scholarly journals Weed infestation monitoring in vineyards in the South Sakar region of Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Iliyan Zheliazkov ◽  
◽  
Vyara Doycheva ◽  
Tsvetelina Ivanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Infestation

The weed infestation monitoring was conducted in 2019 and 2020. The purpose was to document the weed flora in a large part of the wine vineyard plots in the cadastral area of the Kolarovo, Ovcharovo, Dositeevo, Balgarin and Izvorovo villages within the administrative territory of the Harmanli municipality and the micro-climatic region of South Sakar. The established weed species composition was represented by 38 weed species belonging to 18 botanical families in ratio 81.58% to 18.42% monocarpous to polycarpous species classified in a total of nine biological groups.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of distribution of unseeded species in crops of perennial grasses, depending on the composition of the grass mixture and the mode of use of the grass

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
V. Olifirovich
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Weed Infestation

The article investigated the species composition and dynamics of changes in the contamination of agrophytocenoses of perennial grasses, depending on the composition of the grass mixture and the mode of use of the grass stand. In the crops of perennial grasses, 34 weed species belonging to 12 botanical kind were found in the first three years of use of the grass stand. In the structure of weed infestation of perennial grasses, the species of the Astra kind of weeds dominated, which were represented by stanktis annual, dandelion, yarrow, field thistle.

scholarly journals Weed infestation and factors affecting weed incidence in spring cereals in Finland - a multivariate approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Salonen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Infestation

Weed vegetation of spring cereal fields in southern and central Finland was analyzed by ordination methods to provide a community level description of weed populations. Attention was paid particularly to the relative importance of environmental factors affecting weed incidence such as crop management, soil properties and weather conditions. A data set of 33 weed taxa from 252 fields was subjected to both indirect and direct gradient analysis. Indirect ordination was obtained with correspondence analysis (CA), and direct gradient analyses were performed with redundancy analysis (RDA) and with canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) relating environmental factors to the occurrence of weeds. Among several management factors, continuous herbicide use explained best the variation in the species composition of weed flora. Weed vegetation was also associated with soil type, moisture conditions and soil pHH2O. Ordination diagrams visualized the species-environment interactions and detected characteristic weed species for different geographical regions. In addition to ordination analyses of weed flora, the level and structure of weed infestation are described. The density of weeds averaged 170 plants m2 (median=124) and the air-dry weight of weeds 320 kg ha-1 (median=183). The average weed density was the same in different soil types, but the weed biomass was lower in clay soils than in coarse mineral and organic soils

scholarly journals Weed infestation of cereal stubble-fields in the Lublin region

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-164
Author(s):  
Franciszek Pawłowski ◽  
Maria Jędruszczak
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Specific Species

Results presented concern the species composition, constancy (S) and indices of coverage (D) of weeds on the cereal stubble-fields on various soils in the Lublin region. The report was based upon 456 phytosociological records collected in 130 stands after harvest in the years 1975-1980. In total 245 weed species were found. They were the scarcest on loose sands - 65 species, and the most abundant on loess soil - 158 species. Each kind of soil was characterized by a specific species composition, various degrees of constancy and indices of coverage of weeds.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilization and Weed Management on Weed Flora of Hemp Crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Angeliki KOUSTA ◽  
Panayiota PAPASTYLIANOU ◽  
Nikolina CΗΕΙΜΟΝΑ ◽  
Ilias TRAVLOS ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Density And Biomass

Hemp is known to have a competitive advantage over weeds. Despite its suppressive ability, weed infestation remains an important issue during the early growth of the crop. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fertilization and weed management on weed flora and hemp growth parameters during initial growth in the 2019 season. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replicates: three hemp cultivars as main plots, three fertilization treatments as sub-plots and two sub-sub-plots (weedy, weed free). For the computation of height and biomass weight, 10 plants were randomly selected in each plot. Weed species were collected by quadrate and density and biomass weight were determined. ANOVA revealed that all factors and their interactions significantly affected plant traits. Hemp cultivars showed different competitive ability. ‘Futura 17’ reduced weed measurement traits better than ‘Uso 31’. Density and biomass of nitrophilous weeds increased with the higher N dose compared to control (up to 56% and 79% respectively), therefore negatively affecting the growth of the hemp plants. Further research is needed in order to identify useful information on interactions between weeds and hemp crop to address potential yield losses under different weed management systems.

scholarly journals Weeds in the Southern Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
A. S. Tretyakova ◽  
P. V. Kondratkov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
The South ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
High Occurrence ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Segetal Flora

The analysis of weed species composition in the Southern Trans-Urals was presented. The studied segetalflora included 127 species, 91 genera and 26 families. The most multi-species families were Asteraceae (23 species), Brassicaceae (14 species), Fabaceae and Poaceae (13 species). The most multi-species genera were Artemisia, Brassica and Vicia.The single-species genera in the segetal flora of the South Trans-Urals was up to 73 %. The amount of alien plants was 58%. We classified 11 species as highly active weeds. They had a high coverage (25–40 %), medium or high occurrence (inmore than 41 % of the surveyed field crops) and were found in all crops. Most weeds was inactive (103 species or 81 %).

scholarly journals Species composition and density of weeds in a grain maize crop depending of soil tillage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
P. Yankov ◽  
M. Drumeva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Respective Species

