scholarly journals Effects of acute stress on gene expression of splenic catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in chronically stressed rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Ljubica Gavrilovic ◽  
Vesna Stojiljkovic ◽  
Jelena Kasapovic ◽  
Snezana Pejic ◽  
Ana Todorovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

The aim of this study was to examine how acute immobilization stress affects the concentrations of catecholamines in the plasma and the expression of the splenic catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-?-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in chronically socially isolated rats. We found that acute immobilization increases the plasma catecholamine levels and splenic PNMT protein levels in chronically socially isolated rats. These results show that acute stress of chronically stressed animals activates the sympatho-adrenomedullary system and increases synthesis of splenic PNMT by 37%, both of which can modulate the immune function.

Regulation of the adrenomedullary catecholaminergic system after mild, acute stress

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. R212-R220 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Betito ◽  
J. B. Mitchell ◽  
S. Bhatnagar ◽  
P. Boksa ◽  
M. J. Meaney
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Catecholaminergic System ◽  
Neural Input

The time course of regulation of rat adrenomedullary phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was studied after a single episode of 20-min restraint stress. Significant increases in PNMT and TH activity were observed 18 h after the beginning of the stress. The time course of acute stress-induced regulation of PNMT and TH was examined for the influence of neural and hormonal input. Unilateral denervation was performed, and the animals were exposed to a single episode of restraint. PNMT activity increased similarly in both the innervated and denervated adrenals, with a significant increase observed at 36 h after the stress. TH activity was similar in both denervated and innervated adrenals, with a significant increase observed at 24 and 36 h after stress. Finally, suppression of endogenous corticosterone with dexamethasone delayed the stress-induced increase in activity of PNMT but not TH. The present study indicates that increases in catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes can be observed after a single episode of mild, acute stress. In addition, glucocorticoids appear to be important in the time course of the stress-induced increase in PNMT but not TH activity, whereas neural input does not seem to affect the time course of these increases.

scholarly journals Urocortin 2 Lowers Blood Pressure and Reduces Plasma Catecholamine Levels in Mice with Hyperadrenergic Activity

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (10) ◽  
pp. 4820-4829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusu Gu ◽  
Kuixing Zhang ◽  
Nilima Biswas ◽  
Ryan S. Friese ◽  
Dennis H. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Catecholamine Secretion ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Catecholamine Synthesis ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

Exaggerated adrenergic activity is associated with human hypertension. The peptide urocortin 2 (Ucn 2) inhibits catecholamine synthesis and secretion from adrenal chromaffin cells in vitro and administration to mammals lowers blood pressure (BP). The chromogranin A-null mouse (Chga−/−) manifests systemic hypertension because of excessive catecholamine secretion from the adrenal and decreased catecholamine storage. In the present study, we investigated whether systemic administration of Ucn 2 could reduce BP and adrenal and plasma levels of catecholamines in vivo. Ucn 2 peptide was administered to freely moving, conscious Chga−/− and wild-type control mice. Telemetry and HPLC measured changes in BP and catecholamine levels, respectively. In both groups of mice, Ucn 2 dose-dependently decreased BP, and this effect was mediated by corticotropin factor-receptor type 2. However, in Chga−/− mice, the maximal percentage decrease of systolic BP from basal systolic BP was 37% compared with only a 23% reduction in wild-type mice (P = 0.04). In Chga−/− mice only, Ucn 2 decreased adrenal and plasma levels of catecholamines as well as adrenal levels of tyrosine hydroxylase protein and phosphorylation. In vitro mechanistic studies demonstrated that Ucn 2 reduces both catecholamine secretion and tyrosine hydroxylase promoter activity, suggesting that the exaggerated action of Ucn 2 to reduce BP in the Chga−/− mouse is mediated through inhibition of both catecholamine synthesis and secretion. The data suggest that Ucn 2 may be therapeutically useful in regulating the exaggerated sympathoadrenal function of hyperadrenergic hypertension.

scholarly journals Treadmill exercise does not change gene expression of adrenal catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in chronically stressed rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJUBICA GAVRILOVIC ◽  
VESNA STOJILJKOVIC ◽  
JELENA KASAPOVIC ◽  
NATASA POPOVIC ◽  
SNEZANA B. PAJOVIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stress Changes

