scholarly journals Phenotypic and genetic correlations of milk and type traits of Holstein-Friesian bull dams

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. Pantelic ◽  
D. Niksic ◽  
D. Ostojic-Andric ◽  
Z. Novakovic ◽  
D. Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Suspensory Ligament ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits

The study of the production capacities of cattleaimed at increase of the capacity of cattle to produce milk, milk fat and calves, greatly depends on pehotypic and genetic variability, heritability and correlation between preferable traits, as well as level of production in the population. Objective of the study was to calculate the variability, phenotypic and genetic correlation of milk and type traits by applying the method of linear scoring of cows in the nucleus herd of Holstein-Friesian bull dams and also to determine their significance in cattle selection. For all studied traits, main variation-statistical parameters were calculated by applying method of least squares: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, variation coefficient, standard error and variation interval. Negative phenotypic correlations between production of milk and type traits ranged from -0.12 (rear leg set, side view) to -0.01 (rump height and body depth) and positive from 0.03 (rear teat placement) to 0.23 (suspensory ligament). Phenotypic correlations between milk fat percentage and type traits varied in the range from -0.08 (fore teat placement) to 0.14 (rump height). Negative genetic correlations between milk production and type traits ranged from -0.11 (rear udder height) to -0.01 (rump width and dairy form), and positive from 0.03 (rear legs set, rear view) to 0.23 (suspensory ligament). Genetic correlations between the percentage of milk fat and type traits ranged from -0.15 (pelvic position) to 0.18 (rump height). Information about phenotypic and genetic correlations between milk and type traits can be of multiple significance in cow selection since it offers possibility to select heads of cattle for multiple traits at the same time.

Genetic and phenotypic correlations between linear type traits and production traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brotherstone
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations

AbstractFirst lactation production and linear type records of 72 559Holstein-Friesian cows, calving from 1982 to 1989, were analysed by multivariate restricted maximum likelihood, using a sire model. The data comprised offspring of 1066 randomly used sires, and 91 proven i.e. widely used bulls. All phenotypic correlations between the type traits and the yield traits were small, but moderate genetic correlations were obtained between milk, fat and protein yield and angularity (~—0·43) and between the yield traits and udder depth (~0·44), indicating that higher yielding heifers are more angular and have deeper udders. The heritabilities of the type traits were in line with previous analyses, but those for milk, fat and protein yield were rather high at 0·47, 0·52 and 0·45 respectively

scholarly journals Variability and heritability of type traits of Holstein-Friesian bull dams

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pantelic ◽  
D. Niksic ◽  
S. Trivunovic
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Suspensory Ligament ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Variation Range ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

Objective of this study was to calculate the variability and heritability of type traits in the nucleus herd of bull dams by using the linear method of evaluation, and to determine their importance in selection of cattle. Study included 127 Holstein-Friesian cows selected as bull dams on cattle farms of PKB Korporacija, Belgrade. By applying the Least square method, main variationstatistical parameters were calculated: arithmeitc mean, standard deviation, variation coefficient, standard error and variation range. Bull dams of Holstein- Friesian breed had average milk production of 10245.98 kg, with variation range from 6514 kg to 13251 kg. Average milk fat yield was 361.95 kg, and milk fat content 3,53%. Average values for type scores of Holstein-Friesian bull dams were: rump height 5.40, chest width 7.09, body depth 7.38, rump position 5.39, rump width 6.55, dairy form 7.35, rear legs set (rear view) 5.22, rear legs set (side view) 5.28, hoof angle 5.27, fore udder 6.65, front teats placement 5.43, teat length 4.76, udder depth 6.96, rear udder height 7.13, suspensory ligament 7.08 and rear teats placement 5.89. Also, heritability coefficients and errors were calculated for all milk and type traits. Type and body development scores are very important indicators of production ability of cows, their potential to consume sufficient quantities of food, produce high quality milk from the technological aspect, reduce the use of energy in production and remain as long as possible in exploitation.

Genetic parameters and evaluations for somatic cell counts and its relationship with production and type traits in some dairy breeds in the United Kingdom

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Mrode ◽  
G. J. T. Swanson ◽  
M. S. Winters
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

