Weed Species Composition of Agrophytocenoses in Altai Krai

The article reviews the weed species composition of oat, sunflower, wheat, buckwheat, rapeseed and flax agrophytocenoses on 390 fields in 21 districts of Altai Krai: Aleyskiy, Bistroistokskiy, Baevskiy, Burlinskiy, Kamenskiy, Kosikhinskiy, Krutikhinskiy, Kytmanovskiy, Loktevskiy, Mamontovskiy, Novichikhinskiy, Pankrushikhinskiy, Rebrikhinskiy, Rubtsovskiy, Shipunovskiy, Sovetskiy, Tretyakovskiy, Troitskiy, Tyumentsevskiy, Zarinskiy, and Zonalniy. The studied fields were surveyed by the route method, which involved the study of the plot by examining it along two diagonals and four sides, when the area did not exceed 20.0 hectares. Larger fields were divided into plots of 20.0 hectares before the survey. The areas adjacent to roads were examined most carefully, since it is often from the road that the field becomes infested. We used the ArcGis program to compile original maps for the main weed plant species. It was found that out of 45 species encountered, only 10 play a significant role in weed infestation and have a high frequency rate: aboriginal Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Euphorbia virgata, Lathyrus tuberosus, Chenopodium album, as well as such adventive species as Fallopia convolvulus, Setaria pumila, Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale, Avena fatua and Echinochloa crusgalli. The largest number of species accounts for the Poaceae family (33.3%). The Brassicaceae family is characterized by a slightly lower percentage of participation in the adventitious flora (27.7%). Other families are not so well represented (by 1-2 species each).

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Weed Infestation and Health of the Soybean Crop Depending on Cropping System and Tillage System

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10060208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dorota Gawęda ◽

Małgorzata Haliniarz ◽

Urszula Bronowicka-Mielniczuk ◽

Justyna Łukasz

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Soybean Crop ◽

Study Results ◽

Weed Infestation

This study evaluated weed infestation and health of the soybean crop grown in crop rotation (CR) and monoculture (CM) under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) conditions. The research proved that growing soybean in monoculture and under no-tillage conditions increases weed infestation and infection of soybean with fungal diseases. In these treatments, increased numbers of most of the dominant species were also found. A significantly higher percentage of monocotyledonous species and a much lower percentage of dicotyledonous ones in total weed dry weight were shown in the CR treatment relative to CM and in the NT system compared to CT. The biodiversity of the weed community was similar in monoculture and crop rotation, and slightly greater in the NT system in comparison with CT conditions. In both tillage systems, Amaranthus retroflexus was the weed species that most infested the soybean crop. In soybean grown after itself, Amaranthus retroflexus was the weed that occurred in the greatest numbers, while, in crop rotation, this was Echinochloa crus-galli. In all years of the study, soybean was infected with Septoria glycines to the highest degree, which was followed by Cercospora sojina, whereas infection with Ascochyta sp. was the lowest. Weather conditions in individual years of the study were proven to affect weed infestation and infection of soybean with fungal diseases. The study results prove that cropping systems and tillage systems significantly affect weed infestation and health of the soybean crop.

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STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROPS IN THE NISAVA DISTRICT

Applied Researches in Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/artte.2018.04.009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 340-345

Author(s):

Jelica Živić ◽

Milić Vojinović ◽

Ivica Stančić ◽

Saša Petrović

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Cultivated Plant ◽

The Right

The damage from the present weeds in maize crop is shown by the reduction of yield in almost every year and their suppression is completely economically justified. The right selection of herbicides mostly depends on the presence of dominant weed species and the time of application. The paper presents the distribution and existence of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Avena fatua, Calystegia sepium, …) on ten locations of maize crops in the Nisava district. Estimation of the species presence was done in two shootings (May and August) on scale 1-4 (1 - species appears individually and occupy up to 5% of the surface, 2 - appears and occupies 5-25% of the surface, 3 - appears often and occupies 25-50% of the surface, 4 - the species prevails over the cultivated plant and occupies over 50% of the surface).

