scholarly journals Re-branding Landscapes of Forgotten Resorts. Case of the Healing Resort Kemeri in Latvia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Natalija Nitavska ◽  
Daiga Skujane
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Health Resorts ◽  
Sulphur Spring

Health resorts have been important landscape identity elements and economy drivers in European cities since the beginning of their development. The sea coastal area in Latvia is rich in sulphur springs that have been used for health procedures since 19th century. Kemeri resort in Jurmala City is known as a unique place that got its name from the forester house Kemeres where the first health procedures were performed by using sulphur spring mud. In 1836 Kemeri was declared as a resort and became known in the whole Russian Empire and later also in the Soviet Union. Significant landscape changes occurred after Latvia regained its independence in 1990, when the ownership of the land changed from the state to the private. Affected by disagreements between the new owners, lack of private and state investments, decrease of visitors from former Soviet Republics, insufficient capacity for competing with European resorts, the resorts in Latvia often became abandoned and forgotten. Historically valuable buildings and parks of the resorts were degraded, the number of inhabitants and visitors decreased. Today the regional government has found opportunities for re-development of Kemeri resort by searching for a new identity and re-branding the place. Re-branding has been used to enhance attractiveness of the place and increase economic benefits. Therefore, the aim of the study is to identify historic heritage values suitable for re-branding of the place and to analyse a potential development of the resort Kemeri. Assessment part of the article is based on historic heritage study by comparing historic and modern photography, field surveys to identify historic heritage values of the place and their influence on possible development scenarios. Historic heritage values were identified according to the Historicity and authenticity; Aesthetic quality and integrity; Social meaning. The other parts of the article are addressed to re-branding of the place that includes involvement of identified historic heritage values into the new identity to enhance functionality, recognisability and attractiveness of the resort Kemeri.

RESTORATION OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF YALTA IN 1944

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (72) (4) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
N. D. Borshchik
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Resorts ◽  
Post War ◽  
Short Time

The article considers little-studied stories in Russian historiography about the post-war state of Yalta — one of the most famous health resorts of the Soviet Union, the «pearl» of the southern coast of Crimea. Based on the analysis of mainly archival sources, the most important measures of the party and Soviet leadership bodies, the heads of garrisons immediately after the withdrawal of the fascist occupation regime were analyzed. It was established that the authorities paid priority attention not only to the destroyed economy and infrastructure, but also to the speedy introduction of all-Union and departmental sanatoriums and recreation houses, other recreational facilities. As a result of their coordinated actions in the region, food industry enterprises, collective farms and cooperative artels, objects of cultural heritage and the social and everyday sphere were put into operation in a short time.

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF MODERNISM IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF SHOPPING COMPLEXES OF 1960-1980s IN THE CITIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
A. Ivanova-Ilyicheva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
The South ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The 1960-1980s is the time for the development of the wide architectural and construction practice of the Soviet Union of the techniques and methods of world modernism, the adaptation of world experience to the special socio-economic and political circumstances of the country. The public and shopping center on Kalinin Avenue in Moscow is one of the demonstrative experiments in Soviet architecture. It illustrates the functional-typological and spatial-planning findings of XX century architecture, demonstrates the attitude of modernism to the historical urban environment and at the same time fully meets the image of modernity in architecture. It shows the relationship of modernism to the historical urban environment. This ensemble has become an example to be repeated in many cities of the country, including in the South of Russia. The article is devoted to the architecture of the Krasnodar Book House and the Shopping Gallery on Navaginskaya Street in Sochi. They are considered as unique examples of the organization of an extended citywide public and shopping center. The author has carried out a comparative analysis of objects in the context of world and domestic trends in the formation of a functional-spatial type, identified space-planning and formal techniques of modernism in their architecture. On the basis of the conducted field surveys, photographs, study of literature, historical graphic and photographic materials, the now lost original appearance of the objects is restored. Despite the differences in the degree of spatial complexity, functional and imaginative content of the complexes built in Sochi and Krasnodar, the nature of their integration into the historical environment of cities, both objects are typical examples of their stylistic and typological group and are endowed with common recognizable features.