AbstractSomatic cell count (SCO data collected on individual cows since 1991 were obtained from National Milk Records. Following validation genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated from the lactation average SCCfor 63 424 Holstein/Friesian (HOD, 7966 Ayrshire (AYR) and 14 509 Jersey (JER) animals. The first three lactations were included in the analyses. The heritabilities (h2) for first lactation log SCC (LSCC) were 0·11 (s.e. 0·01), 0·12 (s.e. 0·02) and 0·09 (s.e. 0·03) for the HOL, JER and AYR breeds respectively. Estimates for herd sire interaction (c2) effects ranged from 0·01 to 0·02. Analysis of the first three lactations with a repeatability model produced similar h2 and c2 estimates. Permanent environment estimates ranged from 0·21 to 0·25. Heritabilities of individual test day LSCC ranged from 0·04 (s.e. 0·02) to 0·10 (s.e. 0·03). Genetic correlations between SCC and milk, fat and protein yield for the HOL breed were 0·06 (s.e. 0·05), 0·14 (s.e. 0·06) and 0·09 (s.e. 0·06) respectively. Genetic evaluations were obtained for 666 595 and 9136 animals for Holsteins and Ayrshires, providing evaluations on 13 525 and 1713 bulls respectively in each breed. The range of LSCC predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) was ±25% although the proportion of bulls with reliability > 0·50 was low at 0·17 and 0-05 for HOL and AYR respectively. The correlations between the LSCC PTAs for HOL bulls with at least 50 daughters and their genetic evaluations for linear type were essentially zero for body and some udder traits. Significant negative correlations were obtained for a number of traits including foot angle (0·14), fore-udder attachment (0·19) and udder depth (0·19) and a positive correlation for teat length (0·15). SCC evaluations will be implemented by the Animal Data Centre. Reliabilities will be lower than production because of the lower h2 for SCC and the lower progeny group size since only 0·80 of recorded cows have SCC records.

Dairy herd life in relation to linear type traits and production 1. Phenotypic and genetic analyses in pedigree type classified herds

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brotherstone ◽  
W. G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Total Type

AbstractThe relation between survival to complete lactations 2, 3 and 4 and both linear type and production traits of pedigree Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle in the United Kingdom was analysed. There were records on 23 071 pedigree animals which were themselves type classified as heifers. The linear and quadratic phenotypic regressions of survival on most type traits were significant, even with yield fitted as a covariate. Phenotypic regressions of survival on milk, fat and protein yield were significantly positive, but that on protein content significantly negative. Phenotypic correlations with survival were under 0·1 for the linear traits, 0·16 for a subjective total type score, and 0·14 for milk yield. Genetic correlations between survival and type traits, estimated by multivariate restricted maximum likelihood, were as high as 0·4 for several traits of the udder and teats and for total score, and higher than for milk yield or composition. Regressions of survival on estimated sire transmitting abilities gave rather lower estimates of genetic correlations, except for total score. The results indicate that in these pedigree and classifying herds the total score is a culling criterion in its own right.

scholarly journals Phenotypic characteristics of linear traits of udder and angularity in Holstein-Friesian cows and their correlation with milk yield traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
Radica Djedovic ◽  
Vladan Bogdanovic ◽  
Dragan Stanojevic ◽  
Hasan Ismael ◽  
Dobrila Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Important Trait

Data set including 10860 primiparous Holstein-Friesian breed cows first calved in the period from 2011 to 2015, was used in determining phenotypic variability and correlation between the traits of milk yield and linearly estimated traits of udder and angularity. The average values obtained for type traits (angularity, fore udder attachment, front teats placement, teats length, udder depth and rear udder height) were 6.47; 5.74; 4.96; 5.20; 5.99 and 6.25, respectively. The values obtained for phenotypic correlations between linear type traits and traits of milk yield ranged from -0.042 (udder depth and milk yield) to 0.335 (fore udder attachment and protein yield). Positive phenotypic correlation (0.293) was recorded also between fore udder attachment and milk yield which is deemed the most important trait of milk yield while the lowest correlation between milk yields was determined in relation to udder depth (-0.033). The results obtained indicate a possibility of applying direct and indirect multiple traits selection which should be conducted within a national progeny-testing programme on Holstein-Friesian bulls by using the method of selection indexes.

Relationships among udder type traits and milk yield of Iranian Holstein-Friesian cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M. R. Sanjabi ◽  
M. G. Govindaiah ◽  
M. M. Moeini
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
High Production ◽  
Friesian Cattle

Correlation among type traits and with milk production has been investigated by Brotherstone (1994) and Misztal et al (1992). One of the primary reasons for collecting and utilizing information on type traits is to aid breeders in selecting profitable functional cows for high production and suitable herd life. The objectives of this study were to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations among milk production and with udder traits.