ABSTRACT Chronic isolation of adult animals represents a form of psychological stress that produces sympatho-adrenomedullar activation. Exercise training acts as an important modulator of sympatho-adrenomedullary system. This study aimed to investigate physical exercise-related changes in gene expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-ß-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding (CREB) in the adrenal medulla, concentrations of catecholamines and corticosterone (CORT) in the plasma and the weight of adrenal glands of chronically psychosocially stressed adult rats exposed daily to 20 min treadmill running for 12 weeks. Also, we examined how additional acute immobilization stress changes the mentioned parameters. Treadmill running did not result in modulation of gene expression of catecholamine synthesizing enzymes and it decreased the level of CREB mRNA in the adrenal medulla of chronically psychosocially stressed adult rats. The potentially negative physiological adaptations after treadmill running were recorded as increased concentrations of catecholamines and decreased morning CORT concentration in the plasma, as well as the adrenal gland hypertrophy of chronically psychosocially stressed rats. The additional acute immobilization stress increases gene expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the adrenal medulla, as well as catecholamines and CORT levels in the plasma. Treadmill exercise does not change the activity of sympatho-adrenomedullary system of chronically psychosocially stressed rats.

Immobilization Stress-Induced Increase in Plasma Catecholamine Levels Is Inhibited by a Prolactoliberin (Salsolinol) Administration

2004 ◽  
Vol 1018 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
IBOLYA BODNAR ◽  
BORIS MRAVEC ◽  
LUCIA KUBOVCAKOVA ◽  
MARTON I.K. FEKETE ◽  
GYORGY M. NAGY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

scholarly journals Evaluation of potential tumor markers that may predict neoadjuvant treatment efficiency in rectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Demet Arslan ◽  
Ayse Kocak ◽  
Cengiz Aydın ◽  
Emel Ebru Pala ◽  
Dilek Oncel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Tumor Regression Grade ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Study Gene Expression ◽  
Regression Grade

AbstractObjectivesThe recurrence of rectal cancer or its resistance to neoadjuvant treatment develops due to the adaptation to hypoxia, apoptosis or autophagy. Survivin, one of the inhibitors of apoptosis; Beclin 1, which is a positive regulator in the autophagy pathway; and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9), which are associated with tumor tissue hypoxia, may be related to resistance to treatment. Our aim was to evaluate the potential tumor markers that may help to monitor the response to neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer (RC).MethodsTwenty-five patients with locally advanced RC were included in the study. Gene expression and protein levels of Beclin 1, Survivin, HIF-1α, and CA9 were analyzed in fresh tissue specimens and blood samples. The relationships of these markers to tumor staging and regression grade were evaluated.ResultsHigher blood CA9 gene expression levels and lower blood HIF-1α protein levels were found in the response group according to tumor regression grade. After neoadjuvant treatment, tissue Beclin 1 and blood Survivin gene expressions and tissue CA9, blood Beclin 1 and blood HIF-1α protein levels decreased significantly.ConclusionBeclin 1, Survivin, HIF-1α ve CA9 may help to predict the effects of the applied treatment approach.

scholarly journals Alterations of mesenchymal stromal cells in cerebrospinal fluid: insights from transcriptomics and an ALS clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Krull ◽  
Deborah O. Setter ◽  
Tania F. Gendron ◽  
Sybil C. L. Hrstka ◽  
Michael J. Polzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Intrathecal Space

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been studied with increasing intensity as clinicians and researchers strive to understand the ability of MSCs to modulate disease progression and promote tissue regeneration. As MSCs are used for diverse applications, it is important to appreciate how specific physiological environments may stimulate changes that alter the phenotype of the cells. One need for neuroregenerative applications is to characterize the spectrum of MSC responses to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) environment after their injection into the intrathecal space. Mechanistic understanding of cellular biology in response to the CSF environment may predict the ability of MSCs to promote injury repair or provide neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. Methods In this study, we characterized changes in morphology, metabolism, and gene expression occurring in human adipose-derived MSCs cultured in human (hCSF) or artificial CSF (aCSF) as well as examined relevant protein levels in the CSF of subjects treated with MSCs for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Results Our results demonstrated that, under intrathecal-like conditions, MSCs retained their morphology, though they became quiescent. Large-scale transcriptomic analysis of MSCs revealed a distinct gene expression profile for cells cultured in aCSF. The aCSF culture environment induced expression of genes related to angiogenesis and immunomodulation. In addition, MSCs in aCSF expressed genes encoding nutritional growth factors to expression levels at or above those of control cells. Furthermore, we observed a dose-dependent increase in growth factors and immunomodulatory cytokines in CSF from subjects with ALS treated intrathecally with autologous MSCs. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that MSCs injected into the intrathecal space in ongoing clinical trials remain viable and may provide a therapeutic benefit to patients.

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