Abstract. The study was carried out during 2014-2016 on slightly leached chernozem soil type. The species composition and density of weeds were studied in grain maize grown after previous crop wheat under the following main soil tillage types: ploughing at 24-26 cm, chisel plough at 24-26 cm and no-tillage (direct sowing). The additional tilths of the areas with ploughed and loosened soil included single disking in autumn and double pre-sowing harrowing in spring. A total herbicide was applied for control of the emerging weeds in the variant with direct sowing. The weed control was done according to the standard technology for growing of the crop in this region – treatment with herbicides at stage 3rd-5th leaf of the plants. Weed infestation was read in spring prior to the pre-sowing tillage, immediately before the vegetation treatment with herbicides, and after harvesting. The type of main soil tillage had a statistically significant effect on the species composition and the density of weeds in the grain maize crops grown after previous crop wheat. The use of ploughing, in parallel with the use of chemicals for weed control, decreased the weed infestation in the maize crops. The lower density of weeds under this main soil tillage type was related to changes in the composition and the relative percentage of the respective species in the total infestation. The use of tilths without turning the surface layer and no-tillage in the crop rotation, in spite of the application of herbicides, contributed to the increase of the amount of weeds. The reason for this was the higher variability of weed species typical for shallow tillage types.

scholarly journals Weed Species Composition of Agrophytocenoses in Altai Krai

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Terekhina ◽  
Alyona V. Nochevnaya ◽  
Natalia V. Ovcharova ◽  
Irina A. Lapshina
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

The article reviews the weed species composition of oat, sunflower, wheat, buckwheat, rapeseed and flax agrophytocenoses on 390 fields in 21 districts of Altai Krai: Aleyskiy, Bistroistokskiy, Baevskiy, Burlinskiy, Kamenskiy, Kosikhinskiy, Krutikhinskiy, Kytmanovskiy, Loktevskiy, Mamontovskiy, Novichikhinskiy, Pankrushikhinskiy, Rebrikhinskiy, Rubtsovskiy, Shipunovskiy, Sovetskiy, Tretyakovskiy, Troitskiy, Tyumentsevskiy, Zarinskiy, and Zonalniy. The studied fields were surveyed by the route method, which involved the study of the plot by examining it along two diagonals and four sides, when the area did not exceed 20.0 hectares. Larger fields were divided into plots of 20.0 hectares before the survey. The areas adjacent to roads were examined most carefully, since it is often from the road that the field becomes infested. We used the ArcGis program to compile original maps for the main weed plant species. It was found that out of 45 species encountered, only 10 play a significant role in weed infestation and have a high frequency rate: aboriginal Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Euphorbia virgata, Lathyrus tuberosus, Chenopodium album, as well as such adventive species as Fallopia convolvulus, Setaria pumila, Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale, Avena fatua and Echinochloa crusgalli. The largest number of species accounts for the Poaceae family (33.3%). The Brassicaceae family is characterized by a slightly lower percentage of participation in the adventitious flora (27.7%). Other families are not so well represented (by 1-2 species each).

scholarly journals Effect of tillage system on the structure of weed infestation of winter wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Weed Distribution ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Ct System

The study aimed to evaluate the structure of weed infestation of winter wheat grown in different weeding systems: conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and herbicide treatment (HT). In CT system, shallow ploughing and pre-sow ploughing were conducted after the harvest of the previous crop. In RT system, shallow ploughing was replaced by cultivator tillage, whereas pre-sow ploughing by a tillage set. In HT system, shallow ploughing was replaced by spraying with glyphosate and pre-sow ploughing by cultivator tillage. At the tillering stage (22-23 in BBCH scale), species composition and number of weeds/m2 were determined with the botanical-gravimetric method, whereas at the stage of waxy maturity of wheat (82-83 BBCH) analyses were conducted for species composition as well as density, air-dry weight, and weed distribution in crop levels. The Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H’) and degrees of phytosociological constancy (S) of weeds were determined as well. The study showed that more weeds occurred in RT and HT systems than in the CT system and they produced higher biomass in RT than in CT and HT systems. The tillage system affected weed distribution in crop levels. In CT system, the highest weed density was identified in the ground and lower levels, whereas in RT and HT systems in the ground and middle levels. Values of the species diversity index (H’) indicate a similar diversity of weed species composition between weeding systems and more diverse between study years.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of a cereal-legume mixture depending on its concentration and position in a crop rotation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field study was carried out in the period 2000-2006 at the Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo belonging to the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Its aim was to compare weed infestation of a mixture of spring barley and field pea grown in a four crop rotation with different crop selection and sequence. Each year during tillering of spring barley and before the harvest of the mixture, weed species composition and density were evaluated, while additionally weed biomass was also estimated before the harvest. These results were used to determine species constancy, Simpson&rsquo;s dominance index, the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness indices as well as the community similarity index based on floristic richness, numbers and biomass of particular weed species. The cropping frequency and the position of the mixture in the crop rotation did not differentiate the species composition and total biomass of weed communities in the cereal-legume mixture crops. The crop rotation in which the mixture constituted 50% and was grown after itself had a reducing effect on weed numbers. Growing field pea in the 4-year crop rotation promoted weed infestation of the mixture and the dominance of weed communities. <em>Capsella bursa-pastoris</em>, <em>Chenopodium album</em>, <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>, <em>Elymus repens</em>, <em>Polygonum convolvulus</em>, and <em>Sonchus arvensis </em>were constant components of the agrophytocenoses. The weed communities were more similar in terms of their floristic composition than in terms of weed density and air-dry weight of weeds.

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