Chemical composition of essential oils of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) flowers and fruits

The majority of essential oils obtained from medicinal plants have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of different kinds of diseases, and they are increasingly used in the diet. Due to their chemical composition, essential oils are a very interesting product of the secondary metabolism of plants, for both consumers and researchers. Among others, elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is mostly a woody plant, while it can rarely be found as a herbaceous perennial plant. This plant species has been used in traditional medicine because it is a very rich source of phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the composition of essential oils obtained from flowers and fruits of this plant, collected from the Balkan Peninsula. The oils were obtained using the Clevenger apparatus, and their composition was evaluated by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil composition was affected by the part of the plants used: the most abundant bioactive compounds in the essential oil of air-dried elderberry fruits were ?-damascenone (35.70%) and linalyl anthranilate (24.15%). ?-damascenone was the dominant compound in the essential oil of lyophilized elderberry fruits (38.64%), while linalool was detected in the concentration of 32.80%. In the essential oil of air-dried elderflowers, the most abundant compound was carane (13.19%). The essential oils of S. nigra shown substantial chemical composition and could be used as a potential source of natural products in the cosmetics and food industry.

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Essential Oil Composition ofPinus peuceGriseb. Needles and Twigs from Two National Parks of Kosovo

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2016/5393079 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Avni Hajdari ◽

Behxhet Mustafa ◽

Dashnor Nebija ◽

Hyrmete Selimi ◽

Zeqir Veselaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

National Park ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Geographical Variations

The principal aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and qualitative and quantitative variability of essential oils obtained from seven naturally grown populations of thePinus peuceGrisebach, Pinaceae in Kosovo. Plant materials were collected from three populations in the Sharri National Park and from four other populations in the Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park, in Kosovo. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-FID (Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The results showed that the yield of essential oils (v/wdry weight) varied depending on the origin of population and the plant organs and ranged from 0.7 to 3.3%. In total, 51 compounds were identified. The main compounds wereα-pinene (needles: 21.6–34.9%; twigs: 11.0–24%),β-phellandrene (needles: 4.1–27.7; twigs: 29.0–49.8%), andβ-pinene (needles: 10.0–16.1; twigs: 6.9–20.7%). HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) and PCA (Principal Component Analyses) were used to assess geographical variations in essential oil composition. Statistical analysis showed that the analyzed populations are grouped in three main clusters which seem to reflect microclimatic conditions on the chemical composition of the essential oils.

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Essential oil composition of three Cryptocarya species from Malaysia

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2020-0079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (7-8) ◽

pp. 297-301

Author(s):

Muhammad Ammar Mohd Azhar ◽

Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh ◽

Shamsul Khamis

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Total Oil

AbstractCryptocarya species are mainly distributed in Africa, Asia, Australia and South America, widely used in traditional medicines for the treatment of skin infections and diarrhea. The present investigation reports on the extraction by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition of three Cryptocarya species (Cryptocarya impressa, Cryptocarya infectoria, and Cryptocarya rugulosa) essential oils from Malaysia. The chemical composition of these essential oils was fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 51 components were identified in C. impressa, C. infectoria, and C. rugulosa essential oils representing 91.6, 91.4, and 83.0% of the total oil, respectively. The high percentages of α-cadinol (40.7%) and 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (13.4%) were found in C. impressa oil. β-Caryophyllene (25.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (15.2%) were predominate in C. infectoria oil. While in C. rugulosa oil, bicyclogermacrene (15.6%), δ-cadinene (13.8%), and α-copaene (12.3%) were predominate. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the essential oil composition of these three species.

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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/804658 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Kamel Msaada ◽

Nidhal Salem ◽

Olfa Bachrouch ◽

Slim Bousselmi ◽

Sonia Tammar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variability of wormwood extracts as affected by the growing region. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. The essential oil composition variability ofA. absinthiumL. aerial parts collected from four different Tunisian regions was assessed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and essential oils were undertaken. Chromatographic analysis of wormwood essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by chamazulene. RP-HPLC analysis of wormwood methanolic extract revealed the predominance of phenolic acids. Antiradical activity was region-dependant and the methanolic extract of Bou Salem region has the strongest activity (CI50=9.38±0.82 µg/mL). Concerning the reducing power, the methanolic extract of Bou Salem, Jérissa, and Boukornine regions was more active than the positive control. Obtained results of antimicrobial activities showed that wormwood essential oil is endowed with important antibacterial activity which was strongly related to the organoleptic quality of oil which appeared strongly region-dependant.A. absinthiumL. EOs investigated are quite interesting from a pharmaceutical standpoint because of their biological activities.

