scholarly journals Insect pollinator's community structure in different habitats of Shivapuri--Nagarjun National Park, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmila Dyola ◽  
Chitra Baniya ◽  
Pushpa Acharya ◽  
Pradip Subedi ◽  
Anjeela Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
National Park ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Important Means

Insect pollinators are important means for a stable ecosystem. The habitat types play a crucial role in the community composition, abundance, diversity, and species richness of the pollinators. The present study in Shivapuri–Nagarjun National Park explored the species richness and abundances of insect pollinators in four different habitats and different environmental variables in determining the community composition of the pollinators. Data were collected from 1500 m–2700 m using pan traps and hand sweeping methods. Non–metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were conducted to show the association between insect pollinators and environmental variables. The results firmly demonstrated that species richness and abundances were higher in open trails compared to other habitats. The distribution of the pollinator species was more uniform in the open trail followed by the grassland. Similarly, a strong positive correlation between flower resources and pollinator’s abundance was found. In conclusion, the open trail harbor rich insect pollinators in lower elevation. The community structure of the pollinators was strongly influenced by the presence of flowers in the trails.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ECHINODERMS (ASTEROIDEA, OPHIUROIDEA, ECHINOIDEA AND HOLOTHUROIDEA) IN THE MARINE NATIONAL PARK EAST SULAWESI WAKATOBI

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Yusron
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
Richness Index

A study on Echinoderms community structure in marine national parks of Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi was conducted in six locations, i.e., Waha Beach, Coastal Sombo, Beach Houses, Beach Kapota, Banakawa beach, and Umala beach in October 2013. All of the six parks were located the Wakatobi territorial waters with coordinates of 5°06'25" S and 123°124'10 E. The results showed of 18 species of echinoderms representing six different types of Asteroidea, two types of Ophiuroidea, six types of Echinoidea, and four types of Holothuroidea. Group of starfish or Asteroidea was the most prominent on seagrass area. Based on the six transects sites, it turned out that the group of starfish (Asteridea) occupied a relatively high level of species richness. From the quantitative analysis values, we obtained diversity index (H) of 1.105 in Sombu, the highest evenness index (J) of 0.989 was found in Umala, and the highest species richness index values (D) of 0.132 was obtained in kapota. It seemed that all echinoderm groups were generally like seagrass microhabitat (12 types). While, sand and dead coral habitats were only occupied by 8 (eight) echinoderm groups. Keywords: echinoderms, diversity, Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi

scholarly journals Responses of community structure and diversity to nitrogen deposition and rainfall addition in contrasting steppes are ecosystem-dependent and dwarfed by year-to-year community dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejun Yang ◽  
Zhenying Huang ◽  
Ming Dong ◽  
Xuehua Ye ◽  
Guofang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
Typical Steppe

Abstract Background and Aims Long-term studies to disentangle the multiple, simultaneous effects of global change on community dynamics are a high research priority to forecast future distribution of diversity. Seldom are such multiple effects of global change studied across different ecosystems. Methods Here we manipulated nitrogen deposition and rainfall at levels realistic for future environmental scenarios in three contrasting steppe types in Mongolia and followed community dynamics for 7 years. Key Results Redundancy analyses showed that community composition varied significantly among years. Rainfall and nitrogen manipulations did have some significant effects, but these effects were dependent on the type of response and varied between ecosystems. Community compositions of desert and meadow steppes, but not that of typical steppe, responded significantly to rainfall addition. Only community composition of meadow steppe responded significantly to nitrogen deposition. Species richness in desert steppe responded significantly to rainfall addition, but the other two steppes did not. Typical steppe showed significant negative response of species richness to nitrogen deposition, but the other two steppes did not. There were significant interactions between year and nitrogen deposition in desert steppe and between year and rainfall addition in typical steppe, suggesting that the effect of the treatments depends on the particular year considered. Conclusions Our multi-year experiment thus suggests that responses of community structure and diversity to global change drivers are ecosystem-dependent and that their responses to experimental treatments are dwarfed by the year-to-year community dynamics. Therefore, our results point to the importance of taking annual environmental variability into account for understanding and predicting the specific responses of different ecosystems to multiple global change drivers.

scholarly journals Helminth Parasite Communities of Two Scorpaena spp. (Scorpaenidae) From Reefs of Veracruz, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Jesús Montoya-Mendoza ◽  
Sandra Edith Badillo-López ◽  
Isabel Araceli Amaro-Espejo ◽  
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Fabiola Lango-Reynoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Southern Gulf Of Mexico

