Utilization of Carica papaya latex on coating of SPIONs for dye removal and drug delivery

Latex, a milky substance found in a variety of plants which is a natural source of biologically active compounds. In this study, Latex was collected from raw Carica papaya and was characterized using UV–Vis, FTIR and GC–MS analyses. Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized, coated with C. papaya latex (PL-Sp) and characterized using UV–Vis, FT-IR, SEM–EDX, XRD, VSM and Zeta potential analyses. SPIONs and latex coated SPIONs (PL-Sp) were used in batch adsorption study for effective removal of Methylene blue (MB) dye, where (PL-Sp) removed MB dye effectively. Further the PL-Sp was used to produce a nanoconjugate loaded with curcumin and it was characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM–EDX, XRD, VSM and Zeta potential. It showed a sustained drug release pattern and also found to have good antibacterial and anticancer activity.

Physico-Chemical Treatment of a Wastewater Collector Loaded with Metals and Suspension Material by The Solution of Raw Carica papaya Latex

The papaya (Carica papaya), of the family Caricaceae, is a tree-like tropical plant, native to Central and South America. Papaya cultivation extends to all warm and humid countries. The present study consists in using the solution of raw Carica papaya latex (SLCP) cultivated in Benin as a natural biodegradable flocculant in a physico-chemical process to treat liquid discharges loaded with metals including iron, copper, zinc, and manganese; and suspended matter, and also to test its efficiency against other products commonly used in wastewater treatment. The tests were carried out on water samples from the wastewater collector that runs through the Agla district in Cotonou. The comparative study with a commonly used flocculant, aluminium sulphate, showed outstanding competitiveness with a high flocculation power for the solution of Carica papaya raw latex. In six water samples from the collector with average concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and manganese of 18.20 mg/L ; 2.50mg/L ; 3.80 mg/L and 3.70 mg/L respectively, the percentages of metal removal exceeded 90% for iron and manganese and around 85% for copper and zinc with the combination FeCl3 + SLCP. The NaOH + SLCP combination showed a very significant effect on the removal of metals (96% reduction) and suspended matter.

PEMURNIAN PARSIAL DAN KRISTALISASI PAPAIN DARI GETAH Carica papaya

This research has done partial purification by fractionation and optimization crystallization of papain from Carica papaya latex with the addition of ammonium sulphate. The enhancement of purification factor was determined by its specific activity. The fractionation results show that papain fraction of Carica papaya can be obtained by adding 40-80% saturated ammonium sulphate, with the highest specific activity, i.e. 2,0819 U/µg and the factor purification increase of 6,27 fold than papain extract. Meanwhile, the highest total activity, i.e. 10,7780 U of papain crystals can be obtained by presipitant agent addition of ammonium sulphate in the level / concentration 80% saturated at 15 °C. Microscopycally papain crystals profile in this condition have cube and tetragonal shape.Key words: crystallization, fractionation, ammonium sulphate, papain

The isolation and characterization of lipase from Carica papaya latex using zwitterion sodium lauroyl sarcosinate as agent

Most of industrial lipases are derived from microbial sources, following by a wide variety of plants. Among plant lipases, lipase from Carica papaya latex has been the focus of intense and growing research due to low cost, easy acceptance by consumers and its unique characteristics. This enzyme has been successfully applied for lipid modification and synthesis of some organic compounds. However, research for its molecular structure has been limited due to the difficulty to isolate the enzyme from the latex matrix. In this study, we suggested a modified approach using sodium lauroyl sarcosinate to solubilize the latex, then the protein was precipitated by ammonium sulphate. We also carried out the characterization of the lipase obtained from Carica papaya latex. The results showed that freeze-drying the fresh latex could improve significantly lipase activity of latex powder in comparison with sun-drying or oven-drying. The zwitterion sodium lauroyl sarcosinate could solubilize nearly 50% of the latex and the achieved supernatant exhibited great lipase activity. There was no need to use an organic solvent to delipidate the latex prior to solubilization with sodium lauroyl sarcosinate due to possible denaturation of enzymes. The proteins which were fractionally precipitated with 50 – 60%, 60 – 70% and 70 – 80% ammonium sulphate saturation showed lipolytic activity. The fraction from 50 – 60% saturation with the greatest mass was subjected to ion exchange chromatography, SDS electrophoresis and kinetic parameter determination. The results showed the presence of two proteins with molecular mass ranging from 35 kDa to 55 kDa and both presented lipase activity. The Km and Vmax of the lipase fraction from 50 – 60% saturation was 1.12 mM and 1.2 x 10-6 mM.min-1.mL-1 respectively. So, the freeze-drying of papaya latex could help to preserve its lipase activity and the usage of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate could improve the isolation of the lipase from the papaya latex and pave the way for research on the molecular structure of Carica papaya latex lipases.

Preparation of cottage cheese from buffalo milk with different levels of papaya latex

The study was conducted to standardize the desire level of papaya (Carica papaya) latex on quality of cottage cheese prepared from buffalo milk. Cheese sample was prepared using whole milk collected from Lal Teer Livestock Development (BD) Ltd. Dairy farm. This experiment was conducted on five treatments named as sample BC2: buffalo control; A2: 5 drops (0.16g); B2: 6 drops (0.18g); C2: 7 drops (0.21g); and D2:8 drop (0.24g). Overall score of cheese samples, B2 was highest (91.67±0.58) and A2 was lowest (77.67±9.29). Chemical analysis showed that, highest protein value 24.00±1.00 was found in B2 and lowest value 21.00±1.00 was in C2. On the other hand C2 content the maximum fat percent18.00±1.00 and A2 content the minimum fat percent 12.00±1.00. Results indicate that carbohydrate, ash and acidity have significant differences (p<0.01) but non-significant difference was found in total solids and moisture. Cheese from buffalo milk on coagulation time significantly different (p<0.01) but non-significant differences was found in yield.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (2): 128-133

Synergistic effect of the combination of Cinnamomum burmanii, vigna unguiculata, and papain exracts derived from carica papaya latex against C. albicans biofilms degradation

Background: Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection commonly occurs on host with immunodeficiency, organ transplantation, leukopenia, or radiation therapy. Biofilms are structures that protect C. albicans from antifungals treatments. C. albicans biofilms display multidrug resistance to antifungal agents. Purpose: This study aimed to know whether the combination of Cinnamomum burmannii, Vigna unguiculata, and Papain extracts derived from Carica papaya latex has inadequate inhibitory effects against C.albicans biofilms compared to the combination of Cinnamomum burmannii and Vigna unguiculata extracts. Method: C. albicans. growing on SDA were dissolved in 1 McFarland of sterile aquadest. Micro-plate was filled with 180 µL of SDB, glucose 8%, and 20 µL of C. albicans. Suspension was incubated at 37oC overnight. Extracts were added and incubated for 24 hours. Then, each well was washed with distilled water, and stained with crystal violet 0.1% for 15 minutes. Afterward, each well was washed with distilled water and immediately stained with acetic acid. After 15 minutes of staining, the suspension was transferred to a new well, then measured with micro-plate reader at 595 nm. Results: The combination of Cinnamomum burmanii and Vigna unguiculata extracts had adequate inhibitory effects which is equal to 60.75%. Inhibition increased to 72.09%, 79.06%, and 79.50% after Papain derived from Carica papaya latex was added on concentrations of 138 mg/mL, 276 mg/mL, and 552 mg/mL. Conclusion: The combination of Cinnamomum burmanii (0.25µg/mL), Vigna unguiculata (200 µg/mL), and Papain (276 µg/mL) extracts showed an optimum synergic inhibition for C. albicans biofilms.