scholarly journals Anurans in a Subarctic Tundra Landscape Near Cape Churchill, Manitoba

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Reiter ◽  
Clint W. Boal ◽  
David E. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Lithobates Sylvaticus ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Monitoring Protocols

Distribution, abundance, and habitat relationships of anurans inhabiting subarctic regions are poorly understood, and anuran monitoring protocols developed for temperate regions may not be applicable across large roadless areas of northern landscapes. In addition, arctic and subarctic regions of North America are predicted to experience changes in climate and, in some areas, are experiencing habitat alteration due to high rates of herbivory by breeding and migrating waterfowl. To better understand subarctic anuran abundance, distribution, and habitat associations, we conducted anuran calling surveys in the Cape Churchill region of Wapusk National Park, Manitoba, Canada, in 2004 and 2005. We conducted surveys along ~1-km transects distributed across three landscape types (coastal tundra, interior sedge meadow–tundra, and boreal forest–tundra interface) to estimate densities and probabilities of detection of Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata) and Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus). We detected a Wood Frog or Boreal Chorus Frog on 22 (87%) of 26 transects surveyed, but probability of detection varied between years and species and among landscape types. Estimated densities of both species increased from the coastal zone inland toward the boreal forest edge. Our results suggest anurans occur across all three landscape types in our study area, but that species-specific spatial patterns exist in their abundances. Considerations for both spatial and temporal variation in abundance and detection probability need to be incorporated into surveys and monitoring programs for subarctic anurans.

Thinking honeyeater: nectar maps for the Northern Territory, Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Z. Woinarski ◽  
Greg Connors ◽  
Don C. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Northern Territory ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
The Times ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Nectar Availability

We create monthly maps of nectar availability for the 1.4 x 106 km2 jurisdiction of the Northern Territory, Australia. These are based on a combination of vegetation mapping and a series of indices of plant species specific nectar scoring. The maps reveal complex spatial and temporal variation in nectar availability, but most notably a greater nectar resource in the monsoon-influenced north than in the arid south, and a peak in nectar availability in the dry season. The latter is associated with the extensive tropical eucalypt forests (especially those co-dominated by Eucalyptus miniata and E. tetrodonta). In contrast, wet season nectar availability in these forests is limited, but riparian and swampland forests, typically dominated by Melaleuca species, provide rich but spatially restricted nectar resources. The extensive and rich nectar resources available in eucalypt forests in the dry season supplement the diets of many species which are not primarily nectarivorous. This resource helps shape the singularity of northern Australian eucalypt forests relative to other extensive forests elsewhere in the world. Nectarivores remain in the system through a combination of movements across a number of scales, habitat shifting, and diet shifting. The latter is aided by the peaking of invertebrate and fruit resources at the times of minimum nectar production; a shuffling in resource availability brought about by the extreme climatic seasonality.

scholarly journals Species specific growth responses of black spruce and trembling aspen may enhance resilience of boreal forest to climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Drobyshev ◽  
Sylvie Gewehr ◽  
Frank Berninger ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Patterns of fish utilisation in a tropical Indo-Pacific mangrove-coral seascape, New Caledonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dubuc ◽  
N. Waltham ◽  
R. Baker ◽  
C. Marchand ◽  
M. Sheaves
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Main Component

AbstractMangrove forests are important habitats for fish. However, their utilisation by fish, and the specific values they confer, are still not fully understood. This study describes how fish use mangrove forests in an Indo-Pacific mangrove-coral reef seascape. Sampling was conducted using underwater video cameras (UVCs) to describe spatial and temporal variations in fish assemblages across a small-scale (~ 2.5 km2) system, and over the tidal and lunar cycle. UVCs were deployed in the two main component habitats of mangrove forests: at the mangrove forest edge, and inside the forest (5 m from the forest edge), to establish patterns of utilisation of fish across the tidal and lunar cycle. Proximity to coral reefs had a strong influence on the mangrove fish community, as most fish recorded were reef-associated. Juveniles of 12 reef species were observed, including two species classified as vulnerable on the IUCN list, and one endemic species. Fish assemblages on the mangrove edge differed significantly from those inside the forest. Most fish utilised the forest edge, with few species making regular use of in-forest habitats, supporting the contention that most fish species remain on the edge and potentially retreat into the forest for opportunistic feeding, or when threatened by larger predators. Species-specific patterns of utilisation varied across the tidal and lunar cycle. Small differences in depth profiles and substrate across the small-scale system had a significant effect on fish assemblages, highlighting the importance of accounting for spatial heterogeneity in these factors. These data provide important information for managers to implement adequate conservation strategies that include broader interconnected habitat mosaics.

