scholarly journals One-step purification and freeze stability of papain at acidic pH values

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Srdjan Markovic ◽  
Jelica Milosevic ◽  
Milica Djuric ◽  
Aleksandar Lolic ◽  
Natalija Polovic
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Native Structure ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽  
One Step ◽  
Papaya Latex ◽  
Structure And Activity

Papain is a proteolytic enzyme of great commercial value. It is a cysteine protease highly expressed in Carica papaya fruit latex, but also present in papaya leaves. Purification procedures mostly deal with the latex and include a combination of precipitation and/or chromatographic techniques. Due to its solubility, structure and activity characteristics, the pH and salt content play significant roles in handling papain extracts. Here we report a simple, rapid and easily scalable procedure for papain purification from papaya leaves, which contain different contaminants as compared to papaya latex. Sodium chloride precipitation of contaminants at pH 5 followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation resulted in the removal of other leaf proteins and protein fragments from papain solution and about a 3-fold purification. The procedure also benefits from the suppression of autoproteolysis and preservation of the native structure, as confirmed by FTIR analysis, and the high recovery of activity of over 80%.

scholarly journals Biotechnological application of biological yeast's invertase

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Nikoluk Scachetti ◽  
Ljubica Tasic ◽  
Stephanie Fernanda Fulaz Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Biotechnological Application ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Structure And Activity

Alarming numbers gathered by diabetes in the recent years motivated our project with the aim to capture and remove naturally occuring sucrose from fruit juices using the immobilized invertase. The structure and activity of the enzyme was evaluated at different pH values, and solutions with pH 3.0 and 4.8 were chosen to test the sucrose capture and removal. At the end, a removal of approximately 4% of the total sucrose per cycle was achieved.

scholarly journals Hydrolytic properties of Carica papaya latex and latex preparations

1937 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1926-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Frankel ◽  
Regina Maimin ◽  
Benjamin Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Papaya Latex ◽  
Carica Papaya Latex

Multiple Forms of 1,4- β -Glucanase in Ripening Tomato Fruits Include a Xyloglucanase Activatable by Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Maclachlan ◽  
C Brady
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Specific Activities

Extracts of ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. var. Sunny) were tested for their capacity to hydrolyse carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and seed xyloglucan (XG) at different pH values in the presence or absence of seed XG oligosaccharide subunits (7 to 9 sugar residues). CMC-ase activities were most active at pH 5 and 7 in locule extracts, whereas XG-ase activity was most active in the presence of XG oligosaccharides at pH 6 in pericarp extracts. The cation exchange FPLC column, Mono S, separated three zones of CMC-ase activity in pericarp extracts. One zone was most active at pH 5, and two at pH 7. The three CMC-ases had some XG-ase activity in the presence of oligosaccharide but, in addition, there were two regions of the eluate with XG-ase but no CMC-ase activity. The presence of XG-ase activity, separate from CMC-ases, was also observed after hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and in protein precipitated by lowering the salt content of extracts. During ripening, the CMC-ases and the oligosaccharide-activated XG-ases in pericarp extracts increased in total and specific activities, while endogenous XG-ase activity, that is in the absence of XG oligosaccharides, remained unchanged or declined. It is concluded that multiple, 1,4-β-glucanase activities develop in ripening tomato fruit, including, in pericarp tissue, a specific XG-ase which is latent and activated by XG oligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Purification of papain from fresh latex of Carica papaya

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Monti ◽  
Carmelita A. Basilio ◽  
Henrique C. Trevisan ◽  
Jonas Contiero
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Single Band ◽  
Enzymatic Assays ◽  
Papaya Latex ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Natural Inhibitors

In the present study we wish to report a method of crystallizing papain from fresh papaya latex which gave higher yields than previously reported. This method does not involve the use of sulphydryl reagents. The papain thus obtained is practically pure and shows a single band when submitted to electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, and is identical to the papain obtained by other methods. In routine enzymatic assays, specific activity was measured using Z-gly-pNP and BAEE as substrates. Papain crystallized by this method, without the use of high concentrations of salts or thiol-containing substances such as cysteine and dithiothreitol, is obtained in the form of a complex with natural inhibitors existent in latex which can be removed by dialysis.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Treatment of a Wastewater Collector Loaded with Metals and Suspension Material by The Solution of Raw Carica papaya Latex