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Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Thymus serpyllum Essential Oils

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4329899 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 432-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aneta WESOŁOWSKA ◽

Monika GRZESZCZUK ◽

Dorota JADCZAK ◽

Paweł NAWROTEK ◽

Magdalena STRUK

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

E Coli ◽

Thymus Serpyllum ◽

Main Components ◽

Total Oil

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum and Thymus serpyllum‘Aureus’ has been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty-seven compounds (99.67% of the total oil) wereidentified in the essential oil of T. serpyllum. The main components found in the oil were carvacrol (37.49%), -terpinene (10.79%), -caryophyllene (6.51%), p-cymene (6.06%), (E)--ocimene (4.63%) and -bisabolene (4.51%). Similarly, carvacrol (44.93%), -terpinene(10.08%), p-cymene (7.39%) and -caryophyllene (6.77%) dominated in the oil of T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’. A total of forty three compounds wereidentified in this oil, representing 99.49% of the total oil content. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the content of 1-octen-3-ol,eucalyptol, (Z)--ocimene, (E)--ocimene, -terpinene, carvacrol methyl ether, germacrene D and -bisabolene was significantly higher for T.serpyllum while T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’ was characterized by a significantly higher content of 3-octanone, 3-octanol, p-cymene, borneol andcarvacrol. The isolated essential oils were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against nine reference strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Proteus vulgaris and Candidaalbicans) by the microdilution technique. Based on this test, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of essential oil were calculated. Thevolatile oil obtained from T. serpyllum showed the highest antimicrobial activity relative to the strain of E. coli (MIC=0.025 μL/mL) and to theyeast C. albicans (MIC=0.05 μL/mL). Similarly, a significant antimicrobial activity exhibited T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’ essential oil, although the MICvalues obtained in that case for E. coli and C. albicans strains were twice as high and were respectively 0.05 μL/mL and 0.1 μL/mL.

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Variation of essential oil composition of fruits of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. et Perr (Rutaceae) from different sample locations and during their maturation period

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v14i2.25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 626-637

Author(s):

Yoro Tine ◽

Alioune Diallo ◽

William Diatta ◽

Idrissa Ndoye ◽

Rokhya Sylla Guèye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Volatile Composition ◽

Maturation Period ◽

Chemical Variability

The fruits of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr. (Rutaceae) are traditionally used in Africa, particularly in Cameroon, as a spice and in the treatment of sickle cell anaemia. The objective of this study was to investigate the fruit essential oils from different sample locations and during their maturation period by using GC and GC-MS. Except for one sample collected in Aniak which consisted mainly of oxygenated monoterpenes, the volatile composition of Z. leprieurii fruits exhibited relative high amounts of monoterpene hydrocarbons (61.1-90.9%) such as (E)-β-ocimene (13.4-75.2%) and a-pinene (1.1-40.7%). The influence of the maturity stage on the chemical composition of the essential oils has resulted in an increase of oil yield and variations in the content of volatile compounds (a-pinene 13.3-75.6; (E)-β-ocimene 2.9-64.0%). Keywords: Senegal, Zanthoxylum leprieurii fruits, essential oil, chemical variability, stage of maturity and GC-MS.

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Effect of the Chemical Composition of Free-Terpene Hydrocarbons Essential Oils on Antifungal Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24193532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (19) ◽

pp. 3532

Author(s):

Ben Salha ◽

Herrera Díaz ◽

Lengliz ◽

Abderrabba ◽

Labidi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

Oxygenated Compounds ◽

Food Spoilage Fungi

In this study, Carum carvi L. essential oil (CEO) and Origanum majorana L. essential oil (MEO) was steam-distillated under reduced pressure. We henceforth obtained three fractions for each essential oil: CF1, CF2, CF3, MF1, MF2, and MF3. Then, these fractions were characterized using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results indicated that some fractions were rich in oxygenated compounds (i.e., CF2, CF3, MF2, and MF3) with concentrations ranging from 79.21% to 98.56%. Therefore, the influence of the chemical composition of the essential oils on their antifungal activity was studied. For this purpose, three food spoilage fungi were isolated, identified, and inoculated in vitro, in order to measure the antifungal activity of CEO, MEO, and their fractions. The results showed that stronger fungi growth inhibitions (FGI) (above 95%) were found in fractions with higher percentages of oxygenated compounds, especially with (−)-carvone and terpin-4-ol as the major components. Firstly, this work reveals that the free-terpenes hydrocarbons fractions obtained from MEO present higher antifungal activity than the raw essential oil against two families of fungi. Then, it suggests that the isolation of (−)-carvone (97.15 ± 5.97%) from CEO via vacuum distillation can be employed successfully to improve antifungal activity by killing fungi (FGI = 100%). This study highlights that separation under reduced pressure is a simple green method to obtain fractions or to isolate compounds with higher biological activity useful for pharmaceutical products or natural additives in formulations.