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Hıyarda (Cucumis sativus L.) yabancı ot çıkış zamanın tahminine yönelik araştırmalar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v3i5.271-278.268 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 271

Author(s):

Nihat Tursun ◽

İrfan Ersin Akıncı ◽

Mustafa Şahin ◽

Ahmet Uludağ

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Cubic Spline ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Tribulus Terrestris ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Cucumis Sativus L

Modelling is carried out for eleven major weeds in cucumber to develop estimated models for weed emergence time. Weed species were grouped according to their emergence patterns. Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Heliotropium europaeum, Polygonum aviculare and Solanum nigrum were early emerging, Convolvulus arvensis, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Portulaca oleracea and Sorghum halepense were season long emerging Tribulus terrestris was the late emerging weed species. Different non-linear growth curves (Chapman-Richard, Weibull, logistic, Gompertz and cubic spline) fitted to the data of cumulative percent emergence for the different species and years. Cubic spline seemed the best model for many species.

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Seedling establishment early on an abandoned field

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/8375-pps ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 37 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

J. Štolcová

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Species Composition ◽

Seedling Establishment ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Abandoned Field ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Small Plot

The effect of sporadic cultivation on seedling establishment on a field abandoned for 1–4 years was investigated in small-plot trials at Prague-Ruzyně in the spring periods 1993–1995. Cultivation included autumn ploughing, spring harrowing and rolling on all plots that were subsequently left to spontaneous weed infestation. Some plots were then mowed or shallowly cultivated in mid-June and late July, others were left without treatment. No significant differences in seedling establishment were found between plots with different treatments. The number of species varied between years, but without a trend to species enrichment or impoverishment. In all years most species were annuals, and species composition did not change in the course of the experiment. The dominant species were Amaranthus retroflexus, Lamium amplexicaule, Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album, Silene noctiflora and Thlaspi arvense. Species diversity during the experimental years increased due to decreasing dominance of A. retroflexus.

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Reducing herbicide use in spring cereal production

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72681 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 2 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 1-41

Author(s):

Jukka Salonen

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Weed Biomass ◽

Cereal Production ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Acid Herbicides

A survey was conducted in southern and central Finland from 1982 to 1984 to determine the main weed species affecting spring cereal production. The weed flora was dominated by broad-leaved species. The most common broad-leaved weeds were Chenopodium album L., Galeopsis L. spp., Viola arvensis Murr. and Stellaria media (L.) Vili., and the most common grass weed was Elymus repens (L.) Gould. The density of weeds averaged 170 plants m-2 (median 124), and the dry weight 320 kg ha-1 (median 183). Ordination analyses revealed that the species composition of weed populations varied regionally and was affected by soil characteristics and crop management practices, particularly by long-term use of herbicides. An additional aspect studied in the survey was herbicide efficacy in farmers’ fields. Phenoxy acid herbicides, MCPA, dichlorprop and mecoprop, were the most common active ingredients used in the 252 spring cereal fields surveyed. MCPA alone gave only a moderate control of 65%, determined as a reduction of weed biomass, whereas the efficacy of herbicide mixtures containing MCPA averaged 83%. Inadequate control was in most cases due to a wrong choice of active ingredient for the prevailing weed population. Reduction in the use of herbicides by applying lower doses than recommended was studied in field experiments. Herbicide formulations of MCPA/dichlorprop, MCPA/mecoprop and MCPA/fluroxypyr were screened in spring barley (Hordeum vulgäre L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields. The efficacy of herbicides, applied at the lowest recommended dose, averaged 85%. At a 30% lower dose the efficacy still reached 79%. Even lower herbicide doses were often adequate, depending on the herbicide, weed species and the crop. The production of weed biomass was adequately suppressed with reduced doses since the most common and aggressive species, such as Chenopodium album and Galeopsis spp., were efficiently controlled with low doses. Use of reduced herbicide doses for three years in the same field caused neither an increase in the subsequent weed infestation nor changes in the species composition of weed populations compared with the treatments at recommended rates of application. The percentage emergence of weeds averaged 70-75% at the time of herbicide application when the crop was at the 3-4 leaf growth stage. However, spraying during the early growth stages of those weeds that emerge in the main flush is recommended since the competitive ability of the crop is normally sufficient to suppress the growth of late-emerging weed seedlings. At harvest the proportion of weed biomass in unsprayed plots, as a proportion of the total vegetative biomass, averaged 3.1% in barley fields and 3.6% in wheat fields. The growth of weeds was more efficiently suppressed with reduced herbicide doses than by increasing the seeding rate of the crop. The mean yield gain remained below 5% at all rates of herbicide application. No reliable density-based threshold for chemical weed control was established. Instead, site-specific dose adjustment based on the composition and infestation level of the prevailing weed populations is suggested to reduce the total use of herbicides and to maintain the current low levels of weed infestation. Consequently, annual reductions of 30% in use of cereal herbicides are expected. Such a reduction corresponds to monetary savings of approximately FIM 20 million per annum at the national level.