Effects of chytrid fungus and a glyphosate-based herbicide on survival and growth of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2521-2529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. Gahl ◽  
Bruce D. Pauli ◽  
Jeff E. Houlahan
Keyword(s):  
Chytrid Fungus ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Lithobates Sylvaticus ◽  
Survival And Growth

Use of Olfactory Cues by Newly Metamorphosed Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) during Emigration

Copeia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel D. Popescu ◽  
Bekka S. Brodie ◽  
Malcolm L. Hunter ◽  
Joseph D. Zydlewski
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Lithobates Sylvaticus

Patterns of arthropod abundance, vegetation, and microclimate at boreal forest edge and interior in two landscapes: Implications for forest birds

Ecoscience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve L. Van Wilgenburg ◽  
Daniel F. Mazerolle ◽  
Keith A. Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Arthropod Abundance

Expression profiles of metamorphosis-related genes during natural transformations in tadpoles of wild Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laia Navarro-Martín ◽  
Chantal Lanctôt ◽  
Christopher Edge ◽  
Jeff Houlahan ◽  
Vance L. Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Lithobates Sylvaticus ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Numerous studies using laboratory-reared tadpoles have shown the importance of thyroid hormones (TH), thyroid receptors (TR), and deiodinase (Dio) enzymes during anuran metamorphosis. Our study focuses on the analysis of thyroid-related genes in tadpoles of wild Wood Frogs ( Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825); also known as Rana sylvatica (Cope, 1889)) during metamorphosis. Results showed that, in concordance with laboratory-reared studies, thyroid receptor beta (trb) gene expression profiles presented the most marked changes. At climax and compared with premetamorphic stages, brains, tails, and gonad–mesonephros complex (GMC) tissues increased trb expression levels 5-, 21-, and 41-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, gene expression levels of brain deiodinase type II and III showed opposite trends, where 3-fold decrease and 10-fold increase were, respectively, found. This finding supports the idea that thyroid hormone, as it has been demonstrated in laboratory-reared tadpoles, is also involved in natural metamorphosis in wild tadpoles. Interestingly, and contrary to our predictions, we observed that whole brain corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) and crf receptor 1 (crfr1) gene expression levels significantly decrease through metamorphosis in wild L. sylvaticus tadpoles. Further analyses are required to determine if a role of TH in the timing of anuran gonadal development exists, as well as the importance of cell-specific and tissue-specific expression of crf and crfr1 to metamorphosis.

scholarly journals Fat, weather, and date affect migratory songbirds’ departure decisions, routes, and time it takes to cross the Gulf of Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (46) ◽  
pp. E6331-E6338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill L. Deppe ◽  
Michael P. Ward ◽  
Rachel T. Bolus ◽  
Robert H. Diehl ◽  
Antonio Celis-Murillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Migratory Songbirds ◽  
Departure Decisions ◽  
Species Specific

Approximately two thirds of migratory songbirds in eastern North America negotiate the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), where inclement weather coupled with no refueling or resting opportunities can be lethal. However, decisions made when navigating such features and their consequences remain largely unknown due to technological limitations of tracking small animals over large areas. We used automated radio telemetry to track three songbird species (Red-eyed Vireo, Swainson’s Thrush, Wood Thrush) from coastal Alabama to the northern Yucatan Peninsula (YP) during fall migration. Detecting songbirds after crossing ∼1,000 km of open water allowed us to examine intrinsic (age, wing length, fat) and extrinsic (weather, date) variables shaping departure decisions, arrival at the YP, and crossing times. Large fat reserves and low humidity, indicative of beneficial synoptic weather patterns, favored southward departure across the Gulf. Individuals detected in the YP departed with large fat reserves and later in the fall with profitable winds, and flight durations (mean = 22.4 h) were positively related to wind profit. Age was not related to departure behavior, arrival, or travel time. However, vireos negotiated the GOM differently than thrushes, including different departure decisions, lower probability of detection in the YP, and longer crossing times. Defense of winter territories by thrushes but not vireos and species-specific foraging habits may explain the divergent migratory behaviors. Fat reserves appear extremely important to departure decisions and arrival in the YP. As habitat along the GOM is degraded, birds may be limited in their ability to acquire fat to cross the Gulf.

scholarly journals Postbreeding movement patterns and habitat use of adult Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) at urban wetlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-532
Author(s):  
Murdoch E.D. Taylor ◽  
Cynthia A. Paszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Wetlands ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Lithobates Sylvaticus ◽  
Aspen Parkland ◽  
Migratory Movements

Habitat loss and degradation linked to urbanization threaten amphibian populations globally, yet studies examining amphibian behaviour and habitat use in cities are rare. Through the use of radiotelemetry, we examined the postbreeding (May–October) movement behaviour and habitat use of adult Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825)) at natural and constructed urban wetlands in Edmonton, Alberta, located in the semiarid, aspen parkland of Canada. Movement from breeding wetlands was limited, with most tracked individuals remaining within 25 m of ponds in grassy riparian areas. Long-distance migratory movements were rare and only occurred at natural sites with relatively high proportions of forested land surrounding wetlands. In general, tracked frogs showed a preference for habitat close to water that provided shelter from desiccation and predation (e.g., unmowed grass and stands of shrubs). Our findings have implications for the management of wetlands and conservation of amphibian populations in urban environments.

scholarly journals TRANSMISSION OF BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS TO WOOD FROGS (LITHOBATES SYLVATICUS) VIA A BULLFROG (L. CATESBEIANUS) VECTOR

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha E. Greenspan ◽  
Aram J. K. Calhoun ◽  
Joyce E. Longcore ◽  
Michael G. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Lithobates Sylvaticus
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