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Essential oil Composition of Ficus Benjamina (Moraceae)and Irvingia Barteri (Irvingiaceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200701233 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽

Razaq Jimoh ◽

Adedoyin A. Ajetunmobi ◽

Nudewhenu O. Avoseh ◽

Guido Flamini

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Ficus Benjamina ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of two Nigerian species were analyzed for their constituents by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaf oil of Ficus benjamina L. (Moraceae), collected during the day, contained high contents of α-pinene (13.9%), abietadiene (9.7%), cis-α-bisabolene (8.2%) and germacrene-D-4-ol (8.4%), while the night sample was dominated by germacrene-D-4-ol (31.5%), 1,10-di- epi-cubenol (8.8%) and hexahydrofarnesylacetone (8.3%). This could be a possible indication of differences in emissions of volatiles by F. benjamina during the day and night. The main compounds of Irvingia barteri Hook. f. (Irvingiaceae) were β-caryophyllene (17.0%), (E)-α-ionone (10.0%), geranial (7.6%), (E)-β-ionone (6.6%) and β-gurjunene (5.1%).

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Essential Oil Composition of Three Species of Thymus Growing Wild in Mazandaran, Iran

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2016-0019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 107-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Ghelichnia

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Geranyl Acetate ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Oil Composition

Abstract The genus Thymus has a wide distributional range and chemical composition of the essential oils varies with geographical location of collection site, climate and other ecological factors. The essential oils of the aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty seven components were characterized in the essential oil of T. fedtschenkoi. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (69.04%), thymol (5.95%), borneol (5.21%), p-cymene (4.20%), bornyl acetate (2.97%) and 1,8- cineole (2.72%). Twenty two components were characterized in the essential oil of T. trauveterri. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (54.02%), thymol (9.29%), borneol (3.51%), p-cymene (18.64%) and γ- terpinene (2.97%). Twenty six components were characterized in the essential oil of T. pubescens. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (13.85%), α-terpineol (11.49%), thymol (10%), geraniol (9.48%), α-pinene (8.52%), p-cymene (7.66%), camphor (4.66%), γ-terpinene (3.15%) and myrcene (2.22%). Twenty four components were characterized in the essential oil of T. fallax. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (41.84%), p-cymene (12.18%), α-terpineol (11.49%), thymol (10%), γ-terpinene (8.68%), borneol (5.11%), geraniol (4.35%) and geranyl acetate (2.16%).

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INFLUENCE OF HARVESTING TIME ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ABIES KOREANA TWIGS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.15056 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Min Seo ◽

Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan ◽

Songmun Kim

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Harvesting Time ◽

Abies Koreana ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Objective: In the present study, the influence of harvesting time (April, June, August and October 2015) on the essential oil composition of Abies koreana twigs from Korea was investigated.Methods: The essential oil from the twigs of A. koreana was isolated by steam distillation and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: The essential oil yield was found to vary from 0.76 to 1.20% depending on the month of harvesting. The GC-MS analysis revealed the identification of 26 different essential oil components from the twigs harvested in the months of April, June, August and October, which were mostly monoterpene hydrocarbons (57.63–72.38%) followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (18.82–25.96%). Harvesting time mainly influenced on the concentration of the major components of the essential oil from the twigs of A. koreana. Limonene (17.38–31.13%), bornyl acetate (13.22–21.17%), camphene (12.56–13.26%), α-pinene (11.05–13.02%), β-pinene (4.55–5.70%), 3-carene (5.21–6.43%) and β-eudesmol (1.49–8.24%) were detected as the major components in the essential oil.Conclusion: The main differences between the essential oil compositions of four different months can be referred to limonene and bornyl acetate. The results showed considerable variations in the composition of essential oil, particularly quantitative variation during different harvesting months.

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Essential Oil Composition of Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia) cultivated in Bismil-Turkey

Academic Perspective Procedia ◽

10.33793/acperpro.01.01.179 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1120-1125

Author(s):

Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Linalyl Acetate ◽

Stem Leaf ◽

Different Parts

The goal of this study was to investigate the essential oil compositions of different parts (stem, leaf, flower and mixture) of Lavandula x intermedia in Bismil-Diyarbakır,Turkey. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh Lavandin samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results indicate the major components of the studied parts of lavandin was; linalool (24.97-2.52-43.86-39.43 %), linalyl acetate (3.,4-0.29-9.37-15.76 %), eucalyptol (33.81-43.81-18.47-12.08 %), camphor (13.12-15.91-8.72-9.21 %), endo-borneol (2.03-5.18-0.68-1.24 %) and alpha-terpineol (2.84-2.47-1.28-3.86 %) in essential oils of stem, leaf, flower and mixture parts of fresh lavandin respectively. It was understood that linalool and linalyl acetate level were the highest in flower and mix parts while eucalyptol, camphor and endo-borneol levels were the highest in stem and leaf parts of the plant.

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