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Determination of the frequency and density of weed species in apple orchards in Kahramanmaras region of Turkey

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v42i1.31983 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 87-102

Author(s):

Tamer Üstüner

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Average Density ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Apple Orchards ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽

Lactuca Serriola

A study was carried out in Kahramanmaras region of Turkey during 2012-13 having ten subregions namely, Afsin, And?r?n, Caglayancerit, Ekinozu, Elbistan, Göksun, Center, Nurhak, Pazarc?k and Türkoglu to determine the range, density and frequency of weeds in apple orchards. In the orchards 133 weed species from 31 families were determined. The average density of weeds was 112.49 plants m-2. The maximum density of weed species was found in Göksun (127.30 plants m-2) followed by Elbistan (126.13 plants m-2), Ekinozu (125.95 plants m- 2), Afsin (120.39 plants m-2), Center (117.94 plants m-2) and Caglayancerit (114.90 plants m-2), and the minimurn density was determined in Pazarc?k (69.51 plants m-2). From the identified 133 weed species one species belonged to Pterydophyta, 2l species to Monocotyledoneae and 111 species to Dicotyledoneae. The average densities of the weed species over l0 subregions for Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv., Chenopodium album L., Bromus arvensis L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. were found to be 13.76, 12.17, 12.10 and 10.76 plants m-2, respectively. With regard to frequency of occurrence, C. album L. was detected more than 56% in six subregions excluding And?r?n, Pazarc?k, Türkoglu and Center; A. retroflexus L. more than 54% in 7 subregions excluding Center, Pazarc?k and Türkoglu and A. repens (L.) P. Beauv. more than 50% in 10 subregions. Frequency of occurance of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. was observed 50.1, 50.9, 76.9% in Afsin, Caglayancerit and And?r?n, respectively and it was below 50% in other 7 subregions. In terms of coverage, Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., A. retroflexus, A. repens, B. arvensis, C. album, Convolvulus arvensis L., C. dactylon and Lactuca serriola L. were determined to be within the range of 20.2 to 48.2% in the study areas while the other species were below 20%.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 87-102, March 2017

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Changes in weed infestation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under conditions of strip intercropping and different weed control methods

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2010.045 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aleksandra Głowacka

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Weed Species ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Strip Intercropping

The experiment was conducted in the years 2004-2006 in a private farm in the village of Frankamionka in Zamość district. There were two experimental factors: I. Cultivation methods - sole cropping and strip intercropping; and II. Tending methods - mechanical, mechanical-chemical, and chemical weed control. The subject of the study was weed infestation of the Mela variety of common bean. Beans were sown between 30 April and 5 May. Weed infestation was assessed in the last week before harvesting by determining its floristic composition and the frequency of occurrence of particular weed species, as well as the air-dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species were Galinsoga parviflora, Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album, and Amaranthus retroflexus, which comprised 84.7% of the total number of weeds. Strip intercropping markedly reduced the number of weeds per unit area (by 50%), as well as the dry weight of their aerial parts. The most effective method of weed control was the mechanical-chemical method, which resulted in the lowest occurrence of weeds. It also significantly reduced the weight of weeds.