“British Subjects” and “British Stock”: Labour's Postwar Imperialism

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Paul
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Winston Churchill ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Power Role

If Conservative Party leader Winston Churchill fought World War II determined not to be the prime minister who lost the Empire, Clement Attlee, Ernest Bevin, and Herbert Morrison, who as Labour members of the Coalition government served with him, were equally determined to hold on to Empire once peace was won. The Empire/Commonwealth offered both political and economic benefits to Labour. Politically, the Commonwealth provided substance for Britain's pretensions to a world power role equal in stature to the new superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union. For this claim to be effective, however, the Commonwealth needed to be demographically strong and firmly united under British leadership. Economically, imperial preferences and the sterling area offered a financial buffer against Britain's true plight of accumulated wartime debts and major infrastructural damage and neglect. Receiving over 40 percent of British exports and providing substantial, and in the case of Australia and New Zealand, dollar-free imports of meat, wheat, timber, and dairy produce, the Commonwealth seemed a logical body on which the United Kingdom could draw for financial support. In short, postwar policy makers believed preservation of the Empire/Commonwealth to be a necessary first step in domestic and foreign reconstruction.Yet in 1945, a variety of circumstances combined to make the task of imperial preservation one of reconstitution rather than simple maintenance. First, it seemed that, just at the moment when Britain needed them most, some of the strongest and oldest members of the Commonwealth appeared to be moving away.

Rethinking the Budapest Memorandum from the Perspective of Ukrainian-Russian Relations in the Post-Soviet Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Alina Shymanska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine was adopted in 1990 and declared Ukraine a non-nuclear state. However, Kyiv was not eager to surrender the nuclear arsenal that it had inherited from the Soviet Union. It is possible to divide Ukraine’s denuclearisation process into two different phases. The first phase consisted of bilateral discussions between Russia and Ukraine, which ended due to Russia’s inability to understand Ukraine’s security concerns. In 1993, the United States joined the discussion, and the trilateral phase began. The involvement of the United States helped to reach a consensus and promote nuclear non-proliferation in Ukraine by providing security assurance and some economic benefits. The case of Ukraine’s nuclear non-proliferation was supposed to be one of the most exemplary cases of denuclearisation in the last two decades. But in light of the Ukrainian crisis which started in 2014, the world recognizes that the security assurances provided in the Budapest Memorandum ultimately failed to deter Russian aggression towards Ukraine. Scott Sagan believes that the international norms and an image of ‘a good international citizen’ that can integrate into the Western economic and security system while maintaining good relations with Russia mattered the most in view of Ukraine's decision to give up nuclear weapons. This article suggests that the Ukrainian denuclearisation is the fusion of both the norms and domestic factors that Ukraine faced in 1990s. The article will review Ukraine’s decision to return the nuclear weapons, despite the ongoing Russian threat. It will also clarify Ukraine’s decision to not pursue nuclear proliferation, despite recent trends within Ukraine’s political circle that would be in support of this decision.

The Vision and the Reality in the Taiga of Karelia and the Arkhangelsk Oblast

2020 ◽  
pp. 206-222
Author(s):  
Alan D. Roe
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Arkhangelsk Oblast ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Christian Culture ◽  
To Come ◽  
National Transformation

As the spirit of reform pulsated throughout the Soviet Union, an idealistic college student from the Ukrainian SSR named Oleg Cherviakov took a fateful trip down the Ileks River into Vodlozero Lake in Arkhangelsk Oblast and Karelia. Entranced by the area’s beauty and intrigued by traditional Orthodox Christian culture, Cherviakov envisioned a national park that he believed not only would protect the region’s forests but would bring about a regional religious revival. After serving as Vodlozero National Park’s director for nearly fifteen years, Cherviakov realized that few wanted to go back to the old ways. Moreover, he concluded that tourism’s economic benefits would never materialize when few tourists wanted to come to this region and with the state little interested in developing the park’s infrastructure. Vodlozero National Park’s history marks perhaps the apotheosis of utopian proposals for parks conceived during a time of national transformation and the nadir of disillusionment among park founders.

scholarly journals Ideological conflicts between Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries in the regional government branches

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Il'ya Anatol'evich Kontsevoi
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Joint Activity ◽  
Bipartite System ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Government