Scorpaena brasiliensis and S. plumieri are relevant fish species in reef systems, but little is known about their parasitic helminth communities and their structure. This paper describes such community in terms of species richness and diversity. A helminthological study was conducted on 33 specimens of S. brasiliensis and 36 S. plumieri, captured in the Pajaros and Cabezo Reefs, in the Veracruz Reef System National Park (VRSNP), Veracruz, Mexico. The helminth community structure was analyzed in both host species. A total of 10 parasitic species was registered in S. brasiliensis (5 digeneans, 1 cestode, 3 nematodes, 1 acanthocephalan), while S. plumieri hosted 11 species (4 digeneans, 1 monogenean, 1 cestode, 4 nematodes, 1 acanthocephalan), with 8 common species. The species with the highest prevalence were Pseudocapillaria (Icthyocapillaria) sp., with 18.2% and 19.4% in S. brasiliensis and S. plumieri, respectively. Component community richness for S. brasiliensis was S = 10, with Shannon index diversity value of H’ = 2.08. For S. plumieri, such values were of S = 11 and H’ = 1.91. Richness and diversity in the component and infracommunity levels for both hosts are lower than in other parasite communities of marine fishes in the southern Gulf of Mexico.

scholarly journals Community Structure, Biodiversity and Spatiotemporal Distribution of the Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) Using Malaise Traps on the Highest Mountain in Thailand

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Wichai Srisuka ◽  
Chayanit Sulin ◽  
Kittipat Aupalee ◽  
Thapanat Phankaen ◽  
Kritsana Taai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Doi Inthanon ◽  
Malaise Traps

Black flies form a group of small blood-sucking insects of medical and veterinary importance. This study aimed to investigate the community structure, biodiversity and spatial and temporal distribution of adult black flies in tropical rain forests, by using malaise traps in Doi Inthanon National Park, northern Thailand. Malaise traps were placed along six elevational gradients (400 m to 2500 m, above sea level) at Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai province, from December 2013 to November 2014. A total of 9406 adult female black flies belonging to five subgenera—Daviesellum (2%), Gomphostilbia (23%), Montisimulium (11%), Nevermannia (16%) and Simulium (48%)—were collected. Among 44 taxa found, S. tenebrosum complex had the highest relative abundance (11.1%), followed by the S. asakoae species-group (9.6%), the S. striatum species-group (7.7%), S. inthanonense (6.6%), S. doipuiense complex (6.4%), S. chomthongense complex (5.3%), S. chumpornense (5.1%) and S. nigrogilvum (4.1%). Two human-biting species—S. nigrogilvum and species in the S. asakoae species-group—were found in all of the collection sites with 100% species occurrence. Species richness was highest at mid elevation (1400 m), which is represented by 19 black fly species. The peak and lowest seasonal abundance was observed in the rainy and hot season, respectively. Seasonal species richness was highest in the cold season, except for that from elevation sites at 700 m, 1700 m and 2500 m. This study revealed that the malaise trap is effective in providing important data for further monitoring of the effects of environmental changes and conservation planning on the biodiversity of black flies in Doi Inthanon National Park.

scholarly journals Community composition and species richness of parasitoids infesting Yponomeuta species in the Netherlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F.R. Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Community Similarity ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Parasitoid assemblages infesting Yponomeuta species in the Netherlands were investigated. Parasitoid species richness and community composition were related to host species, habitat, temporal and spatial variation. Both community structure and species richness did not differ among habitats. There was no significant difference in species richness between years (1994 and 1995) but there was a significant difference in community composition. Community composition and species richness both differed among host species, although this latter result was solely due to the host species Y. evonymellus. There was no significant relationship between community similarity and distance. These results indicate that the parasitoids of the moth genus Yponomeuta in the Netherlands appear to form a spatially stable, but temporally variable community. Most of the variation in community structure was, however, related to the host species. The marked difference in parasitoid species richness and community composition of Y. evonymellus when compared to the other species warrants further study.

scholarly journals Determinants of Termite Assemblages’ Characteristics within Natural Habitats of a Sudano-Guinean Savanna (Comoe National Park, Côte d’Ivoire)

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
N’golo Koné ◽  
Kolotchèlèma Silué ◽  
Souleymane Konaté ◽  
Karl Linsenmair
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
National Park ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Woody Plant Species

