDP growth has a significant positive impact on banks’ performance, but inversely related with banks’ interest income. Inflation rate is inversely related with banks’ performance. Banking sector reforms are insignificantly related with banks’ performance.

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Brazilian Community Restaurants for the Dimension of Low-Income People Access to Food

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2671

Author(s):

Mateus Santana Sousa ◽

Camila Silveira Silva Teixeira ◽

Jamacy Costa Souza ◽

Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa ◽

Renata Puppin Zandonadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Formal Education ◽

Average Energy ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Target Population ◽

Service Capacity ◽

The Public ◽

The Government ◽

Access To Food

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community restaurants (CRs), managed by the Government of the State of Bahia/Brazil, for the dimension of access to food. The study used secondary data obtained from the public opinion survey Profile of users of community restaurants in Salvador. The nutritional information was accessed through the analysis of CRs’ menus. Adequate effectiveness of access to food was considered when the CR served meals to 50% to 70% of the users considered the target audience (individuals served by the two CRs located in the city of Salvador/Bahia/Brazil). The participants (n = 1464; 778 as low-income individuals) were adult CR users from Salvador/Brazil. Most of the respondents were male, 40 to 54 years old, not white, had up to 9 years of formal education, without a partner, and living in the municipality of Salvador. The evaluated CRs are effective in serving 53.1% of the target population in their total service capacity. Meal provision only reached an estimated 0.7% of the socially vulnerable community in the district. The average energy value of the meal served by the CR units was 853.05 kcal/meal, with a mean energy density composition classified as average (1.15 kcal/g). The effectiveness of the evaluated community restaurants showed that these instruments were minimally effective in promoting access to food for the low-income population within their total daily service capacity, and the current quantity of these facilities was insufficient. However, these instruments stand out in the fundamental role of promoting the daily distribution of meals to the Brazilian population with the highest social vulnerability levels.

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Fish Price Determination Around Lake Victoria, Tanzania: Analysis of Factors Affecting Fish Landing Price

Global Business Review ◽

10.1177/0972150918811509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 348-363

Author(s):

Damian Boniface Sambuo ◽

Stephen Kirama ◽

Kitala Malamsha

Keyword(s):

Lake Victoria ◽

Regulatory Body ◽

Price Determination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Fish Market ◽

Fishery Policy ◽

The Government ◽

And Performance

Determination of fish landing price is important, as the same contributes to the structure, conduct and performance of the fish market in Lake Victoria. Determination of relevant landing price is a gap to console between fishermen, agents (middlemen), processors and the government. The main objective of this study was therefore to examine fish price determination. Specifically, to examine the methods for fish price determination and analyse factors that affect fish landing price in Lake Victoria, a cross-sectional design was employed, and 300 respondents were randomly selected from two district councils, namely, Sengerema and Buchosa. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Findings show that landing price is determined through formal negotiation with processors, consultation with other traders, informal negotiation with buyers and Beach Management Unit (BMU). The study concluded that these are the common methods used to determine landing prices. Also, distance from fishing to onshore landing centres, market information channels, age and experiences of the fishermen are the factors significantly found affecting landing price. It is recommended that the mechanism for setting up fishery price, fish market structure, fishery information and the formation of fishery regulatory body needs fishery policy and sector reforms that mark the determination of fish landing price.

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Efficiency Analysis of Government Subsidy and Performance Guarantee Policies in Relation to PPP Infrastructure Projects

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/6196218 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lei Shi ◽

Yujia He ◽

Masamitsu Onishi ◽

Kiyoshi Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Government Subsidy ◽

Performance Guarantee ◽

Infrastructure Projects ◽

Special Purpose Vehicle ◽

Performance Guarantees ◽

Sustainable Operation ◽

Integrated Policy ◽

The Government ◽

And Performance ◽

Liquidity Shock

Sustainable operation of public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects that are characterized by considerable external benefits is of vital importance. However, a liquidity shock might trigger an inefficient liquidation of a project by the special purpose vehicle (SPV) and the bank, whose objectives are to maximize the profits generated by the project. This study argues that performance guarantee and subsidy policies implemented by the government play a role in encouraging socially efficient decision-making by the SPV and the bank to ensure the continuation of socially valuable projects. The results show that both government subsidy and performance guarantee policies are effective in avoiding the inefficient liquidation of PPP infrastructure projects when the external benefits are large and certain. However, a performance guarantee policy might lead to inefficient continuation when the external benefits of a project are uncertain. Finally, we discuss the possibility that an integrated policy combining performance guarantees and government subsidies improves the efficiency of a PPP infrastructure project.

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Does gender diversity in supervisory boards affect gender diversity in management boards in Germany? An empirical analysis

German Journal of Human Resource Management Zeitschrift für Personalforschung ◽

10.1177/2397002221997148 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 239700222199714

Author(s):

Dennis Fleischer

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Gender Diversity ◽

Supervisory Board ◽

Board Members ◽

Governance System ◽

Management Board ◽

Supervisory Boards ◽

Gender Quota ◽

The Impact

Social aspects like gender diversity in the boardroom are becoming increasingly relevant and are a popular topic of public debate in the context of gender equality in business. However, there is little clarity about the potential spill-over effects of gender diversity. Both theory and empirical results have led to ambiguous conclusions with respect to the effect of gender diversity in the supervisory board on gender diversity in the management board. In addition, it is not clear whether the German gender quota legislation positively affects this relationship. This study analyses whether gender diversity in the supervisory board supports the gender diversity of the management board, and whether this relationship is affected by the gender quota legislation, focusing on the unique case of Germany. To cope with endogeneity concerns, this study employs a cross-lagged panel model with fixed effects using maximum likelihood structural equation modelling. The results of the analysis of the impact of the number of female supervisory board members on the number of female management board members do not support the view of positive spill-over effects of gender diversity in the environment of the German two-tier corporate governance system. Furthermore, this study finds no evidence of an effect of the German gender quota on this relationship. JEL Codes G38, M12, M14, M51

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The Impact of Planting Industry Structural Changes on Carbon Emissions in the Three Northeast Provinces of China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 705

Author(s):

Hongpeng Guo ◽

Sidong Xie ◽

Chulin Pan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emissions ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

Industry Structure ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Carbon Sinks ◽

Resource Endowment ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

This paper focuses on the impact of changes in planting industry structure on carbon emissions. Based on the statistical data of the planting industry in three provinces in Northeast China from 1999 to 2018, the study calculated the carbon emissions, carbon absorptions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry by using crop parameter estimation and carbon emissions inventory estimation methods. In addition, the multiple linear regression model and panel data model were used to analyze and test the carbon emissions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry. The results show that: (1). The increase of the planting area of rice, corn, and peanuts in the three northeastern provinces of China will promote carbon emissions, while the increase of the planting area of wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and vegetables will reduce carbon emissions; (2). Fertilizer application, technological progress, and planting structure factors have a significant positive effect on net carbon sinks, among which the changes in the planting industry structure have the greatest impact on net carbon sinks. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is suggested that, under the guidance of the government, resource endowment and location advantages should be given full play to, and the internal planting structure of crops should be reasonably adjusted so as to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture and accelerate the development process of agricultural modernization.

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