This article examines the interaction between the representatives of Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries in the regional government branches during the first half of 1918. The subject of this research is the ideological conflicts that emerged between the members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Left Social Revolutionaries in their joint activity. Considerable attention is given to classification of the ideological conflicts, as well as to identification of their causes and consequences for interaction of the representatives of both parties on the local level. These conflicts were an integral part of the Soviet bipartite system. Their manifestation began since dissolution of the government coalition of Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries. Based on the analysis of archival documents and published sources, the author describes the interaction between Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries in the local soviets. The novelty consists in classification of the conflicts between Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries, as well as in introduction into the scientific discourse of certain archival documents. The conclusion is made that despite the joint activity of the two parties aimed at strengthening of the Soviet regime, the ideological conflicts demonstrated a different perspective of Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries upon the political course of the country, as well as the methods of local governance. The escalating antagonism between the two Soviet parties eventually led to instability in the bipartite system and its collapse.

scholarly journals Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces Driving Russian Language Norms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Mustajoki ◽  
Ekaterina Protassova ◽  
Maria Yelenevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
The Russian Language

Russian, as a pluricentric language, demonstrates differences in pronunciation, lexis, syntactical structures, and regional specificity of grammar deviations. The imposition of a norm, which is difficult even in the metropolis, is hardly possible in the diaspora, where host countries’ realities have a strong impact on the Russian language spoken outside of Russian borders. Even support of the Russian language turns into a double-edged sword, as Russian institutions offering it to the diasporic communities refuse to admit the growing pluricentricity of the Russian language. Although almost 30 years have passed since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russian heritage remains strong in the post-Soviet space, and many countries continue using Russian in public settings and in education. Regional varieties of Russian increasingly drift away from the “Moscow norm”, although it still dominates culturally. New European borders and economic conditions stipulate new regulations in the use of traditional international languages. The debate on the norm and the struggle for bi- and multilingualism characterize the current situation with the Russian language in the world. At the same time, it is important to point out that due to diasporans’ transnational ties, globalization of Russian electronic media, and growing commodification of Russian, it is often used as a lingua franca on the territory of the former Soviet Union and in immigrants’ host countries. This requires a high degree of stability of the main linguistic features to ensure mutual understanding in communication. Russian speakers stick to their language and elevate its status whenever they feel mistreated or underrepresented in their countries of residence, or when they see economic benefits in its use.

THE ATTITUDE OF THE POPULATION OF THE TAMBOV REGION TO THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CPSU(b) IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1930s (based on letters and diaries)

2018 ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Andrey Vladimirovich ZHIGULSKIY
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
The City

The attitude of the population of the Tambov Region to the activities of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (bolsheviks) in the second half of the 1930s is analyzed. The main actions of local authorities in the period under investigation are considered. Particular attention is paid to the study of the scale of the activities carried out and their impact on the local population. The reasons for the failure of the regional government to fulfill many of the government’s goals have been identified. The methods used by local officials aimed at achieving the assigned tasks are considered. Based on letters and diaries written in the second half of the 1930s, the attitude of the region’s inhabitants to the events is defined. The assessment is formed under the influence of many factors, including age, place of residence, social status, political oppression or lack of it, as well as the religiousness of memoirists. During the events, the population moved to the city, and also often committed crimes in the form of theft or speculation of scarce goods. To fight negligence, slowness and abuses of local authorities, they began to appeal more often with complaints or various explanations to higher authorities, but stopped organizing uprisings and rallies. The position of the authors of letters and diaries on foreign policy pursued by the Soviet government is considered.

Curative Nature: Medical Foundations of Soviet Nature Protection, 1917–1941

Slavic Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-49
Author(s):  
Johanna Conterio
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Health Resorts

In 1922, there were thirty-five state health resorts in the Soviet Union. This article introduces the historic role of health resorts as sites of nature conservation in the Soviet Union, comparable to national parks and nature reserves (zapovedniki), and highlights the role of physicians and medical ideas in the formulation and promotion of conservation policies in the Soviet Union. It analyzes conservation laws and regulations that covered health resorts, prohibiting a range of activities throughout their territories to protect natural healing resources such as mineral waters, muds, and beaches. In the 1930s, Soviet health resorts became influential centers of conservation when the science of ecology lost state support and ecological study centers in the nature reserves were dismantled. The idea that the natural environment should be protected to serve human health gained influence with official patrons in the Soviet state because physicians explicitly aligned the health resorts with the anthropocentric ideology of the state and its goal of industrialization, opening up health resort medicine to the industrial workforce. Health and nature's curative ideas also formed the foundation for nature protection during Stalinism. State patronage of health resort conservation increased in the Stalinist period, culminating in 1940, when the reach of conservation was extended to local health resorts. The article concludes with an examination of conservation work in the Sochi health resort.

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