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STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROPS IN THE NISAVA DISTRICT

International Conference on Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/ictte.2018.06.003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 231-236

Author(s):

Jelica Živić ◽

Milić Vojinović ◽

Ivica Stančić ◽

Saša Petrović

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Cultivated Plant ◽

The Right

The damage from the present weeds in maize crop is shown by the reduction of yield in almost every year and their suppression is completely economically justified. The right selection of herbicides mostly depends on the presence of dominant weed species and the time of application. The paper presents the distribution and existence of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Avena fatua, Calystegia sepium …) on ten locations of maize crops in the Nisava district. Estimation of the species presence was done in two shootings (May and August) on scale 1-4 (1 - species appears individually and occupy up to 5% of the surface, 2 - appears and occupies 5-25% of the surface, 3 - appears often and occupies 25-50% of the surface, 4 - the species prevails over the cultivated plant and occupies over 50% of the surface).

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Weed Interference Affects Dry Bean Yield and Growth

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb437810 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 70-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hossein GHAMARI ◽

Goudarz AHMADVAND

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Growing Season ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Weed Species ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Logistic Equations ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Minimum Number

Dry bean is one of the most important pulse crops in Iran. Field study was conducted in 2011 to evaluate effects of weed competition from a natural flora on growth and yield of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The treatments consisted of weed infestation and weed removal periods (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days) after crop emergence. Control plots kept weed-infested and weed-free throughout growing season. To assess the weed competition effect on crop characteristics, Richards, Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to the data. The most abundant weed species were Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Increase in duration of weed interference decreased the stem height of dry bean. At the end of the growing season, dry bean was 20 cm taller in season-long weed-free treatment compared to the season-long weed-infested treatment. As the number of days of weed interference increased, a declining trend of LAI and number of pods was observed. The minimum number of pods was obtained in season-long weed-infested treatment (5.01 pods/plant). Weed interference during the whole growing season, caused a 60% reduction in yield. Considering 5% and 10% acceptable yield lost, the critical period of weed competition was determined from 20 to 68 and 23 to 55 days after planting (DAE), respectively.

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EXAMINATION OF THE WEED FLORA OF RUDER HABITATS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF SUPPRESSION WITH HERBICIDES

Applied Researches in Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/artte.2018.04.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 329-332

Author(s):

Milić Vojinović ◽

Jelica Živić ◽

Sanja Perić ◽

Miroljub Aksić

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Working Environment ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Weed Species ◽

Construction Sites ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Human Settlements ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Vegetation Complex ◽

Selection Of

Ruderal flora, as well as the vegetation that flora forms, represent an extremely dynamic floristic-vegetation complex and arean integral part of the most immediate living and working environment of human. It is formed and developed mainly in human settlements, as well as in the other anthropogenic environments that are occasionally or permanently under direct or indirect influence of various forms of human activity. Ruderal vegetation is found not only directly around the settlements, but also around all urban and accompanying facilities: along roads, paths and fences around houses, yards, walls and roofs, in avenues, on ruins, construction sites, landfills, along railway tracks, road and defense embankments, on wet and nitrified banks of rivers, near human settlements, in abandoned lawns, on the street walks with sandy areas, cemeteries, in degraded pastures, forests, etc. This essay presents the distribution and representation of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrumrepens, Amaranthusretroflexus, Calystegiasepium, Cirsiumarvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodiumhybridum, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynodondactylon, Daturastramonium, Sonchusarvensis, Sorghum halepense, Xanthium strumarium…) at ten sites in the Nisava district. The assessment of species representation was done in two shootings (May and August) according to scale 1-4. The proper selection of herbicides depends, in a large extent, on the presence of dominant weed species and on the time of application.

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