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Togbe Finagnon Crépin Alexis ◽  
Yete Pélagie ◽  
Yovo Franck ◽  
Wotto Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Papaya Latex ◽  
Carica Papaya Latex

The papaya (Carica papaya), of the family Caricaceae, is a tree-like tropical plant, native to Central and South America. Papaya cultivation extends to all warm and humid countries. The present study consists in using the solution of raw Carica papaya latex (SLCP) cultivated in Benin as a natural biodegradable flocculant in a physico-chemical process to treat liquid discharges loaded with metals including iron, copper, zinc, and manganese; and suspended matter, and also to test its efficiency against other products commonly used in wastewater treatment. The tests were carried out on water samples from the wastewater collector that runs through the Agla district in Cotonou. The comparative study with a commonly used flocculant, aluminium sulphate, showed outstanding competitiveness with a high flocculation power for the solution of Carica papaya raw latex. In six water samples from the collector with average concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and manganese of 18.20 mg/L ; 2.50mg/L ; 3.80 mg/L and 3.70 mg/L respectively, the percentages of metal removal exceeded 90% for iron and manganese and around 85% for copper and zinc with the combination FeCl3 + SLCP. The NaOH + SLCP combination showed a very significant effect on the removal of metals (96% reduction) and suspended matter.

scholarly journals Conformational Intermediates and Fusion Activity of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 4567-4574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Korte ◽  
Kai Ludwig ◽  
Frank P. Booy ◽  
Robert Blumenthal ◽  
Andreas Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fusion Activity ◽  
Native Structure ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽  
High Resolution Structure ◽  
H3 Subtype ◽  
Resolution Structure

ABSTRACT Three strains of influenza virus (H1, H2, and H3) exhibited similar characteristics in the ability of their hemagglutinin (HA) to induce membrane fusion, but the HAs differed in their susceptibility to inactivation. The extent of inactivation depended on the pH of preincubation and was lowest for A/Japan (H2 subtype), in agreement with previous studies (A. Puri, F. Booy, R. W. Doms, J. M. White, and R. Blumenthal, J. Virol. 64:3824–3832, 1990). While significant inactivation of X31 (H3 subtype) was observed at 37°C at pH values corresponding to the maximum of fusion (about pH 5.0), no inactivation was seen at preincubation pH values 0.2 to 0.4 pH units higher. Surprisingly, low-pH preincubation under those conditions enhanced the fusion rates and extents of A/Japan as well as those of X31. For A/PR 8/34 (H1 subtype), neither a shift of the pH (to >5.0) nor a decrease of the temperature to 20°C was sufficient to prevent inactivation. We provide evidence that the activated HA is a conformational intermediate distinct from the native structure and from the final structure associated with the conformational change of HA, which is implicated by the high-resolution structure of the soluble trimeric fragment TBHA2 (P. A. Bullough, F. M. Hughson, J. J. Skehel, and D. C. Wiley, Nature 371:37–43, 1994).

scholarly journals Extraction Of Papaya Latex (Carica Papaya) With Dopping Cu As Dye Sentisized Solar Cell (DSSC)

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dian Wijaya Kurniawidi ◽  
Siti Alaa ◽  
Susi Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Papaya Latex

Indonesia is a biodiversity country. Abundance of biological resources may encourage researchers to optimize its use. As an example papaya trees are utilized as raw material for thin films. Sap of papaya latex is doppinged with Cu. This composition is depositioned on top of FTO by spin coating method. The addition of Cu dopping aims to control the rate of crystallinity of the material. This research will add Cu between 10% and 50% solution. Based on FTIR test results, flavonoid compounds might be obtained with O-H group, some aromatic rings C = C and C = O, aliphatic compounds C-H and -CO. Flavonoid compounds are potentially utilized as dye for DSSC. The thickness of dye produced by doping Cu 10% is approximately (0.5-2) μm. Furthermore, dopping Cu from 20% to 40% can produce thickness around 10-50 nm. Meanwhile, the results of the XRD test show an effective Cu between 10% to 40%.

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