scholarly journals COMMENT on Zorilla-Azcué, S., Gonzalez-Rodríguez, A., Oyama, K., González, M.A. & Rodríguez-Correa, H., The DNA history of a lonely oak: Quercus humboldtii phylogeography in the Colombian Andes. Ecology and Evolution 2021, doi:10.100-2/ece3.7529.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Hooghiemstra ◽  
Antoine Cleef ◽  
Suzette Flantua
Keyword(s):  
Montane Forest ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Northern Andes ◽  
Colombian Andes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Published Paper ◽  
Quercus Forest ◽  
Quercus Humboldtii

We praise the authors for their work, and for the lyric title of their paper. We give a concise sketch of the present level of understanding of Quercus forest in Colombia. We identify the shortcomings in this published paper. We improve the relevance of this paper about Quercus as well as for future phylogenetic investigations other montane forest taxa to be framed in the rapidly improving palaeoecological understanding of the Northern Andes.

scholarly journals The DNA history of a lonely oak: Quercus humboldtii phylogeography in the Colombian Andes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofía Zorrilla‐Azcué ◽  
Antonio González‐Rodríguez ◽  
Ken Oyama ◽  
Mailyn A. González ◽  
Hernando Rodríguez‐Correa
Keyword(s):  
Colombian Andes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quercus Humboldtii

Late Pleistocene–Holocene environmental and climatic history of a freshwater paramo ecosystem in the northern Andes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1046-1056
Author(s):  
Luisa Patiño ◽  
Maria Isabel Velez ◽  
Marion Weber ◽  
César A. Velásquez‐r ◽  
Santiago David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Northern Andes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Climatic History

Andesitic (SiO2: ~60 wt%) monogenetic volcanism in the northern Colombian Andes: Crystallisation history of three Quaternary volcanoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 107194
Author(s):  
Natalia Salazar-Muñoz ◽  
Carlos Arturo Ríos de la Ossa ◽  
Hugo Murcia ◽  
Dayana Schonwalder-Ángel ◽  
Luis Alvaro Botero-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monogenetic Volcanism ◽  
Colombian Andes ◽  
History Of

Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Substance Use Disorders (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Motivational Enhancement Therapy ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Motivational Enhancement ◽  
Level Of Understanding

In conjunction with chapters 16 and 17, which described non-pharmacological approaches to pain management, this chapter reviews the available non-pharmacological approaches to substance use disorders (SUD). Specific subtopics include 12-Step programs and facilitation, motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, individual and group psychotherapies, contingency management, community reinforcement, family therapy, relapse management, and the terminal consideration of all therapies, termination (what is the duration of treatment)? Each subtopic is addressed in abstract rather than in comprehensive format, to allow the primary care provider to identify her level of interest and present level of understanding, and to inform further reading. The chapter concludes with a text box providing additional resources.

History of the montane forests of the northern Andes

1989 ◽  
Vol 162 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Van der Hammen
Keyword(s):  
Montane Forests ◽  
Northern Andes ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Deep Ancestry of Orthologs and a Theoretical, Gradualist Perspective for the Formation of the LUCA’s (Last Universal Common Ancestor) Genome

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Prosdocimi ◽  
Sávio Torres de Farias
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Universal Common Ancestor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Genes and gene trees have been extensively used to study the evolutionary relationships among populations, species, families and higher systematic clades of organisms. This brought modern Biology into a sophisticated level of understanding about the evolutionary relationships and diversification patterns that happened along the entire history of organismal evolution in Earth. Genes however have not been placed in the center of questions when one aims to unravel the evolutionary history of genes themselves. Thus, we still ignore whether Insulin share a more recent common ancestor to Hexokinase or DNA polymerase. This brought modern Genetics into a very poor level of understanding about sister group relationships that happened along the entire evolutionary history of genes. Many conceptual challenges must be overcome to allow this broader comprehension about gene evolution. Here we aim to clear the intellectual path in order to provide a fertile research program that will help geneticists to understand the deep ancestry and sister group relationships among different gene families (or orthologs). We aim to propose methods to study gene formation starting from the establishment of the genetic code in pre-cellular organisms like the FUCA (First Universal Common Ancestor) until the formation of the highly complex genome of LUCA (Last UCA), that harbors hundreds of genes families working coordinated into a cellular organism. The deep understanding of ancestral relationships among orthologs will certainly inspire biotechnological and biomedical approaches and allow a deep understanding about how Darwinian molecular evolution operates inside cells and before the appearance of cellular organisms.

scholarly journals Composing a National Picture from Local Scenes: New and Future Insights into the Fertility Transition

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilidh Garrett ◽  
Alice Reid
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Project ◽  
Level Of Understanding

This contribution examines the relationship between local population studies and the national picture by considering the example of the Victorian fertility transition in England and Wales. It begins by summarising the history of research into the fertility decline. It then describes a recent project, the Atlas of Fertility Decline, which has used the newly available machine-readable data on individuals from the censuses from 1851 to 1911 to estimate fertility at the level of the registration sub-district. The results from the project can be used to highlight geographical variations in fertility at the regional and local level. Explaining the patterns observed, though, will require detailed local studies. New resources that are being opened up for researchers interested in such issues in their local community, in their county, in their region or in the nation as a whole, make the pursuit and attainment of answers possible. New light can be thrown on local scenes that will each add a piece of the jigsaw which, when completed, will bring a whole new level of understanding of the complex puzzle that is the fertility transition in England and Wales.

scholarly journals Pemahaman Periodisasi Sejarah Gereja Umum di Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Leryani Mince Maria Manuain ◽  
Viktor Imanuel Nani
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Church History ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Level Of Understanding

This Paper is the result of a study of the extent of STAKN Kupang students’ understanding of General Church History Periodization. This research uses survey method with samle of 147 people. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and then analyzed in quantitative descriptive. The result showed that the level of  understanding of STAKN Kupang students was in the capable category.The Respondents’ denomination is in the category of able to very capable. This show that students, lectures and institutions have synergized well; students have a high  understanding of the periodization  of the history of the general church, lectures teaching with professionals and STAKN Kupang who always maintain and improve the equality of educational institutions. Scientific contributions from this research can be used as a source of study of Christian religious education. Such as hermeneutics, dogmatis, ethics, practica, theology form which can take something to deepen the knowledge and thingking of studet theology.     Tulisan ini merupakan hasil kajian tentang sejauh mana tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa STAKN Kupang terhadap periodisasi Sejarah Gereja Umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan jumlah sample 147 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner dan kemudian dianalisa secara deskirptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa STAKN Kupang berada pada kategori mampu.  Denominasi sebaran responden berada pada kategori mampu menuju sangat mampu. Ini menunjukan bahwa mahasiswa, dosen dan lembaga telah bersinergi dengan baik; mahasiswa memiliki pemahaman yang  tinggi terhadap Periodisasi Sejarah Gereja Umum, dosen mengajar dengan profesional dan STAKN Kupang yang selalu menjaga dan memperbaiki kualitas lembaga pendidikan. Sumbangan ilmiah dari penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sumber kajian mata kuliah Pendidikan Agama Kristen seperti hermeneutik, dogmatika, etika, teologi praktika yang daripadanya dapat kita ambil sesuatu untuk memperdalam pengetahuan dan pemikiran teologi mahasiswa. Sumbangan ilmiah dari penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sumber kajian mata kuliah Pendidikan Agama Kristen seperti hermeneutik, dogmatika, etika, teologi praktika yangdari padanya dapat kita ambil sesuatu untuk menperdalam pengetahuan dan pemikiran teologi mahasiswa.

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