Termites are one of the major components of tropical ecosystems. However, the ecological and biological variables determining the structure of their communities within natural habitats are less documented in general and especially in the Comoe National Park, a Sudano-Guinean savanna zone located in the north-eastern part of Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Using a standardized method of belt transects, the structure of termite’s communities was estimated within habitats differing in the structure of their vegetation, soil characteristics, and the disturbance level caused by annual occurrences of bushfires. The effect of a set of environmental variables (habitat type, occurrence of annual bushfire, woody plant density, woody plant species richness, and soil physicochemical parameters) was tested on the habitat-specific recorded termite species. Sixty species of termites belonging to 19 genera, seven subfamilies and two families, namely Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermitinae and Rhinotermitinae) and Termitidae (Apicotermitinae, Cubitermitinae, Macrotermitinae, Nasutitermitinae, and Termitinae) were sampled. These species were assigned to the four feeding groups of termites: fungus growers (18 species), wood feeders (17 species), soil feeders (19 species) and the grass feeders (6 species). The highest diversity of termites was encountered in forest habitats, with 37 and 34, respectively, for the gallery forest and the forest island. Among savanna habitats, the woodland savanna was identified as the most diversified habitat with 32 recorded species, followed by the tree savanna (28 species) and the grassy savanna (17 species). The distribution of termite species and their respective feedings groups was determined by the habitat type and a set of environmental variables such as Woody Plant Diversity (WPD), Woody plant Families Diversity (WPFD), and Organic Carbon (OC). The annual Fire Occurrence (FO) was found to indirectly impact the characteristics of termite assemblages within natural habitats via their respective Herbaceous Species Richness (HSR) and Woody Plant Species Richness (WPSR). In summary, the spatial heterogeneity of the Comoe National Park, modeled by the uncontrolled annual bushfire, offers a diversified natural habitat with an important variety of termite-habitat-specific species, probably due to the food preference of these organisms and its relatively good conservation status.

scholarly journals Bacterial Community Structure of Acid-Impacted Lakes: What Controls Diversity?

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1856-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha F. Percent ◽  
Marc E. Frischer ◽  
Paul A. Vescio ◽  
Ellen B. Duffy ◽  
Vincenzo Milano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Clone Libraries ◽  
Bacterioplankton Community ◽  
Bacterioplankton Communities

ABSTRACT Although it is recognized that acidification of freshwater systems results in decreased overall species richness of plants and animals, little is known about the response of aquatic microbial communities to acidification. In this study we examined bacterioplankton community diversity and structure in 18 lakes located in the Adirondack Park (in the state of New York in the United States) that were affected to various degrees by acidic deposition and assessed correlations with 31 physical and chemical parameters. The pH of these lakes ranged from 4.9 to 7.8. These studies were conducted as a component of the Adirondack Effects Assessment Program supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Thirty-one independent 16S rRNA gene libraries consisting of 2,135 clones were constructed from epilimnion and hypolimnion water samples. Bacterioplankton community composition was determined by sequencing and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis of the clone libraries. Nineteen bacterial classes representing 95 subclasses were observed, but clone libraries were dominated by representatives of the Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria classes. Although the diversity and richness of bacterioplankton communities were positively correlated with pH, the overall community composition assessed by principal component analysis was not. The strongest correlations were observed between bacterioplankton communities and lake depth, hydraulic retention time, dissolved inorganic carbon, and nonlabile monomeric aluminum concentrations. While there was not an overall correlation between bacterioplankton community structure and pH, several bacterial classes, including the Alphaproteobacteria, were directly correlated with acidity. These results indicate that unlike more identifiable correlations between acidity and species richness for higher trophic levels, controls on bacterioplankton community structure are likely more complex, involving both direct and indirect processes.

Zooplankton Communities and Water Chemistry of Sudbury Area Lakes: Changes Related to pH Recovery

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Locke ◽  
W. Gary Sprules ◽  
W. Keller ◽  
J. Roger Pitblado
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Acid Lakes

Temporal trends in pH, alkalinity, and crustacean zooplankton species richness and community composition were studied in 80 Sudbury area lakes sampled in 1971–76, 1981, and 1988–90. Alkalinity and pH have increased in recent years, but many of the study lakes remain quite acidic (modal pH 4.5–4.9). Species richness has also increased, on average, by 1.9 species/lake but is still low in many acid lakes relative to that in circumneutral lakes. Community composition differed among lakes of pH <5.0, 5.0–5.9, and ≥6.0, with some overlap between these groups because zooplankton recovery has lagged behind chemical recovery. Trajectories of community change in recovering acid lakes varied substantially in the early stages of recovery from highly acidic (pH <5.0) to moderately acidic pH (5.0–5.9). In contrast, trajectories in lakes recovered to pH ≥6.0 converged toward the community structure more typical of circumneutral lakes in the 1970's. This suggests that given sufficient time, zooplankton community structure of recovering lakes may approach that of circumneutral lakes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document