Genetic correlations between linear type traits, food intake, live weight and condition score in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Veerkamp ◽  
S. Brotherstone
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Type Traits

AbstractVariance components were estimated from an animal model using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure which allowed for unequal design matrices and missing observations (VCE). Data sets containing: (i) 15 275 records of linear type classifications on heifers, (ii) 3399 live weight and condition scores measured at calving and (iii) 1157 records of yield, dry-matter intake, average live weight and condition score during the first 26 weeks of lactation; were analysed jointly.Heritability estimates for dry-matter intake, live weight and condition score in the largest data set were 0·44, 0·44 and 0·35 respectively and the genetic correlation between condition score and the yield traits ranged from −0·29 to −0·46. The genetic correlation between milk yield and average live weight was negative (−0·09) but after adjusting for the genetic variation in condition score this correlation was positive (0·29). Genetic correlations between live weight and stature, chest width, body depth and rump width were consistently high (0·52 to 0·64; 0·75 to 0·86; 0·59 to 0·81; 0·56 to 0·74, respectively). Chest width and body depth were little to moderately correlated with dry-matter intake (0·25 to 0·28 and 0·20 to 0·34 respectively), and angularity (−0·47 to −0·77) and chest width (0·32 to 0·73) appeared to be good predictors of condition score. These correlations showed that (i) the relative value of live weight compared with food intake capacity determines the optimum direction of selection for stature, chest width, body depth and angularity, and consequently the optimum size of the dairy cow, and that (ii) live weight, condition score and food intake can be predicted from the type traits with little loss in accuracy. A restricted index which maintains condition score at its current level was predicted to reduce overall (economic) genetic gain by 5%.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SPEED OF MILKING AND SOMATIC CELL COUNT AND PRODUCTION IN HOLSTEINS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. MOORE ◽  
J. E. MOXLEY ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
E. B. BURNSIDE
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Relationship

Milking speed data were obtained for 2604 Holstein-Friesian cows, identified by sire, in test herds located in Quebec and Ontario. Milk samples were collected from each cow and analyzed for somatic cell count. Completed or projected lactation production records were available for this sample of cows. Two-minute yield and total milking time were adjusted for the effect of milk yield at sampling and the raw cell counts were transformed to the natural log scale. Sire and error variances were obtained by maximum likelihood (ML) methods and used to estimate heritabilities of and correlations between traits. The heritability estimate for the adjusted 2-min. yield, 0.23, was higher than that for the adjusted total milking time (0.13), with the estimates for the two unadjusted measures being intermediate (0.18). The phenotypic correlations between milking speed and somatic cell count were small. However, there were two distinct linear phases to the relationship between the adjusted 2-min yield and cell count. Small but significant phenotypic correlations were observed between unadjusted measures of milking speed and lactation production (0.11–0.22); however, correlations were not significant when adjustments were made for the milk yield at sampling. Genetic correlations between milking speed and somatic cell count were moderate to large and indicated an antagonistic relationship between faster milking speed and cell count. Also, the genetic correlations suggested some antagonism between increasing 2-min yield and lactation production, while the relationship between lactation traits and milking time was small. Key words: Milking speed, somatic cell count, correlations, heritabilities, Holsteins

scholarly journals Analysis of lameness traits and type traits in Hungarian Holstein-Friesian cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
R.T. Gudaj ◽  
E. Brydl ◽  
J. Lehoczky ◽  
I. Komlósi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Side View ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Early Predictors ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Friesian Cattle

Lameness is an important factor for culling animals. Strong legs and feet improve herd life of dairy cows. Therefore, many countries include leg and feet conformation traits in their breeding programs, often as early predictors of longevity. In the study 609 cows from 5 farms were observed for a year for correlation between lameness and conformation traits. Among the type traits, rear leg side view (0.30), rump angle (0.18), back teat placement (0.18) and front teat placement (0.18), had the strongest associations (P<0.05) with clinical lameness. Low leg angle, low rump angle, back and front tits pointing inside were associated with increased clinical lameness. Correlations with strength and body depth ranged from 0.12 to 0.14, indicating that heavier cows were slightly more prone to clinical lameness. Practical implementation of higher selection pressure on rear leg side view is recommended.

scholarly journals The role of type traits of dairy cattles in long productive life

2006 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Attila Berta ◽  
Béla Béri
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Reproduction Biology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Friesian Cows

In the last few decades, a new intensive milking stock has developed as a result of breed-converter crossing in Hungary. Additionally, the reproduction biology of the population was adversely affected by keeping and feeding technologies. Productive lifetime has shortened and the service period has lengthened. However, profitable milk production requires cows with longer productive lives and larger life-time productions. In our study, we made a comparison between production, culling causes, and type traits of culled Holstein Friesian cows after first calving and of cows with a minimum of eight lactations. We established that the first lactation production of cows with longer productive lives was more or less homogeneous. Disease of metabolism as well as digestive and respiratory problems, were the main causes of the culling of cows with short productive lives, and reproduction and udder problems as well as low production, were the main causes of the culling of cows with long productive lives. We found a significant difference in the distributions of strength, body depth, dairy form, croup width, rear leg side view, foot angle, fore udder attachment and teat placement between the two groups. Furthermore, we established that cows with lower stature, less strength, a somewhat deeper body, better dairy form, narrower croup width, smaller foot angle, looser fore udder attachment and some outside teat placement had longer productive lives.

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